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Cybersecurity involves protecting digital systems and data from unauthorized access and threats such as malware, phishing, ransomware, and DDoS attacks. Effective defense strategies include using firewalls, antivirus software, encryption, and multi-factor authentication, along with best practices like strong passwords and regular software updates. As the cybersecurity landscape evolves with remote work and IoT, organizations must continuously adapt their security measures to mitigate risks.

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Class note 4

Cybersecurity involves protecting digital systems and data from unauthorized access and threats such as malware, phishing, ransomware, and DDoS attacks. Effective defense strategies include using firewalls, antivirus software, encryption, and multi-factor authentication, along with best practices like strong passwords and regular software updates. As the cybersecurity landscape evolves with remote work and IoT, organizations must continuously adapt their security measures to mitigate risks.

Uploaded by

sayiba9327
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cybersecurity Basics

Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting digital systems, networks, and


data from unauthorized access, damage, or theft. As society becomes
increasingly reliant on digital technology, cybersecurity has become
essential for individuals, businesses, and governments.

There are many types of cyber threats. Malware, including viruses, worms,
and spyware, is software designed to damage or disrupt systems. Phishing
attacks use deceptive emails or messages to trick users into revealing
personal information. Ransomware encrypts a victim’s data and demands
payment for its release. Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks
overwhelm a network with traffic, causing it to crash.

To defend against these threats, various cybersecurity tools and strategies


are used. Firewalls act as barriers between secure internal networks and
untrusted external networks. Antivirus software detects and removes
malicious programs. Encryption protects sensitive data by converting it into
unreadable code. Multi-factor authentication adds an extra layer of security
by requiring multiple forms of verification.

Best practices in cybersecurity include using strong, unique passwords and


updating them regularly, keeping software and systems up to date with the
latest security patches, and educating users on how to recognize and avoid
common threats. Regular backups are also essential in case data is lost or
compromised.

Cybersecurity professionals often perform risk assessments to identify


vulnerabilities and implement measures to mitigate them. They also develop
incident response plans to handle breaches effectively. Frameworks like the
NIST Cybersecurity Framework provide guidelines for managing and
improving cybersecurity efforts.

With the rise of remote work, mobile devices, and the Internet of Things
(IoT), the cybersecurity landscape is constantly changing. Organizations
must stay vigilant and adapt their security strategies to address new
challenges.

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