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2.2.5 Hydrated Formula Practice

The document describes an experiment to determine the water of crystallization in hydrated copper sulfate (CuSO4.xH2O). It includes calculations for the percentage of water by mass, the number of moles of water, and the empirical formula of the hydrate. Additionally, it explains the purpose of additional heating to ensure complete dehydration of the sample.

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9 views

2.2.5 Hydrated Formula Practice

The document describes an experiment to determine the water of crystallization in hydrated copper sulfate (CuSO4.xH2O). It includes calculations for the percentage of water by mass, the number of moles of water, and the empirical formula of the hydrate. Additionally, it explains the purpose of additional heating to ensure complete dehydration of the sample.

Uploaded by

sudanny72
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hydrated copper sulfate, CuSO4.

xH2O (x represents an unknown amount of water), is blue, however,


the anhydrous form (CuSO4) is white. A sample of hydrated copper sulfate was weighed and fully
dehydrated by heating. The results of the experiment are shown below.

Note: Two additional blank lines have been left in the table below for rough working out only.
You may or may not wish to use these lines.

Table 3: Masses For Calculating the Water of Crystallisation in CuSO4.xH2O

Item Measured Mass (grams)


Crucible and lid 29.30
Crucible, lid and hydrated sample 39.49
Crucible, lid and sample after heating 35.87
Crucible, lid and sample after additional heating 35.85

(a) Calculate the percentage by mass of water in the original hydrated sample.

(3 marks)

(b) Find the number of moles of water in the hydrated sample.

(1 mark)

(c) Calculate the value of ‘x’ in the hydrated sample and thus determine its empirical formula.

(4 marks)

(d) What was the purpose of providing additional heating to the final hydrated sample?

(1 mark)
ANSWER
4. (a) mass of original CuSO4.xH2O(s) = mass (crucible, lid & hydrate) – mass (crucible & lid)
mass of original CuSO4.xH2O(s) = 39.49g – 29.30g
mass of original CuSO4.xH2O(s) = 10.19g [1]

mass of water = mass (crucible, lid & hydrate) – mass (after further heating)
mass of water = 39.49g – 35.85g
mass of water = 3.64g [1]

percentage of water by mass:

3 . 64
10 .19 x 100 = 3.57 x 101 % [1]

m
(b) n(H2O) = M

3. 64
n(H2O) = . 016
18

n(H2O) = 2.02 x 10-1 mol [1]

(c) mass (CuSO4) = mass hydrated CuSO4 – mass H2O


mass (CuSO4) = 10.19g – 3.64g
mass (CuSO4) = 6.55g [1]
m
n(CuSO4) = M

6.55
n(CuSO4) = 159 .61

n(CuSO4) = 4.10 x 10-2 mol [1]

Find ratio of n(H2O):n(CuSO4)

2.02 x 10-1 : 4.10 x 10-2


1 : 4.9 (5)

Empirical formula of hydrate: CuSO4.5H2O [2]

(d) The purpose of heating the hydrated sample, weighing and then heating further is to
ensure that all water has been detached from the ionic lattice so that the mass of
pure CuSO4(s) can be determined. Heating and weighing can continue until consistent
masses are obtained. [1]

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