1.

The Amber Room, a legendary chamber decorated in amber panels backed with gold leaf and mirrors, is
often regarded as an __________ masterpiece of artistry in art history. Its creation involved the
painstaking efforts of artisans and is a testament to the heights of artistic achievement in the 18th
century.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) dogmatic

B) unparalleled

C) satiable

D) opulent

2.
The Concorde, a turbojet-powered supersonic passenger airliner, is often lauded as a remarkable feat of
______ due to its unprecedented speed and engineering complexity. Despite its retirement, the aircraft
remains a symbol of advanced aeronautical achievement and technological ambition.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) resilience

B) obsolescence

C) ingenuity

D) luxury

3.
The discovery of a previously unknown Mozart symphony has excited music historians and enthusiasts
alike, promising to ______ the composer's already illustrious reputation. Although its authenticity was
initially questioned, subsequent analysis has provided compelling evidence of its genuine provenance.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) perturb

B) diminish

C) augment

D) obfuscate

4.
For her groundbreaking research in quantum computing, Dr. Eliza Rodriguez collaborated with
theoretical physicist Dr. Arjun Patel to develop an algorithm that scientists deemed _______: they
commended Rodriguez for creating a method that significantly improves computational efficiency and
paves the way for solving complex quantum problems previously deemed insurmountable.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) prosaic

B) ingenious

C) inscrutable

D) bewildering

5.
Many art historians have postulated that Renaissance painters were primarily _______ in their subject
matter, but the recent discoveries of Dr. Isabella Moretti indicate that these artists explored a broader
range of themes. Moretti's research reveals previously unknown works that delve into scientific
observations, exotic landscapes, and intricate depictions of daily life.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) parochial

B) enigmatic

C) eclectic

D) obscure

6.
The following passage is adapted from "The Symphony of the Stars," a 1912 essay by an unknown
author. In the text, the author describes the celestial phenomena observed during a meteor shower.

As the night deepened, the firmament came alive with streaks of luminescent brilliance. Each meteor,
with its unique trajectory, painted ephemeral trails across the vast expanse. Some celestial bodies
blazed with fervor, while others merely flickered before succumbing to the void. Amidst this
cosmic ballet, the observer stood mesmerized, a silent witness to the universe's grand spectacle.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

A) It illustrates the various temperaments exhibited by the celestial bodies during the event.
B) It accentuates the harmonious interplay between the observer and the night sky.
C) It elucidates how astronomical events can inspire profound contemplation.
D) It expands on the distinguishing characteristics of the meteors observed.
7.
Dr. Linnea Marsh, a marine biologist, and her team sought to study the communication patterns of
humpback whales. Due to the ocean's vastness and depth, traditional methods of observation were
insufficient. For three years, Marsh's team employed advanced acoustic technology to capture and
analyze whale songs. Their research revealed that these marine mammals utilize complex vocalizations
to convey information across great distances. The intricacies of these vocal patterns suggest a level of
social interaction previously unappreciated in marine biology.

According to the text, why were traditional methods inadequate for studying humpback whale
communication?

A) Because the acoustic technology required for the research had not been invented
B) Because humpback whales use vocalizations that are too subtle for traditional methods to detect
C) Because the ocean's vastness and depth impeded effective observation
D) Because traditional methods failed to capture the social context of whale interactions

8.
The following passage is adapted from "Guardians of Knowledge," a 2021 article by cultural historian
Dr. Elena Vasquez. In ancient Greece, the muses were revered as the divine patrons of the arts and
sciences. Each muse presided over a specific domain, such as poetry, history, or astronomy, and was
believed to inspire creativity and wisdom in those who honored them. While modern advancements in
education and technology have transformed the ways in which knowledge is disseminated, the
symbolic significance of the muses as guardians of intellectual and artistic pursuits endures.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A) The muses have historically been responsible for entertaining the ancient Greeks with their artistic
talents.
B) Although the muses had many domains, most people associate them primarily with poetry.
C) Despite the evolution of educational methods, the muses remain emblematic of the preservation and
inspiration of knowledge.
D) Technological advancements have largely supplanted the inspirational role of the muses in
contemporary education.

9.
In 1859, Charles Darwin published "On the Origin of Species," proposing the theory of evolution by
natural selection. This groundbreaking work suggested that species evolve over time through the
gradual accumulation of small variations, which confer survival advantages. Although initially
controversial, Darwin's theory garnered substantial support over subsequent decades as more evidence
emerged from various biological disciplines. Recent genetic studies have provided definitive
corroboration of Darwin's hypotheses, illustrating the intricate mechanisms of evolution at the
molecular level.

Which choice best states the main idea of the passage?

A) Darwin's propositions revolutionized biological sciences by introducing a novel perspective on
species development.

B) Darwin's theory of evolution has received the most conclusive substantiation over the years and
even from recent genetic research.

C) The controversy surrounding Darwin's work has dissipated as subsequent evidence has equivocally
supported his hypotheses.

D) The gradual accumulation of minor variations is pivotal for the survival and evolution of species, as
demonstrated by recent studies.

10.
The following text is adapted from a biography of Alexander Hamilton, a key figure in American history
known for his role as one of the Founding Fathers. Hamilton grew up on the island of Nevis in the
Caribbean.

Despite the idyllic surroundings of the island, young Alexander found himself yearning for a different
life. Often, he would climb to the highest point on the island, from where he could see the ships coming
in and out of the harbor. Hamilton would spend hours gazing at the ships, dreaming of the
places they had been, the vast oceans they had crossed, and the adventures they must
have had. He felt a deep desire to leave the island and embark on his own journey.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

A) It provides a vivid portrayal of Alexander’s favorite pastime.

B) It reveals that some residents of Nevis were perplexed by Alexander’s aspirations.

C) It illustrates Alexander’s exceptional imagination in comparison to his peers.

D) It suggests that Alexander yearns for a life beyond the confines of Nevis.

11.
A study examines how an individual’s level of education affects their career advancement in different
sectors. Using survey data, researchers looked at respondents' highest educational attainment and
their position within their respective fields. The study found a correlation between higher education and
higher career positions.

Which choice best describes data in the graph that supports the researchers’ claim?

A) Those with a high school diploma have the highest percentage of entry-level positions compared to
other educational levels.

B) Individuals with a bachelor’s degree or higher are more likely to be in senior-level or executive-level
positions.

C) Those with a master’s degree are equally likely to be in senior-level positions as those with a
doctoral degree.

D) Career advancement does not significantly increase with higher educational attainment.

12.
To assess the influence of additional study materials on student performance, an educational
researcher monitored the scores of students in two groups, one with access to extra study materials
and one without, over a 15-month period. The researcher concluded that the decrease in the
performance scores of the group without study materials by month 15 was solely due to the absence of
those materials.

Question:
Which choice best describes data from the graph that weaken the researcher’s conclusion?

Options:
A) The performance scores were similar in both groups at the beginning of the study.

B) The performance scores at month 15 were higher in the group with study materials than in the group
without study materials.

C) The most significant improvement in performance scores for the group with study materials occurred
between months 1 and 5.

D) The performance scores also notably decreased by month 15 in the group with study materials.

13.
Linguists Dr. Maria Sanchez and Dr. Hiroshi Tanaka, along with their colleagues, investigated the
evolution of language syntax in ancient civilizations. By analyzing the grammatical structures in texts
from Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley (approximately 2500 to 1500 BCE), the team determined that
Mesopotamian texts predominantly utilized complex hierarchical sentence structures, while texts from
the Indus Valley exhibited simpler, linear syntactic patterns. The team concluded that Mesopotamian
society had more intricate administrative and social hierarchies, which were reflected in their language,
whereas the Indus Valley society was more egalitarian, reflected in their straightforward syntax.

Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the team’s conclusion?

A) Further analysis revealed that Mesopotamian texts also employed elaborate metaphorical
expressions, whereas Indus Valley texts favored literal language.
B) Subsequent examinations showed that texts from both regions contained a similar frequency of
technical and administrative terminology.

C) An in-depth study found that the complexity of the Mesopotamian sentence structures correlated
with the presence of various administrative titles and positions.

D) Additional research indicated that the languages of both regions borrowed extensively from
neighboring cultures, influencing their syntactic developments.

14.
Astronomers Dr. Elena Grigori and Dr. Michael Chan, along with their team, investigated the impact of
stellar radiation on the formation of planetary atmospheres in exoplanetary systems. By analyzing data
from telescopic observations of exoplanets in the habitable zones of distant stars, the team determined
that high levels of stellar radiation lead to the erosion of planetary atmospheres, while moderate levels
allow for the development of stable, dense atmospheres. The team concluded that planets orbiting
stars with moderate radiation levels are more likely to sustain atmospheres conducive to life, whereas
those with high radiation levels are less likely to retain their atmospheres.

Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the team’s conclusion?

A) Further analysis revealed that exoplanets in high-radiation zones also exhibited magnetic fields
weaker than those in moderate-radiation zones.

B) Subsequent observations showed that planets in moderate-radiation zones had atmospheric

compositions similar to those found on Earth.

C) Detailed studies indicated that the erosion rate of planetary atmospheres correlated directly with the
intensity of stellar radiation.

D) Additional research demonstrated that planets in low-radiation zones often lacked the necessary
energy input to support atmospheric processes.

15.
Psychologists Dr. Amanda Clarke and Dr. Stefan Müller examined the effects of cognitive therapy on
individuals diagnosed with chronic anxiety. By comparing two groups—one receiving cognitive therapy
and the other receiving no treatment—over a period of five years, Clarke and Müller assessed changes
in anxiety levels using standardized psychological scales. The team hypothesized that cognitive
therapy would significantly reduce anxiety levels in the treated group compared to the untreated group.

Which finding, if true, would most directly support Clarke and Müller’s hypothesis?

A) Subjects receiving cognitive therapy reported lower overall stress levels, although their anxiety
levels showed no significant change compared to the untreated group.

B) Subjects who underwent cognitive therapy demonstrated a marked improvement in anxiety scores
on psychological scales, while the untreated group exhibited little to no change.

C) Individuals in the untreated group developed coping mechanisms over time that reduced their
anxiety levels, similar to those observed in the treated group.

D) Both groups showed improvements in anxiety levels, but subjects receiving cognitive therapy also
reported improvements in related conditions such as depression and insomnia.

16.
When he returned to Japan, he further developed his artistic
vision and ________________to exhibit his work at galleries
and museums in Europe and the United States.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) beginning
B) has begun
C) began
D) will begin

17.
Six years later, Murakami published his “Superflat”
theory in the catalogue for a group exhibition that he
curated for the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los
Angeles. He suggested that unlike western art, which
emphasizes realistic surfaces and flat planes of
______________________art is based on “flat” two-dimensional
imagery that can still be observed in manga and anime
(animated works).

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) color, whereas Japanese

B) color- Japanese
C) color, Japanese
D) color; Japanese

18.
Most correspondence is now sent electronically, making
mailrooms a thing of the past. Likewise, most documents
are now stored on computers, so room for bulky file
cabinets _________no longer needed.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) is
B) are
C) would be
D) being

19.
It doesn’t seem right that a simple drug should allow
people to avoid the pain and sweat that accompany the
pursuit of a ________________new scientific
developments suggest that what was once the stuff of mid-
workout fantasies may soon be reality.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) lean, fit body, but

B) lean, fit, body, but
C) lean, fit body, however
D) lean fit, body, but

20.
Researchers have repeatedly tried to identify the molecular processes that
occur when we exercise and the positive effects on our
___________________they have made progress in
observing how these processes function.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) cells in recent months,

B) cells, in recent months,
C) cells. In recent months,
D) cells in recent months

21.
_________________________
their blood glucose level dropped to near normal. Then, the
mice were divided into two groups: both groups were fed
the same diet, but the first group was given a single dose of
Compound 14 every day for a week, whereas the second
group was given an inactive compound.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) After consuming a single dose,

B) After the mice consumed a single dose,
C) Having consumed a single dose
D) In consuming a single dose,

22.
Researchers also believe that
exercise pills could strongly benefit ____________________
as well as those born with physical
limitations. For most of us, though, no pill will provide all
the benefits of real exercise- at least not for the
foreseeable future.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) people, who have sustained injuries,

B) people, who have sustained injuries
C) people; who have sustained injuries
D) people who have sustained injuries

23.
Open-plan environments also provide more
opportunities for collaboration, both planned and
spontaneous, as well as a greater sense of community.
According to a study in Harvard Business Review,
employees at companies that switched to open offices were
more than four times as productive- ____________faster
and more accurate- as those that remained in closed ones.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A) otherwise,
B) however,
C) in reality,
D) that is,

24.
Jane Austen’s 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice details the intricate social dynamics of the Bennet family.
Elizabeth Bennet, the protagonist, is known for her sharp wit and independence. ______ Lydia Bennet,
her youngest sister, is impetuous and reckless, often causing scandal.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A) Conversely,

B) Moreover,

C) Subsequently,

D) Henceforth,

25.
In her novel Beloved, Toni Morrison explores the aftermath of slavery and its impact on individuals and
communities. She delves into the psychological trauma experienced by former slaves. ______ Morrison
examines the importance of memory and storytelling in the process of healing and reclaiming identity.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A) Specifically,
B) For example,
C) However,
D) Additionally,

26.
Whileresearching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
 Dorothy Dandridge (1922-1965) was an actress and singer born in Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
 She was of African-American heritage.
 She was the first African-American actress to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best
Actress.
 Early in her career, she performed as a nightclub singer in venues such as the Cotton Club.
 Later, she played leading roles in films such as Carmen Jones (1954).

The student wants to begin a narrative about Dorothy Dandridge’s life. Which choice most effectively
uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) Dorothy Dandridge's story begins in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, in 1922.

B) Dorothy Dandridge was the first African-American actress to be nominated for an Academy Award for
Best Actress, and she appeared in leading roles in films such as Carmen Jones (1954).
C) In 1954, Dorothy Dandridge played the leading role in the film Carmen Jones.
D) Though she would go on to receive many accolades, Dorothy Dandridge also performed as a
nightclub singer in venues such as the Cotton Club.

27.
Whileresearching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
 Gothic novels are a genre of literature that combines fiction, horror, death, and romance.
 They often include elements such as haunted houses, castles, and dark, mysterious settings.
 Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley is a Gothic novel about a scientist who creates a monstrous
being.
 It explores themes of ambition, revenge, and the consequences of playing God.
 Wuthering Heights (1847) by Emily Brontë is a Gothic novel that centers on the tumultuous
relationship between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw.
  It explores themes of passion, revenge, and the supernatural.

The student wants to emphasize a difference between the two novels. Which choice most effectively
uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) Frankenstein and Wuthering Heights are both Gothic novels that explore themes of revenge.
B) Both Frankenstein by Mary Shelley and Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë are classic examples of
Gothic literature.
C) While Frankenstein focuses on the consequences of playing God through scientific ambition,
Wuthering Heights centers on the passionate and revengeful relationship between its main characters.
D) The Gothic elements in both Frankenstein and Wuthering Heights include themes of horror and dark,
mysterious settings.