Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications

JASA 2023, 8 (1), 178-187.

Research article
e-ISSN: 2548-0170
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/mbud

Between Virtual Space and Real Space: Transition Spaces

İsmail Emre KAVUT 1* , Betül İrem TARAKÇI 2
ORCID 1: 000-0003-2672-4122
ORCID 2: 000-0003-2381-6873
1
Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Interior Architecture, 34000,
İstanbul, Türkiye.
2
İskenderun Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Interior Architecture, 31200,
Hatay, Türkiye.
*e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The space that is virtual in the planning processes is the one that is not experienced physically. With unlimited
changes in virtual space 2/3 dimensional sketches/drawings, the desired location is reached in a short time. The
structures which are implemented, after the planning process had finished, space is now a real space that can be
experienced physically, its boundaries are defined and transformed. However, unlike virtual space, it may require
serious cost and time for changes caused by small errors, revisions, or needs that will occur. Starting from this
point, decoupling between the transitional spaces in the virtual and real space are described in the study. The
main emphasis of the study is to explain how to transition spaces are separated from virtual and real spaces and
what are their advantages and disadvantages during use with selected examples. The empirical method, which
is one of the quantitative research types, was used. First of all, the meaning pattern of the concept of space was
examined within the framework of the concept definitions of virtuality, reality, and transitivity. Virtual, real, and
transitional spaces are explained by literature surveys. The transition locations were analyzed with selected
samples. As a result, when the characteristics of the spaces are compared, it is seen that the transition spaces,
with their flexibility, easy changeability, limitlessness, and timelessness, can analyze the spaces needed before
building new buildings. It has been seen that the transition from the physical being space to another space and
the space in which the transition is made can be experienced mentally.
Keywords: Virtual Space, real space, transition space.

Sanal Mekân ve Gerçek Mekân Ara Kesitinde: Geçiş Mekanlar

Öz
Planlama süreçlerinde sanal olan mekân, fizikken deneyimlenmeyen zihnen 2/3 boyutlu eskiz/çizimlerle sınırsız
değişiklikle kısa sürede istenen mekân çözümlerine ulaşılabilir. Planlama sürecinden sonra uygulanan yapılarda
mekân artık fizikken deneyimlenebilen sınırları belli ve dönüşebilen gerçek mekanlardır. Fakat yapılacak küçük
hatalardan, revizelerden veya ihtiyaçlardan kaynaklı değişimler için sanal mekândan farklı olarak ciddi maliyet ve
zaman gerektirebilir. Bu noktadan hareketle çalışmada sanal ve gerçek mekân ara kesitindeki geçiş mekanlar
açıklanmıştır. Çalışmanın temel vurgusu geçiş mekanlarının, sanal ve gerçek mekândan nasıl ayrıldığını, kullanım
süresince avantajlarının ve dezavantajlarının neler olduğunun seçilen örneklerle açıklanmasıdır. İlk olarak mekân
kavramının anlam örüntüsü; sanallık, gerçeklik ve geçişlilik kavram tanımlamaları çerçevesinde incelenmiş; sanal,
gerçek ve geçiş mekanlar literatür taramalarıyla açıklanmıştır. Geçiş mekanlar seçilen örneklerle analiz edilmiştir.
Sonuç olarak mekanların özellikleri karşılaştırıldığında geçiş mekanlarının; esnekliği, kolay değişilebilirliği,
sınırsızlığı ve zamansızlığıyla yeni binalar inşa etmeden ihtiyaç duyulan mekanların çözümlenebileceği fiziki olarak
bulunulan mekândan başka mekâna geçişin ve geçiş yapılan mekânın zihnen deneyimlenebileceği görülmüştür.
Anahtar kelimeler: Sanal mekân, gerçek mekân, geçiş mekân.

Citation: Kavut, İ. E. & Tarakçı, B. İ. (2023). Between virtual space and real space: Transition spaces. Journal of
Architectural Sciences and Applications, 8 (1), 178-187.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1276488

Received: 03/04/2023 – Accepted: 27/05/2023 178

 Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 2023, 8 (1), 178-187.

1. Introduction
The concept of space, which separates people from the environment in which they live with certain
boundaries, has brought innovations to globalized life. Technological developments and
industrialization that emerged with the industrial revolution started a new era in the World (Yalçınkaya
& Karadeniz, 2022). Developing and changing technology has created a new space where there are
quite a lot of interactions by giving digital qualities to the spaces. This human-space relationship,
Harvey (2003), who argues that space is only a very effective dimension in a person's life without an
ontological equivalent, states that social processes and spatial forms are shapes (Güngör, 2019). On
the other hand, Soja (1996) talks about Lefebvre's third conceptualization of space based on the
“spaces of representation”. all the factors are together in this third-mentioned place. The subject of
hybridity, in which coexistence is fictionalized in various forms without obvious distinctions such as
subjective-objective, ordinary-unusual, and concrete-abstract, is emphasized. The transition spaces
considered within the framework of the study are the spaces decoupled between abstract and
concrete. In other words, they are existing or non-existent spaces that can arise in accordance with
the need. When time, economy, and preintervention are considered, these structures have a minimum
margin of error. They provide easy revision opportunities on projects. They are at the cross-section of
experiencing the virtual without transforming without acquiring. The space covered in the study was
compared over the selected structures. As a result, compared to other spaces, the differences and
similarities of the characteristics of transition spaces are explained. It has been stated that transition
spaces will turn into a great advantage for interior designers if it used correctly. Therefore, to
understand transition spaces, it is necessary to explain the concepts of virtuality, virtual space, reality,
real space, and transitivity.
1.1. Conceptual Definitions
To understand architecture and architectural spaces, space must first be perceived. It is important for
people to have a perception of space and to know where it is (Ak, 2006). The ability of a person to
perceive space does not consist only of its characteristics. It is also related to the characteristics of the
place. Therefore, to understand space, it is necessary to define the physical and fictional characteristics
of space. In this section, the concepts and definitions of space related to real space, virtual space, and
transition spaces discussed within the scope of the research will be explained. Their characteristics and
by which subheadings they are addressed will be expressed. The connections between them will be
explained.
1.1.1. The concept of reality and real space
The concept of space, which has been explained in various ways in different disciplines throughout
history, corresponds to the place, house, dormitory, and space found in the Dictionary of the Turkish
Language Institution (2022). In the same dictionary, reality is defined as basic, principal, principal, and
non-artificial. In architecture, reality can correspond to a concrete structure that exists physically, not
an abstract one. Lowry (1967) explains physical space as a space that is measured and determined
through geometric concepts. Real space, on the other hand, is defined as the space that can be
perceived physically, whose boundaries can be determined, that can be physically found within the
specified limits, and where it continues and terminates its life (Göktepe, 2013). In real space, place and
time are not neglected. It is the transformation of architectural design into a real, physically
experienced, concrete structure (Figure 1).

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Figure 1. Realspace examples

Realspace; existing physical space is a space that can be perceived visually, dimensionally, auditorily,
olfactorily, and tactilely by the user with five sensory organs. Visual perception gives faster and more
effective results than our other sensory organs. Because the sense of vision allows more data flow
compared to other senses (Yüntem, 2022). While dimensional perception is based on the human scale,
auditory perception perceives positive or negative sounds, such as music, noise, or a human voice,
coming to the ear. In olfactory perception, for example, it is the recollection of a place experienced
through a previously experienced smell in another place when the same smell is encountered. In tactile
perception, which is a complement to eye vision, direct contact and interaction with space is the issue.
All perceptual sensations can be experienced in physical spaces.
1.1.2. Virtuality and virtual space concept
Before the modern period, the concepts of space and place were used with the same meanings
(Güngör, 2019). According to Giddens (1999), with the capitalist economic outputs that dominate the
modern period and the world as a whole, space has gone beyond being just a concrete concept and
separated from face-to-face interaction. However, space, which is also separated from its physical
properties, has become a concept that can be arranged and partitioned in the desired way at any time.
The fact that the communication established together with the perception of the new digital culture
has reached global dimensions has revealed virtual spaces.
The virtual concept (Kayapa, 2003), which is the opposite of the real concept and not the real concept,
is one of the layers of reality (Güngör, 2019). While this concept is also the equivalent of reality, it is
also equivalent to the intangible (Franck, 2000). Virtual space, on the other hand, is one with a floor
independent of real space, where there are variations, there is no flexibility or distinctness, and there
is no definition. There are no physical rules in this cyberspace, which has no boundaries and is free; it
was created by thinking like a projection of real space, and there is a new order of reality (Güngör,
2019). Therefore, in this new reality, a space is formed whose boundaries are not defined and which
is built without the need for physical shaping and where there are infinite parameters for change.
Time is frozen in virtual spaces. People are not in physical contact. There are forms in which there are
no social encounters (Robins, 1999). According to Demirkaya (1999), virtual space: is an environment
designed in an electronic environment that connects the level of perception of a person and the virtual
level of digital information. However, some factors enable the perception of space in virtual space.
Therefore, places that are not physically experienced, but allow a person to perceive space in 2
dimensions or 3 dimensions, can also be shown as examples of virtual spaces.

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Figure 2. Virtual space examples

The framework of the virtual space considered in Figure 2 within the scope of the study is not just a
world based on an electronic basis. In addition, it has been discussed within the framework of working
in a space that can perceive a fictional space. For example, sketches that are at the design stage or
completed by hand drawing, all 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional drawings created in computer-aided
programs, books, fairy tales, fables, poems, animations, movies, or series, have been considered within
the framework of virtual space. These spaces can be touched, deleted, changed, edited, and
reproduced. In Figure 3, a comparison of real space and virtual space was given, and it was requested
that you explain how it was handled within the scope of the study. The concrete, non-electronic
environment of real space is space that can be experienced physically, have boundaries, does not
change, and the perception of time and place can be grasped. Virtual spaces, on the other hand, are
abstract spaces that can be produced with electronic media or can be fictionalized in 2 dimensions,
have no boundaries, are dynamic, can be changed, and have no perception of time and place.

Figure 3. Realspace and virtual space comparison

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Starting from this point, the concept of transitional space, which exists but can disappear, change and
move, the perception of space and time varies depending on the user, an instantaneous transition
from a physically located space to another space, should be explained in the decagonal of virtual space
and real space.
1.1.3. Transitivity and the concept of transition space
The word transition is defined in the Dictionary of the Turkish Language Institution (2022); the verb
transition is defined as a change in any situation, while transitivity corresponds to a transition state. It
can be defined as changing between two states or connecting to the other. Transition space, on the
other hand, Ak (2006) says that ‘Reflection in the physical environment are cyber-experiences
embedded in space and are invisible’ In fact, it refers to a new type of space that changes and decays
between real + virtual space. Within the scope of the study, transition space is considered as the
existing-decaying spaces between the existing, concreteness mentioned in the real space and the
abstraction that does not exist in the virtual space (Figure 4). It is the state of existence in another
space with a mobile-enabled structure that allows people to physically move from the space they are
into another space within the same boundaries, sometimes with or without computer-based
movement structurally.

Figure 4. Between virtual space and real space: Transition spaces

2. Material and Method
Information related to the subject within the scope of the study data was collected through literature
research. Numerous examples of real spaces, virtual spaces, and transition spaces. By compiling the
information obtained through conceptual research, real space, virtual space, and transition spaces are
mentioned. In this context, a sample group was formed. While making the selection, examples where
the differences between the spaces used in the interior architecture can be explained and different
visuals and explanations can be accessed were discussed. Another point (that) is taken into account
when selecting samples is that they are created with tools that are often used today. Examples that
can express the transition space well have been considered. The empirical method, which is one of the
quantitative research types, was used. As a result of the examination, feature comparisons of the
spaces in the real space, transition space, and virtual space examples are presented in the tables
created.
3. Findings and Discussion
As an example of a transitional space, virtual reality glasses are an alternative presentation method
used in design processes in different disciplines such as architecture, interior architecture, and city

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planning. It consists of a case carrying the electronic part, glasses reflecting the screen, and a glove or
controller that provides on-screen movement.
Table 1. Example of a transition space: Using virtual glasses (VR)
VIRTUAL REALITY GLASSES (VR)
Production Year: 1993
Inventor: Ivan Sutherland
Usage Area In Example: Interior Architecture
Source: (Johanhanegraaf, 2019)

It offers the possibility of a semi-interactive space, such as experiencing it physically and mentally, walking
around in it, and making changes. These glasses, which are distinguished by technology from long-time drawing
techniques such as sketching, which are treated as a virtual space, save time. Another difference is that hearing
and touch perceptions can be experienced with these glasses. The materials used in the real space in the
transition spaces and the cost caused by technical errors in the application phase turn into an advantage in this
space. With these glasses, which are more easily detected, errors can be seen in advance and prevented.
Serious financial savings can be achieved in this way. Instant revisions can be made to the components and
elements of the space. This can save time. The disadvantage is that it can lead to disorientation and eye fatigue
during long-term use.
Real Space Transition Space Virtual Space

(Decorilla, 2016) (Johanhanegraaf, 2019) (Decorilla, 2016)

In Table 1, the use of virtual reality glasses, the difference between real/virtual space, advantages,
disadvantages, and the way of handling the technology within the scope of the study are explained
with visuals.
Greenbox Studios is a shooting trick achieved by overlapping two different images at the same time.
In these studios, a special technique and green and blue colors are usually used.
Table 2. Example of a transition space: Greenbox studios
GREENBOX STUDIOS
Production Year:1940
Inventor: Larry Butler
Usage Area In Example: Studıo
Source: (SelisMedya,2022)

Although they are physically located in the same place, Greenbox Studios, which allows them to be in a different place with
screen tricks, gives a real feeling in terms of sound and image. But touching and feeling are out of the question. The
difference that distinguishes it from virtual space is that you can walk around in it and act as if you live in that space while
also transporting a person to another place at the same time. There is a question of variability in time and speed in the
change of location. In this example of a transitional space without borders, diversity, economy, and easy convertibility are
among the great advantages. It requires good equipment and conscious use.
Real Space Transition Space Virtual Space

(Sanat Yapım, 2022) (SelisMedya,2022) (SelisMedya,2022)

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In Table 2, the use of Greenbox Studio, its difference from real or virtual space, advantages,
disadvantages, and the way it is handled within the scope of the study are explained with visuals.
Mobile stages are platforms that are ready-made stage systems that come about for entertainment,
political, or commercial reasons. Scenes that are portable can be moved through a vehicle, as well as
they can be resolved and transported as part of the vehicle's equipment. With the disassembly system,
they can re-install and remove the structure with a short installation time. In this sense, these spaces,
which save time by preventing a continuous new construction process, are solution-oriented,
economical, and practical.
Table 3. Example of a transitional space: Mobile scenes
MOBILE SCENES
Production Year: 2016
Invert on: Lee Broom
Usage Area In Example: Enstalasyon Studio
Source: (Hobson,2016)

Mobile stages, studios, exhibitions, or theaters that are motion-enabled can be moved from one city to another city, as well
as offer the possibility of moving from one place to another. The fact that a structure that exists (a vehicle or a micro-
volume area) can disappear by moving or transforming and re-decking into another space, that is, it can be installed and
dismantled, recreated, or replaced between existence and nonexistence during the process of virtualization, The decoupling
of a scene shot on the TV series sets followed by another location shooting in the same area is an example of this variable
or nonexistent transition space. This situation profits from time and cost, as well as destroying the perception of borders.
Being mobile, which provides variety and functionality, can create changes in the perception of time and place.
Real Space Transition Space Virtual Space

(Hobson, 2016)

In Table 3, the use of the mobile stage, its difference from real/virtual space, advantages,
disadvantages, and the way of handling it within the scope of the study are explained with visuals.
4. Conclusion and Suggestions
Within the framework of the study, real space, virtual space, and transition spaces were conceptually
explained and examined through examples. As a result of the study, the characteristics of the places
are given in Table 4.
Table 4. Features of spaces
FEATURES OF SPACES
Real Space Transition Space Virtual Space
Concrete Concrete + Abstract Abstract
Physically Experienced Physically + Physically Experienced Mentally Experienced
Existing Between İmaginary space and existing Imaginart Space
Perception of time Time variability, leap Time perception incomprehensible
Limited Limited + Limitless Limitless
Definite, permanent, unchanging Changeable, portable, mobile, temporary Indefinite, changeable, fluid
3D 3D+4D 2D+3D+4D
Material Material + Without material Without material
Not Electronically based Electronic based+not based Electronic based+not based
Interactive Interactive + Non-Interactive Non- Interactive

Real spaces are concrete-based, physically experiential, existing, time and place perceptible, have
boundaries, take a lot of time to change, are 3-dimensional, material, interactive, and non-electronic-
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based spaces; Virtual spaces are abstract, mentally experienced, disappearing, time and place
perception cannot be grasped, unlimited, fluid, changeable, uncertain, have different dimensions, and
are electronically based or non-electronically based spaces; Transition spaces, on the other hand, can
be experienced both abstractly and concretely, physically and mentally; there can be inter-existence,
time variability, and deceleration; boundaries can be defined or unlimited; interactive or not;
electronically based or not; changeable, portable, mobile, and temporary spaces. Table 5 shows the
comparisons between the locations.
Table 5. Comparison of spaces
COMPARISON OF SPACES
Real Space Transition Space Virtual Space
Tactile Perception ✓ ✓ -
Visual Perception ✓ ✓ ✓
Auditory Perception ✓ ✓ -
Odor Perception ✓ - -
Error Tolerance - ✓ ✓
Change in Desing (Revised) - ✓ ✓
Saving on time - ✓ ✓
While there is a completely direct relationship between the types of perception in physically
experienced, existing real spaces, it seems that margins of error tolerance, design revisions, and time
savings make it more difficult to make changes due to user requests or errors that occur than in other
spaces. Transitional spaces are spaces that have a margin of error tolerance while addressing tactile,
visual, auditory, and tactile perception sensations, and offer the opportunity to save time by revising
the design. Thanks to the correct design, planning, and developing technology, it becomes easier to
experience spaces, and being able to intervene and change them instantly reduces the error rate in
practice and has a positive impact. With these interventions, time savings are provided, as well as an
economically more advantageous situation will be achieved.
As a result, the planning process should be well-designed and considered before the space is created.
Although the space that remains virtual during the planning process is not physically experienced, the
desired interior solutions can be reached mentally with 2-dimensional sketches, drawings, or unlimited
changes in the 3-dimensional environment in a short time. With this study conducted on transition
spaces located in the virtuality and reality interface, it has been seen that the flexibility, ease of
changeability, immensity, diversity, and timelessness of space facilitate the transition from a physically
existing space to another space, where the necessary functions or spaces can be deciphered without
building new buildings, and the space that is being transitioned can be experienced mentally. In
addition, it is thought that marketing services in the architecture sector can be facilitated by the use
of transition spaces, interventions in the spaces that people want can be faster and more practical,
and errors can be minimized.
Acknowledgments and Information Note
The article complies with national and international research and publication ethics. The study also did
not require the approval of the ethics committee.
Author Contribution and Conflict of Interest Declaration Information
Each author contributed to the article at the same rate. There is no conflict of interest.

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