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components of building

The document outlines the components of building construction, focusing on substructures and superstructures. It details the functions and purposes of various elements such as foundations, plinths, walls, roofs, and different types of shallow and deep foundations. Additionally, it describes specific foundation types including strip, isolated, combined, and pile foundations.

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2 views

components of building

The document outlines the components of building construction, focusing on substructures and superstructures. It details the functions and purposes of various elements such as foundations, plinths, walls, roofs, and different types of shallow and deep foundations. Additionally, it describes specific foundation types including strip, isolated, combined, and pile foundations.

Uploaded by

swananddeshmukh6699
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Building Camponents

FY Civil Engineering
Substructure or Foundation
 The underground section of building that directly connects
with ground to transfer the building’s load to ground.
 Functions
 Provides support to the structure
 Give stability to structure
 Creates level surface for structure
 Ensures structural safety of superstructure by protecting it from
scouring caused by animals, floodwater and other factors.
 It prevents or minimizes cracks resulting from moisture movement
in weak or poor soil.
Superstructure
 The superstructure is the portion of the structure that is located above the
GL. It includes plinth, wall, lintel roof etc.

Plinth
 It offers protection against rainwater and prevents crawling animals and
insects from entering into building.
 Purpose
 Prevent floodwater entry
 Keeps out insects, dust, reptiles
 Ensure smooth sewage drainage
 Improve building appearance
 Support superstructure wall and transfer load to foundation.
 Protects building from dampness
 Support flooring tiles
 Floor
 It provides a level surface for comfortable movement.
 Walls
 Walls serve as outer boundaries of structure and separate different rooms
from each other
 Roofs
 It provides protection from various elements such as rain, sun, wind etc
 Windows
 Allows natural light into building and ensure proper air circulation
 Doors
 Facilitates movement of occupants in and out house.
 Outer door isolates house from outsiders for privacy and security
 Beams
 Transfers load of wall, slabs to the columns
 Columns
 Provides support to the beams, floors
 Transferring load to footing
 Sill
 Provides finishing touch to window as well as protects wall beneath
window
 Offers support to window
 Staircase
 Allows easy access from one floor to another
 Parapet
 Serves as a safety wall on terrace
 Lintels
 These are structural members providing support to the section above
openings.
Foundations

Shallow Deep
Foundations foundations
D<=B D>B
Types of Shallow foundations

 Strip or Wall footing


 Isolated footing
 Combined footing
 Strap or Cantilever footing
 Inverted arch footing
 Grillage foundation
 Raft or Mat footing
Strip or Wall Footing
Isolated Footing
Isolated Footing
Isolated Footing
Combined Footing
COLUMNS

PLAN
Combined Footing
Strap Footing

Columns

Strap

Footings
Inverted Arch Footing
Grillage Footing
Grillage Footing
Mat Footing
Mat Footing
Types of Deep foundations

 Pile foundations
 Well Foundations
Pile Foundations

End bearing pile Friction pile

Combined End bearing and


friction pile
Pile Foundations
Pile Foundations
Well Foundations
 Caisson
Caisson
Box Caisson
Open Caisson or Well foundation
Pneumatic Caisson

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