YEAR 7 ICT Scheme of work for 3RD TERM

Week Topics

1 Revision

2. Importance of Computer as a
processing tool
3. Devices

4. Types of computer

5 Uses of the computer

6. Advantages and
disadvantages of computer
7and 8 Types of computer keyboard

9. Pointing devices

10. The mouse

11. Revision

WEEK 1 REVISION

Computer Processing
Computer processing is an action or series of actions that a microprocessor,
also known as a central processing unit (CPU), in a computer performs when it
receives information. The CPU is a type of electronic “brain” for a computer
system, and it executes a series of instructions that are fed to it by software
programs installed onto a computer’s hard drive and loaded into random access
memory (RAM). Though modern computer systems have become much faster
and more complex than their earlier counterparts, they still perform the same
basic type of computer processing.

WEEK 2

Topic Importance of Computer as a Tool For Processing Data

Computer is the most powerful machine in today's world. It has become the need in
everyone's life. A computer can perform task very quickly and accurately. Computer
has its own features and characteristics.
Some of the important characteristics of computer as a tool for processing
are described below:

Speed

The data processed using computer system is done at a very fast rate which other
machine cannot.Speed of computer maybe defined as the time taken by a computer
to perform a task. It takes only a few seconds for the calculations that we take hours
to solve. Its speed is measured in term of MHZ (Mega Hertz).

Accuracy

The computers are the accurate machine that can perform large number of tasks
without errors, but if we feed wrong data to the computer it returns the same wrong
information called GIGO (Garbage In Garbage Out).

Reliability: Computers are the most reliable machine that has ever Exist in human history
therefore any information obtained from computer processed data is highly reliable.

Diligence

The capacity of computer of performing repetitive task without getting tired is called
diligence. A computer is free from tiredness, lack of concentration, fatigue etc
therefore it can work for hours without creating any errors.

Versatility

The capacity of computer of performing more than one task at the same time is called
versatility of computer. Versatility means the capacity to perform different types of
work completely.

Storage
Computer has mass storage section where we can store large volume of date for
future use. Such data are easily accessible when needed. Magnetic disk, magnetic
tape and optical disk are used as mass storage devices

Automatic

Computer is an automatic machine which works without the intervention of the user.
The user is required to give the data and utilize the result but the process is
automatic.

WEEK 3
Device

In general, a device is a machine designed for a purpose. A computer can be

considered a device.

In the context of computer technology, a device is a unit of hardware, that is capable

of providing input to the essential computer, receiving output or even performing both
input and output operation. Computer devices can be referred to as hardware
components such as: keyboards, mouse, display monitors, hard disk drives, CD-ROM
players, printers, audio speakers and microphones, and other hardware units.

Peripherals are sometimes used as synonyms for devices or any input/output unit.

Class of devices
 1. Mechanical devices :
A machine is a tool containing one or more parts that uses energy to perform
an intended action. Machines are usually powered by mechanical means. An
example of mechanical device is a Generating set.
2. Electrical device :
A device that produces electricity or powered by electricity. Electrical circuit
devices have no decision making capability: Example is an electric Iron
3. Electronic Device :
This is a device that accomplishes its purpose electronically with the capability
of making decisions. These include lightweight consumer electronic device that
looks like a hand-held computer which has operational capabilities.
Early counting Device

Abacus
The earliest counting device. It was invented so many years ago.

Napier’s bones
Invented by John Napier In 1614

Slide Rule

In 1620, William Oughtred developed a device called slide

rule.
 Leibniz's Calculating Machine
Gottfried Leibniz,In 1671 he developed a machine which is also called Stepped
Reckoner.

Analytical Engine
Charles Babbage developed a machine called Analytical Engine in 1833. He is the
Father of Computer Science.

Punched Card
Dr. Herman Hollerith developed punched cards to solve the problem in American
census in the year 1886-1887

EXERCISE
1. Define Device
2. State the classes of devices
 WEEK 4

TYPES OF COMPUTER
There are three basic kinds of computers. The following are the three types.

Digital Computer

a computer that processes information in digital form. They convert the data into
digits (binary digits 0 and 1) and all operations are carried out on these digits at
extremely fast rates. Digital Computers are much faster than analog computers and
far more accurate. Computers used for business and scientific applications are digital
computers.

Analog Computer

A computer that represents data by measurable quantities in order to solve a

problem, rather than by expressing the data as numbers. Computations are carried
out with physical quantities such as voltage, length, current, temperature etc. for
example voltmeter, Speedometer, ammeter. Analog computers operate by measuring
rather than counting, but accuracy is poor. An electronic weighing scale is an example
of an analog computer.

Hybrid Computer

Hybrid computers utilize the best qualities of both the digital and analog computers. In
these computers some calculations take place in analog manner and rest of them take
place in digital manner. Hybrid computers are best used in hospital where analog part
is responsible for measurement of patient’s heart beat, blood pressure, and then the
operation is carried out in digital fashion to monitor patient’s vital sign. Hybrid
computers are also used in weather forecasting.

EXERCISE

State and explain the three types of computer

 WEEK FIVE

COMPUTER USES
The computer can be used in different fields such as
Internet

The computer helps people to connect with other computer users worldwide. One can
browse through much more information over the internet than you could do in a library.

Medicine

With the help of computers you can diagnose

disease and learn about studies related to them. Computer is used for performing
surgery too. They are also used to store patient records, and other information.
Banks

All financial transactions such as deposit, payments funds transfer e.t.c are
done by computer software. It provides security, speed, and convenience.
Travel

One can book air tickets or railway tickets using the Internet, and make hotel
reservations online

Telecommunications
Computer is widely used in telecommunication industries for overall
connectivity, maintenance, engineering and monitoring of the networks. Also, all
mobile phones have software in them, making it easier to handle certain tasks.

Defense

Computers are used in the military with Software embedded in almost every
weapon, such as in controlling flight and targeting, in ballistic missiles.

School E-Learning
 Instead of studying from textbooks,
computers make it easier to learn from an e-learning software. These are
available electronically online, and are accessible either freely or through a
course that one pays for

Examinations
You can take online exams and get instant results. You can also check your
examination results online which saves one from a lot of hassles

Business
Shops and supermarkets use Computer software that calculates a customer's
bills, as well as keeps track of how much is made monthly.

ATMs

The computer software authenticates the

user through his/her credit/debit card, before it dispenses cash.

News
There are many websites through which you can read the latest news, as well as
access old articles and videos related to a past event.
Airplanes

Pilots train using software, which simulates

a flight to help aircraft both big and small, to take off and land.

Weather Analysis
Supercomputers are used to predict weather conditions

EXERCISE
State the uses of computer

WEEK SIX
Advantages of using computers for information processing
include
Tasks can be completed faster because computers work at
amazing speed.
Computers can process large amounts of data and generate
error-free results, provided that the data is entered correctly.
Computers can store enormous amounts of data for future
use.
The high reliability of components inside modern computers
enables computers to produce consistent results.
You can download any amount of material through computer.
All your arithmetical problems can be easily sorted out
through computer,

Through video conferencing you can see each other and talk
with any body living in any part of the world
Efficiency and productivity can be raised.
Running cost becomes lower in the long term.
Tasks can be completed with little human intervention (i.e.,
automatic).
Overall security can be raised due to less human intervention.
Customer services can be improved due to more efficient
management and operations.
Computers with communicating capability can share data and
information with other computers.
Disadvantages of using computers for information processing include
Initial investment cost can be high.
Extra cost is required to employ specialized staff to operate
and design the data processing system.
Some jobs may be lost due to computerization and thus lower
the morale of staff members.
Some staff has to be trained or retrained.
Face-to-face interactions among staff may be reduced.
Makes you vulnerable to cyber crimes
 One can be laud into cybercrimes or even be a victim
Too much use of the computer a student can cause ill effect
on his / her education

Exercise
1. What is computer processing ?
2. State 4 advantages of using computer for information
processing
3. State 4 advantages of using computer for information
processing

Prolong Use of the computer can cause the following on our health

1. Lack of Physical Activity cause laziness.

2. Causes poor blood circulation Due to Using computer for long hours This
causes fatigue in the limbs, painful cramps and blood clots.

3. Skipping meals : While working on a computer we often tend to forget to

eat and end up skipping meals.

4. Can result in overeating and obesity : Moreover prolonged sitting and no

movement causes fat to accumulate inside our bodies and risk obesity.

5. Poor sitting position/Poor posture causes body-ache

6. Causes headache : Using computers for long hours can cause severe
headache

7. Poor eye sight : Constantly staring at the monitor screen stresses out our
eyes and makes them dry and sore.

8. Can lead to insomnia : staying awake and giving up sleep to use computer
and internet could cause adverse effects to the brain and health

9. Has an ill effect on education: Students can easily access social media
sites and explicit contents which are biggest distractions for the
youngsters.
 10. Makes you vulnerable to cyber crimes: One can be laud into
cybercrimes or even be a victim.

11. An unhealthy addiction : once you have become an active user it

isn’t very difficult to get caught in the addiction.

12. Results in an Inactive social life

People tend to spend more time on computer chatting with friends rather
than going out and hanging out to spend time with them.

EXERCISE
1. State 7 advantages of the computer
2. Mention 4 disadvantages

WEEK SEVEN AND EIGHT

TYPES OF COMPUTER KEYBOARDS

1. Ergonomic Keyboard
2. Flexible Keyboard
3. Gaming Keyboard
4. Internet Keyboard
5. Laptop Keyboard
6. Laser Keyboard
7. Mini Keyboard
8. Multimedia Keyboard
9. Numeric Keyboard
10. Portable Keyboard
11. Trackball Keyboard
12. Wireless Keyboard
 Classification By Size
Standard keyboard, laptop-size keyboard, thumb-size keyboard and numeric
keyboard.
Standard keyboards are used with PC, laptop-size keyboard come with laptop,
not sale alone. Thumb-size keyboard are small enough to be carried to
anywhere.

CORRECT SITTING POSITION

How to Sit at a Computer
Sitting at a computer for long periods of time can affect your body. Here are
some tips on maintaining good ergonomics and staying comfortable at your
desk during the day

Steps
1

Sit up tall.Push your hips as far back as they

can go in the chair. Adjust the seat height so that your feet are flat on the floor
and your knees equal to, or slightly lower than, your hips.
2

Sit close to your keyboard.Position it so that

it is directly in front of your body.
3

Adjust the keyboard height.Make sure your

shoulders are relaxed, your elbows are in a slightly open position, and your
wrists and hands are straight.
4

Adjust the tilt of your keyboard based on your

sitting position.
5

Use wrist rests.They will help maintain neutral

postures and pad hard surfaces

6
 Position your monitor properly. Center the
monitor directly in front of you, above your keyboard.

Position the source documents directly in front of

you.
8

Take short 1-2 minute stretchbreaks every 20-30 minutes. After each hour of
work, take a break or change tasks for at least 5-10 minutes. Always try to get
away from your computer during lunch breaks.

*.Avoid eye fatigue by resting and refocusing your eyes periodically.

10

Exercise your hand by pushing on top of your

fingers, and using backward resistance movements.
EXSRCISE
1. Mention 5 types of keyboard
2. Describe the correct sitting position while using the computer

WEEK NINE

POINTING DEVICES

A pointer represents a small symbol on the screen. It usually appears on the

screen in Graphical User Interface (GUI) environment. A pointing device is an
input device. It is used to control the movement ofthe pointer or cursor on the
screen. It can also be used for:
1. Sending command signals to the computer.
2. Selecting items on the screen.
3. Selecting commands from commands menu.
4. Drawing graphs etc.
Most Important Pointing Devices
The most important pointing devices are as follows:
1. Mouse
2. Trackball
3. Pointing Stick
4. Joystick
5. Touch Pad
6. Touch Screen
7. Light Pen
8. Digitizer/Graphic Tablet
 WEEK TEN

Mouse
Mouse is the most commonly used pointing input devise. It is used to control
the cursor or pointer on the screen and to give commands to the computer. It is
very easy to use. The mouse is attached with the computer by a cable or
wireless connection.The top of mouse contains one wheel and 2 buttons. These
buttons can be clicked or double
clicked to perform different tasks.

Two Types of Mouse

The most popular types of mouse are as follows:

(i) Mechanical Mouse: It has a small ball at the bottom. The ball rotates as the
mouse is rolled over a flat surface. As the mouse is rolled over the flat surface,
the pointermoves in the same direction on the screen.
(ii) Optical Mouse: It has no ball at the bottom. It uses the laser technology to
detect the mouse movement. Nowadays, it is commonly used in personal
computers (PCs).
2-Trackball
A trackball is a pointing input device. It has move-able ball on its top. The ball
is rotated or rolled with fingers (or palm of the hand) to move the pointer on the
screen.
3- Touch Pad
Touch pad is also known as track pad. It is a small, flat surface over which a
user slides fingertip to move the pointer on the screen.Touch Pad is normally
used with laptops.

4- Pointing Stick
It looks like a pencil eraser. It exists between keys of keyboard. It is used to
control the movement of a pointer on the screen and is normally used with
laptop computers.
5- Joystick
Joystick consists of a vertical handle or hand-held stick mounted on a base. It
is used to control the movement of pointer on the screen. It is basically used to
play video games

6- Touch Screen
 A touch screen is a special video display screen. Input is given to the
computer directly by touching the screen with user fingertip.

7- Light Pen
The light pen is a hand-held pointing input device.It looks like a pen
connected with the computer by a wire.Input is given to the computer directly
by touching the screen with pen.

8- Digitizer or Graphics Tablet

Digitizer is used for drawing new images usually, it is used for making maps
andengineering drawings. A digitizer is also known as graphics tablet
Mouse Techniques
Using the mouse involves five techniques:
1. Pointing:Move the mouse to move the on-screen pointer.
2. Clicking:Press and release the left mouse button once.
3. Double-Clicking:Press and release the left mouse button twice.
4. Dragging:Hold down the left mouse button as you move the pointer.
5. Right-Clicking:Press and release the right mouse button.
6. Hover : Move the mouse pointer over an item and let it remain there
without clicking either mouse button.
7. Ctrl – Clicking : This technique is useful when selecting multiple files or
folders
8. Shift+clicking : lets you select a series of contiguous files.
9. Scrolling : Roll the wheel away from you to scroll up, roll it towards you to
scroll down.
10. Right dragging-and-dropping an object pops up a menu of
options that let you choose whether to Copy or Move the object