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The Round Table Conferences

The Three Round Table Conferences (RTCs) held in London from 1930 to 1932 aimed to address India's constitutional issues but ultimately failed to resolve them, with only a few recommendations being acknowledged. Key outcomes included the agreement on a federal system of government and provincial status for certain regions, which were later incorporated into the Government of India Act 1935. The conferences were marked by the absence of major political figures like Congress leaders and unresolved minority issues, leading to dissatisfaction among various groups in India.

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5 views

The Round Table Conferences

The Three Round Table Conferences (RTCs) held in London from 1930 to 1932 aimed to address India's constitutional issues but ultimately failed to resolve them, with only a few recommendations being acknowledged. Key outcomes included the agreement on a federal system of government and provincial status for certain regions, which were later incorporated into the Government of India Act 1935. The conferences were marked by the absence of major political figures like Congress leaders and unresolved minority issues, leading to dissatisfaction among various groups in India.

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eagerboot717
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THE THREE ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES 1930-1932

The round table conferences were successful to some extent because the
recommendations were ultimately included in the government of India act
1935. The RTCs were held in London. The purpose was to consider the report
of Simon Commission & suggest such reforms to solve the constitutional
problem of India which could satisfy all people in the country. These
conferences were held in London in 1930, 1931 & 1932 & all important
leaders of different political parties & princes of states were invited to attend
the conferences. On the whole, the Conferences were not very successful
because the constitutional problem of India was not resolved but only few
recommendations were acknowledged. The first RTC held in November
1930,was not attended by the Congress leaders because they had put strong
conditions for participating in the conference & were in jail on account of
launching non-cooperation movement. However, it was agreed that federal
system of government shall be adopted in India, & responsible &
representative governments will be set up in provinces. This was a great
achievement because the congress had suggested ‘Unitary Form’ of
government in Nehru report. Full responsible & representative government in
provinces was a good step forward for self rule. (Secondly) the princely
states also agreed to join the federation, several committees were formed to
discuss different issues.

The second RTC was held from September to December 1931. Mr. Gandhi
attended as the only representative of the congress. Mr. Gandhi claimed that
the Congress represented the whole of India & that there was no minority
problem in the country. Muslim & other minority leaders didn’t agree.
Therefore, on account of Mr. Gandhi’s stubborn & unfair attitude the
conference couldn’t achieve much but its success was that it was declared
that Orissa, Sind & NWFP will be given full provincial status with governors.
The minorities issue remained unresolved.

The third RTC was held in November 1932. It was again not attended by the
Congress. Mr. Jinnah also did not attend. This conference proved to be a
formality. It broke up without achieving or agreeing to any thing of
substance.

The RTCs were not successful because they failed to solve the constitutional
problem of India. Congress was not satisfied because the dominion status or
self rule was not granted as was promised by the Viceroy in 1930. Problem of
minorities was not resolved which left the Muslims dissatisfied. Low caste
Hindus also demanded separate electorate & proper representation. The new
government of Britain & the new Viceroy were not in favor of giving
concession to India. By and large the conferences failed to achieve anything
of importance. But the conferences were successful in the sense that some
important decisions were taken. For example federal system of government
for India, representative government in provinces, separation of Sind from
Bombay & full provincial status for NWFP was agreed upon. These points
were including in the government of India act 1935.

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