Tutorial

(1) The Venturi tube shown in the figure below may be used as a fluid flowmeter. Suppose
the device is used at a service station to measure the flow rate of gasoline (ρ=7.00x102
kg/m3) through a hose having an outlet radius of 1.20 cm. If the difference in pressure
is measured to be P1-P2=1.20 kPa and the radius of the inlet tube to the meter is 2.40
cm, find

(a) the speed of the gasoline as it leaves the hose and

(b) the fluid flow rate in cubic meters per second.

(2) A spray can containing a propellant gas at twice atmospheric pressure (202 kPa) and
having a volume of 125.00 cm3 is at 228C. It is then tossed into an open fire.

(a) When the temperature of the gas in the can reaches 1958C, what is the pressure inside
the can? Assume any change in the volume of the can is negligible.

(b) Suppose we include a volume change due to thermal expansion of the steel can as the
temperature increases. Does that alter our answer for the final pressure significantly?.

(3) Two thermally insulated vessels are connected by a narrow tube fitted with a valve that
is initially closed as shown in the figure below. One vessel of volume 16.8 L contains
oxygen at a temperature of 300 K and a pressure of 1.75 atm. The other vessel of
volume 22.4 L contains oxygen at a temperature of 450 K and a pressure of 2.25 atm.
When the valve is opened, the gases in the two vessels mix and the temperature and
pressure become uniform throughout.
(a) What is the final temperature?.
(b) What is the final pressure?.
 (4) A container in the shape of a cube 10.0 cm on each edge contains air (with equivalent
molar mass 28.9 g/mol) at atmospheric pressure and temperature 300 K. Find
(a) How many atoms of helium gas fill a spherical balloon of diameter 30.0 cm at 20.08C
and 1.00 atm?.
(b) What is the average kinetic energy of the helium atoms?.

(5) A particular heat engine has a mechanical power output of 5.00 kW and an efficiency of
25.0%. The engine expels 8.00x103 J of exhaust energy in each cycle. Find
(a) the energy taken in during each cycle and
(b) the time interval for each cycle.

(6) Mercury is poured into a U-tube as shown in figure a below. The left arm of the tube has
cross-sectional area A1 of 10.0 cm2, and the right arm has a cross-sectional area A2 of 5.00 cm2.
One hundred grams of water are then poured into the right arm as shown in figure b below.

(a) Determine the length of the water column in the right arm of the U-tube.

(b) Given that the density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3, what distance h does the mercury rise in
the left arm?.
(7) A hollow aluminium cylinder 20.0 cm deep has an internal capacity of 2.000 L at 20.08C. It
is completely filled with turpentine at 20.08C. The turpentine and the aluminium cylinder are
then slowly warmed together to 80.08C.

(a) How much turpentine overflows?.

(b) What is the volume of turpentine remaining in the cylinder at 80.08C?.

(c) If the combination with this amount of turpentine is then cooled back to 20.08C, how far
below the cylinder’s rim does the turpentine’s surface recede?.

(8) An ideal gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a movable piston on top of it. The piston has a
mass of 8 000 g and an area of 5.00 cm2 and is free to slide up and down, keeping the pressure
of the gas constant. How much work is done on the gas as the temperature of 0.200 mol of the
gas is raised from 20.0°C to 300°C?.

(9) A 2.00-mol sample of a diatomic ideal gas expands slowly and adiabatically from a pressure
of 5.00 atm and a volume of 12.0 L to a final volume of 30.0 L.

(a) What is the final pressure of the gas?.

(b) What are the initial and final temperatures?.

Find

(c) Q,

(d) DEint, and

(e) W for the gas during this process.

(10) A Styrofoam cup holding 125 g of hot water at 100°C cools to room temperature, 20.0°C.
What is the change in entropy of the room?. Neglect the specific heat of the cup and any
change in temperature of the room.

(11) The gravitational force exerted on a solid object is 5.00 N (see figure a below). When the
object is suspended from a spring scale and submerged in water, the scale reads 3.50 N (see
figure b below). Find the density of the object.
(12) A rigid tank contains 1.50 moles of an ideal gas. Determine the number of moles of
gas that must be withdrawn from the tank to lower the pressure of the gas from 25.0 atm
to 5.00 atm. Assume the volume of the tank and the temperature of the gas remain
constant during this operation.

(13) An ideal gas initially at Pi, Vi and Ti is taken through a cycle as shown in the figure
below.
(a) Find the net work done on the gas per cycle for 1.00 mol of gas initially at 0°C.
(b) What is the net energy added by heat to the gas per cycle?.

(14) A sample of an ideal gas goes through the process shown in figure below. From A to
B, the process is adiabatic; from B to C, it is isobaric with 345 kJ of energy entering the
system by heat; from C to D, the process is isothermal; and from D to A, it is isobaric with
371 kJ of energy leaving the system by heat. Determine the difference in internal energy E
int,B -E int,A.
 (15) A 1.00-mol sample of hydrogen gas is heated at constant pressure from 300 K to
420 K. Calculate
(a) the energy transferred to the gas by heat,
(b) the increase in its internal energy, and
(c) the work done on the gas.

(16) A 1 500-kg car is moving at 20.0 m/s. The driver brakes to a stop. The brakes cool off
to the temperature of the surrounding air, which is nearly constant at 20.0°C. What is the
total entropy change?