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2223 SPC F2 Unit 8 Electricity (Student_s Version)

The document is a comprehensive guide for a unit on Electricity in an Integrated Science course, covering topics such as circuit symbols, simple circuits, electric current, voltage, resistance, and practical applications like fuses and STEM projects. It includes various assignments, scientific investigations, and experimental procedures designed to enhance understanding of electrical concepts. Additionally, it provides resources for further reading and practical examinations.

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211113
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
5 views41 pages

2223 SPC F2 Unit 8 Electricity (Student_s Version)

The document is a comprehensive guide for a unit on Electricity in an Integrated Science course, covering topics such as circuit symbols, simple circuits, electric current, voltage, resistance, and practical applications like fuses and STEM projects. It includes various assignments, scientific investigations, and experimental procedures designed to enhance understanding of electrical concepts. Additionally, it provides resources for further reading and practical examinations.

Uploaded by

211113
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 41

The Shocking Facts

2022-23 F.2 Integrated Science


Unit 8 Electricity

Cyrus Lee
Name: ________________________________ Class:ZF
______ ( n )
Contents
Unit 8 Electricity .................................................................................................................. 2
8.1 Circuit Symbols and Circuit Diagram ......................................................................... 2
8.2 Simple Circuit ............................................................................................................ 3
8.3 Electric Current, Heating Effect and Fuse .................................................................. 5
Assignment: Fuse ..................................................................................................... 7
8.4 Voltage, Current and Resistance................................................................................. 8
Scientific Investigation: Voltage, Current and Resistance ......................................... 9
Assignment: Ohm’s Law ......................................................................................... 14
8.5 Resistance ................................................................................................................ 15
(a) Scientific Investigation: Factors affecting the resistance of a wire ................. 15
Assignment: Factors affecting the resistance of a wire ........................................... 18
(b) Rheostat ........................................................................................................ 20
Assignment: Rheostat ............................................................................................. 24
8.6 Mains Voltage and Domestic Circuits ...................................................................... 26
Practical Examination............................................................................................ 27
8.7 STEM Project – DIY a power toy ............................................................................ 29
8.8 Further Reading ....................................................................................................... 32
(a) Is Silicon a Metal? ........................................................................................ 32
(b) Who Discovered Electricity? ......................................................................... 34
(c) Promotion of Electric Vehicles ...................................................................... 36
8.9 Check Your Understanding ...................................................................................... 38
8.10 Reference Table ....................................................................................................... 40

2022-23 F.2 Integrated Science Unit 8 Page 1


Unit 8 Electricity
8.1 Circuit Symbols and Circuit Diagram
Pre-lesson Task https://youtu.be/r4xWwUkw6ec
Read textbook (2A) P.84, and watch the following video. Then complete the
questions below:
Electrical component Circuit symbol Function
e lectrons
Gives energy to the _______________ in a
cell
Pry circuit

Wire current around the circuit


Carries ____________

↓ isconnected
Allows part of the circuit to be ___________
Switch

bulb light
Gives off ________ when electricity is
Light passed through it
Restricts the flow of current in a circuit
____________
Resistor
varies
____________ the current flowing through a
heostat
R circuit
current in a circuit, which
Measures the ________
Ammeter series
must be connected in _________
Measures the voltage across a component,
voltmeter
parallel
which must be connected in _________
Indicates the junction of wires
Junction

Which of the following is / are correct way(s) to draw some batteries? Circle the correct
answer(s).

00
2022-23 F.2 Integrated Science Unit 8 Page 2
8.2 Simple Circuit

You are going to build a simple circuit to light an LED light bulb. You are provided
with the following materials:
Plastic bag and label × 1 Wire ×3
LED light bulb ×2 Swtich ×1
1.5V AA dry cell ×2 Small binder clip ×1
AA Battery holder ×2

Refer to Textbook (2A) P.178-179 for the guidelines to draw a circuit diagram. Draw the
circuit diagram of the circuit to light a light bulb.


Question:

O
Which of the following circuits does the bulb light up? Circle the correct answer.
A. B. C. D.

Conclusion:
cell
closed (open / closed) circuit with a source of electrical energy, e.g. __________,
A/An ____________ a

dry
is required for electricity to flow.

2022-23 F.2 Integrated Science Unit 8 Page 3


Question:
You are provided with a dry cell, a buzzer, wires and a testing object, e.g. a graphite rod or a
glass rod. Design a circuit to test whether the testing object is a conductor or an insulator. Draw
the circuit diagram of your set-up.

(Given: circuit symbol of a buzzer: )

Extension: Wire-loop Game


Pre-lesson Task:
In the coming lesson, you are going to make a wire-loop game. Both the
wire maze and loop are conductors. The buzzer will sound once the loop
touches the wire maze.
https://youtu.be/L1fYtYzg2Lo
Watch the video and draw ONLY THREE
connecting wires in the figure below to complete the circuit of the wire-loop game.

③2 ②

Reference: Textbook (2A) P. 75 - 86


Assignment: Workbook (2A) P. 30 - 35
2022-23 F.2 Integrated Science Unit 8 Page 4
8.3 Electric Current, Heating Effect and Fuse

https://youtu.be/rpsdnr04KE0
Pre-lesson Task
1. Watch the video and complete the questions below:
a. switch opens, the charged particles are prevented from passing through.
When the _________
b. closed so as to create a complete
For the light bulb to turn on, the switch must be _________
path for the charged particles to flow.
c. current
The number of charged particles that pass by each second is referred as the __________.
d. battery
The charged particles flow through the light bulb because the _________ causes them to
zotential
have a higher _____________ energy on one side of the light bulb than the other. This
I
voltage
potential energy is referred as the ___________.
e. Which of the following is / are true?
-If both sides of a light bulb are at the same voltage, no current will pass through it.

 When the voltage of the light bulb increases, the current flowing through the light bulb
decreases.
r
 When the current flowing through the light bulb is higher, the light bulb is brighter.

2. Watch the following video, observe the wax and the nichrome wire.

https://youtu.be/SUEDHo5nF70

a. What can you observe about the wax on the nichrome wire when the current increases?
The wax melts
______________________________________________________________________

b. What can you observe about the nichrome wire when the current further increases?
thermal energy
The richrome wire becomes let hot and
glows --
of current
______________________________________________________________________

c. You observed the heating effect of electric current. Write the energy conversion
occurring in the nichrome wire above.
-> thermal
Electrical
energy
It
______________________________________________________________________
energy light energy)
the more current,
2022-23 F.2 Integrated Science Unit 8 Page 5
the more heat
In-class Activity
1. You are provided with a power supply (8V), a light
bulb, a switch and an ammeter. Draw a circuit
diagram to show how the current is measured in the
circuit. A

Electric current can be measured by an -m

ammeter which is connected in __________


___________, series
(parallel / series). The unit of current is _________
amperes
A
(______).

2. Add a thick tungsten wire in series to the light bulb in your circuit.

3. Observe the light bulb and tungsten wire. Does the tungsten wire or light bulb burn out?
Record the experimental results below.
Does the tungsten wire Does the light bulb burn
burn out? out?
Thick Tungsten Wire No Yes
Thin Tungsten Wire Yes No
4. Replace the thick tungsten wire with a thin tungsten wire. Observe the light bulb and
tungsten wire. Record the experimental results above.
5. fuse
Your teacher will give you two fuses. There is a number on the fuse called the _______
rating This shows the maximum current that can flow through the fuse without
_________.
causing the fuse to blow.
6. Observe the thickness of the wires in the fuses. What is the
relationship between the thickness of wire and fuse rating?
the fuse rating
when the wire is
thicker,
__________________________________________________
is
higher.
Note: A fuse will blow and break a circuit if the current is above its fuse rating
______ _________. We
higher
can choose a fuse with fuse rating slightly ________ (higher / lower) than the current
under normal operation to protect electrical appliances.

2022-23 F.2 Integrated Science Unit 8 Page 6


Assignment: Fuse

1. Steven purchases a universal adaptor with four USB ports. The ratings of the USB
ports are ‘1 A’, ‘1 A’, ‘2 A’ and ‘2 A’ respectively. (Assume that the ports can deliver
the current according to the rating even if they are used at the same time.)

USB Port

[
(a) If all the USB ports are used to charge electronic devices at the same time, what is
the total current flowing through the universal adaptor?
Current 1A -11A-12A -12A i. BA
______________________________________________________________________
=

(b) Which fuse, a 2 A, 5 A or 8 A fuse, is the most suitable to be installed in this


universal adaptor?
8A ease /
______________________________________________________________________


(c) If the fuse of the adaptor blows, how can Steven fix the adaptor?
the ease with a new
______________________________________________________________________
He can
replace
2. Choose a suitable fuse (0.5A, 1A, 3A or 5A) for the following electrical appliances.
Electrical Current drawn under Fuse rating
appliance normal operation
Microwave oven 4.5A 5A
Rice cooker 2A 3A
TV 0.8A 1A

Reference: Textbook (2A) P. 88-95, 150-153


Assignment: Workbook (2A) P. 36-39 Unit 8.3, except B#2 and D#3

2022-23 F.2 Integrated Science Unit 8 Page 7


8.4 Voltage, Current and Resistance
Pre-lesson Task
Study the textbook (2A) P.101-102. Fill in the blanks.

Voltage is the electricial push that makes free electrons flow in a circuit. Voltage in a circuit
voltmeterThe unit of voltage is rolt
can be measured by a ___________. V
______ (_____).

- just voltage
on U
A circuit diagram to measure
the voltage across one dry cell
Study textbook (2A) P.104. Draw the circuit diagram in Step 1.

v
paralell
*
E0o<
I
&

O -
& -

series (-2)
A circuit diagram to measure the current in a circuit
and voltage across the dry cell

Study textbook P.108. Fill in the blanks.

opposition
Resistance is the ______________ of a material to the flow of free electrons. The unit of
on (_____).
resistance is ______

2022-23 F.2 Integrated Science Unit 8 Page 8


Scientific Investigation: Voltage, Current and Resistance
Part 1

1. Aim of experiment: To find out how voltage affects current in a circuit.

2. Materials and Apparatus

Dry cell ×3 Ammeter ×1


Connecting wire ×5 Light bulb ×1
Voltmeter ×1 Switch ×1

3. Hypothesis: When the voltage in a circuit is higher, the current is __________ ( higher /
lower ).

4. Design of Experiment

Draw a circuit diagram of the set-up.

*
I
&

-
O
&

Table of Variables

Independent variable Dependent variable Controlled variables

Vo
Hay 2of the reading of cometer

circut No. of bulbs


light
1. _________________________
No. of switches
2. _________________________

No. of
wires
3. _________________________

2022-23 F.2 Integrated Science Unit 8 Page 9


5. Experimental Procedure

1. series (parallel
Connect a switch, a light bulb, a dry cell, and an ammeter in a ________
/ series) circuit.
2. parallel
Connect a voltmeter across the dry cell, i.e. in __________ (parallel / series) with
the dry cell.
3. Measure the voltage and current.
4. Observe the brightness of the light bulb (high / medium / low).
5. Add one more dry cell and repeat step 1 to 4.
6. Experimental Results

Number of dry cells 1 2 3


Voltmeter reading (V)
7.4 2.7 4

8.
Ammeter reading (A)
0.
7 0.9
Brightness of the bulb
(high / medium / low)
med in m

bigh
Draw a graph of current against voltage in the circuit.
A
graph of current against voltage
in a circut.
______________________________________________________________

0.9-
0.8-
teacher's
result
-
0.7- X
current A
_________(____)
0.0 - X

0.5-

f I I I - I
O S
2 3 4 5
voltag
__________________
e
y
(______)

2022-23 F.2 Integrated Science Unit 8 Page 10


7. Question

Describe the shape of the graph above.

increases (inearly
When the voltage in a circuit increases, the current ________________________.

8. Conclusion

higher
When the voltage in a circuit is higher, the current is _____________.

Part 2

1. Aim of experiment: To find out how resistance affects current in a circuit.

2. Materials and Apparatus

Circuit board ×1 Voltmeter ×1


Dry cell ×3 Ammeter ×1
Connecting wire ×5 Light bulb ×1
Resistors × 1 set Switch ×1

3. Hypothesis: When the resistance in a circuit is higher, the current is __________( higher
/ lower ).

4. Design of Experiment

Draw a circuit diagram of the set-up.

2022-23 F.2 Integrated Science Unit 8 Page 11


Table of Variables

Independent variable Dependent variable Controlled variables


resistance of
resistors Reading of ammeter
Number of lightbulbs
1. _________________________

Number of switches
2. _________________________

Number of dry
3. _________________________
cells
4. Number of wires

5. Experimental Procedure

1. series
Connect a switch, a light bulb, two dry cells, a resistor, an ammeter in a ________
(parallel / series) circuit.
2. Measure the current.
3. Observe the brightness of the light bulb (high / medium / low).
4. Repeat Step 1 to 3 using another resistor.

6. Experimental Results

Resistance (Ω) 7. O 9.3


4.T
Ammeter reading (A)
0.2 8. 14 0.06
Brightness of the bulb
(high / medium / low) low to w
low

2022-23 F.2 Integrated Science Unit 8 Page 12


Draw a graph of current against resistance in the circuit.
circuit
Graph of current against
resistance in the
______________________________________________________________

Current LAS

7. Question resistance(s)
Describe the shape of the graph above.

decreases
When the resistance in a circuit increases, the current ________________________.

8. Conclusion

When the resistance in a circuit is


higher,
the
_____________________________________________________________________

9. Discussion
current is lower.

Explain the experimental result in part 2:

A circut of higher resistance has


stronger opposition
_____________________________________________________________________

the flow of electric current, and therefore


*

_____________________________________________________________________
&electrons)
the current
decreases.

2022-23 F.2 Integrated Science Unit 8 Page 13


Assignment: Ohm’s Law
Go to the following website and get the simulation data:
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/ohms-law/latest/ohms-law_en.html
or download an iPad app: Ohm’s Law. (https://apps.apple.com/us/app/ohms-law/id389305829)

=n IA 1000mA -

Set Voltage (V) Current (mA) Resistance (Ω)


A 1.5
(1.51-500)+1000=3.0 500 X2
B 3.0 (3.0%500)×1000=6.0 500
C 1.5 1.5 1.51%-00=1000
D ✓ 3.0 1000 L
0.003×1000=3.0

1. To keep the same resistance, we can compare the relationship between voltage and
A and ____.
current by using the data of sets ____ B
directly proportional
Voltage is _______________________
(directly proportional / inversely proportional) to the current.

2. To keep the same current, we can compare the relationship between voltage and
A and ____.
resistance by using the data of sets ____ D Voltage is
directly
the resistance.
prop Atonal
______________________________ (directly proportional / inversely proportional) to

3. By using the data of sets A and C, we can compare the relationship between current and

inversely proportional
resistance Current is ________________________ (directly proportional / inversely
__________.

-¥z
proportional) to the resistance.
current
resistance
current ×_______________
Voltage = __________
(A)

Reference: Textbook (2A)


(A)

P. 100 - 110
(A)
r=÷
Assignment: Workbook (2A) P. 39 - 41 Unit 8.4

2022-23 F.2 Integrated Science Unit 8 Page 14


8.5 Resistance
Pre-lesson Task https://youtu.be/k_yzJ4U9N4A

Watch the video and answer the following questions.

1. Resistance measures the opposition of a material to the flow of electric

/
current.
T ~ F
2. Insulators have low resistance while conductors have high resistance.
T F

3. A student connects four resistors separately (R1, R2,R3, R4) to a 1.5 V Current
electric cell. The currents flowing through the four resistors are shown R1 0.5 A
in the table on the right.
R2 0.2 A a
lea
->

Which resistor has the highest resistance?


 R1 /
 R2  R3  R4 R3 0.8 A

4. Which of the following copper wires has the smallest resistance? R4 0.6 A
 A copper wire of length 0.5 m and thickness of 0.5 mm
vA copper wire of length 0.5 m and thickness of 1 mm

 A copper wire of length 1 m and thickness of 0.5 mm
 A copper wire of length 1 m and thickness of 1 mm

T F
r
5. A rheostat is a circuit component with a fixed value of resistance.

In-class Activity

(a) Scientific Investigation: Factors affecting the resistance of a wire


Part I
Aim: To study how the thickness of a conducting wire affects its resistance.

Apparatus and Materials


Circuit board ×1 Thin nichrome wire ×1
Dry cell ×2 Thick nichrome wire ×1
Switch ×1 Ammeter ×1
Light bulb ×1 Wire ×4

2022-23 F.2 Integrated Science Unit 8 Page 15


lover
0
Hypothesis: A thicker wire has__________( higher / lower ) resistance than a thinner wire.

Experimental Procedures
1. Refer to the textbook (2A) P.111, and draw the circuit diagram of the set-up. Connect the
circuit using the thin nichrome wire. Controlled vahlables
of wire
-

length
wire
01017 -

material of
is _
no . of electric cells
-
lightbulbs
2. Close the switch and record the ammeter reading.
3. Repeat Steps 1 and 2 using the thick nichrome wire.

Experimental Results

Wire used Thick Thin


copper nichrome copper nichrome
Ammeter reading (A)
Turret 0.3 / 0.28 0.28 / 0.22

Conclusion
lower higher / lower ) resistance than a thinner wire.
A thicker wire has__________(
0

2022-23 F.2 Integrated Science Unit 8 Page 16


Part II
Aim: To study how the length of a conducting wire affects its resistance.

Apparatus and Materials


Circuit board ×1 Long nichrome wire ×1
Dry cell ×2 Short nichrome wire ×1
Switch ×1 Ammeter ×1
Light bulb ×1 Wire ×4

highero
Hypothesis: A longer wire has__________( higher / lower ) resistance than a shorter wire.

Procedures and Observations


1. Refer to the textbook (2A) P.111. Connect the circuit using long nichrome wire.

2. Close the switch and record the ammeter reading.


controlled variable
-
3. Repeat Steps 1 and 2 using the short nichrome wire. -
thickness of wire
-material of wire
Experimental Results - no. of electric cells
Wire used Long
copper
Short
nichrome copper nichrome -light bulbs
Ammeter reading (A)
8.3210.3 0.34 I 0.24

Conclusion

higher
A longer wire has__________( higher / lower ) resistance than a shorter wire.

2022-23 F.2 Integrated Science Unit 8 Page 17


Assignment: Factors affecting the resistance of a wire

1. Look at the diagrams below. Use them as a comparison to explain the effect of
thickness of a wire on the resistance of the wire.

This road is so wide. I can drive smoothly!

thicker wire

↑ current→ Mgh
resist -7 low
This road is too narrow. The lorries move so slowly!

thlnnernire
ʳd*µ ☆ᵈ¥gp. ʳd*z .
ʳᵈ%og
••Ñ3-•Io •- •
WBE-o.ba •tB-•bo
current -7 -10W
resist > high
thickness of a wire. The lorries represent the
The width of the road represents the ____________
tree electronsin a circuit.
_______ ___________

higher 0
If the road is narrower, the ‘resistance’ to the lorries is _________ (higher / lower). Fewer
lorries can travel through the road in a given time. Similarly, if a wire is thinner, the resistance

higher C smaller (larger


of the wire is _________ (higher / lower). The current in the circuit will be _________
/ smaller).

18
2. Look at the diagrams below. Use them as a comparison to explain the effect of length of
a wire on the resistance of the wire.

I can go through the obstacles ahead easily.

Oh no! It’s difficult to go through all the obstacles ahead.

Reference: Textbook P.
Assignment: Workbook P.
Current of a wire. The lorries represent
The length of the road represents the ____________
tree ___________
the ______ electronsin a circuit. The obstacles represent the ___________
resistance of the wire.

If the road is longer, the ‘resistance’ to the lorries is _________ (higher / lower).
Similarly, if a wire is longer, the resistance of the wire _________ (higher / lower).

Reference: Textbook (2A) P. 110-114

19
(b) Rheostat
(i) Sliding Rheostat

Procedures and Observations


1. Set up the circuit as shown below.

2
X
Z

2. Connect the circuit with terminals P and Q, and move the sliding contact from left to
No
change
right. What is the change in the ammeter reading? ___________________________ .

3. Repeat Step 2 by connecting to the following terminals. Now move the sliding contact
from left to right and record the change in the ammeter reading.
Terminals Change in ammeter reading

;¥÷-%
-08

P and X
(increases / decreases / no change)

Decreases
1 P and Z
Increases
X and Z No change
Q and X
Decreases
Q and Z
Increases
20
Data Analysis
Draw arrows to show the flow of current in the following scenarios:
a) Connecting P and Q

->
->

NO
Does the current flow through the resistance wires? _________
b) Connecting P and X

*
When the sliding contact is moved from left to right, the current flows through a

longerreuses
___________ (longer /shorter) resistance wire. Therefore, the resistance of the rheostat
↓ ecreases(increases /
___________ (increases / decreases). As a result, the current ___________
& Immer
decreases) and the bulb becomes ___________ (brighter / dimmer).
21
c) Connecting P and Z

->
tHtHt
-
When the sliding contact is moved from left to right, the current flows through a
shorter (longer /shorter) resistance wire. Therefore, the resistance of the rheostat
___________
↓ ecreases (increases / decreases). As a result, the current ___________
___________ increases (increases /

brighter
decreases) and the bulb becomes ___________ (brighter / dimmer).

(ii)
-ARotary-type Rheostat
The diagram below shows the inside of the rotary-type rheostat when the case is
removed. move

Terminal A
- Terminal B
Terminal C

1.
2.
Terminal A
Which two terminals should be connected to the circuit? ________________________
Draw arrows to show the flow of current in the diagram above.
and
BisO
22
Classwork:
Design a circuit which can control the volume of a buzzer using the rotary-type rheostat.
1. Draw the connecting wires.

2. Draw the circuit diagram below.

Reflection

What else do you want to know more about this topic?


I want to know what occurs the difference of a
_____________________________________________________________________ 1.5Vbattery
and V (What
battery things the
change
_____________________________________________________________________
a
can

What can you do in order to find out more about this topic?
voltage?)
I

can day batteries to observe what's inside


_____________________________________________________________________
some
itI can also use to search more
google
_____________________________________________________________________ information.
Reference: Textbook (2A) P. 107-119
Assignment: Workbook (2A) P. 41-44 Unit 8.5

23
0%Assignment: Rheostat 15% Unit 8 Classwork
Late: -5M
One of the application of rotary-type rheostat is used as the volume control of speaker. Draw
arrows to show the flow of current in the following scenarios and explain the change of the
current, resistance of rheostat and the sound of speaker connected when the sliding contact is
moved clockwise:
i) Connecting A and B (A connects to the positive terminal of the dry cells)
of resistance wire

speaker
-

length move
-resistance
↑ currents flows

oo
current

&
-

-round of
↑A
thateve
lerg Terminal A S
Terminal C

wire
Terminal B
As the
length before,
of increases, the resistance
_____________________________________________________________________
will be
higherthan which means the current
_____________________________________________________________________ decreases
(so the volume of the
speaker
decreases too.
-_____________________________________________________________________
increases
ii) Connecting B and C (B connects to the positive terminal of the dry cells)

F
move

· currents flows

As the
be
Terminal A

low or than
length of wire
Terminal B
decreases, the
Terminal C

_____________________________________________________________________
will before, which means the current increases,
_____________________________________________________________________
restroy
Shatin,the
se volume of the increases.
speaker
_____________________________________________________________________

24
i) Connecting A and C (A connects to the positive terminal of the dry cells)

move

Terminal A
& Terminal B
Terminal C

As the length of the wire keeps the same,


_____________________________________________________________________
the the current and the volume of the
resistance,
_____________________________________________________________________

speaker remains
unchanged.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

S
current through the
sliding contact

( to
-
no flow

No change in resistance of the rheostat


.. No change in current
: the sound
-

25
8.6 Mains Voltage and Domestic Circuits
Pre-lesson Task
Watch the video and answer the https://youtu.be/nnmWqsxCLyI
questions below.
1. Complete the following table about the wires in a three-pin plug.

Wire Colour Function


Live (a)___________
brown  current
It carries an electric (b)__________.
(c) __________
Neutral blue  It provides a return path for the current
to complete the circuit;
 on
voltage is close to (d) __________.
Earth (e) ________
yellow  safety wire; which takes
It is a (g)__________
and (f) _______ the current away from the electrical
green
appliances and down to the earth

2. (a) Which pin is the longest in the three-pin plug?

 Live pin  Neutral pin ✓


 Earth pin
(b) Refer to textbook (2A) P.154, what is the function of the longest pin?

earth wire the current will flow through


faulty
Ha has
_______________________________________________________________ the
appliance an
,

earth theto
wire
ground
instead of through our body This protects
_______________________________________________________________
shock
.

us from
getting an electrical .

3. Fill in the blanks:

Earth
fuse

Neutral
Live

Reference: Textbook P. 138-142

26
Practical Examination

Refer to textbook P.139 – 141, you are going to wire a three-pin plug.
https://youtu.be/Ig9hkCpJ5kY

Assessment Criteria Score


Correct position of wires
Zero correct wire Two correct wires Three correct wires
0 2 4 /4
No loose strands
More than five loose One to four loose No loose strand on
stands stands all wires
0 1 2

Note: This photo is an example of


loose strands. Twist the bare
copper strands tightly to avoid
loose strands.

/2
Wires of suitable length
Unable to put the Barely able to put Able to put the cover
cover back the cover back back
0 1 2

Note: If the wires are too long, it


is difficult to put the cover back
to the plug.

/2

27
No / Small exposure of bare strands
All three stands are One or two stands All strands are
exposed are exposed covered with plastic
0 1 2

Note: This is an example of long


bare strands. If a large area of
plastic is removed, extensive
exposure of bare strands will be
resulted.

/2
Total /10

Assignment: Workbook P. 49-50 except A#4, B#2, C#1

28
8.7 STEM Project – DIY a power toy

50% Unit 8
Aim: To hand-make a power toy Classwork mark
Instructions:

In this project, you should use the DIY set provided to make a power toy. To the Google
/r 14
classroom, you should upload: (Deadline: _____________________________)

1. a video (less than 5 minutes) about the procedures of making the toy and showing the
toy is working; and
2. completed worksheet.

Materials in the DIY set:


 AA battery case ×2  LED bulb ×2
 Wires with crocodile clips ×2  Motor ×1
 Spare wires ×2

You can add other electrical components to make the toy, e.g. extra wires, other sizes of dry
cells, motors, sensors, etc. However, you should not use a ready-made toy set.

Here are some examples of DIY power toy:

1. Easy Level: Wireloop game (Booklet P.4) https://youtu.be/L1fYtYzg2Lo

2. Medium Level: Spider https://youtu.be/kogh-tSYt6M

3. Hard Level: Flying drone https://youtu.be/ENmMIrlgNzg

You are welcome to make other toys of your own choice, if you have doubts, please consult
your subject teacher.

Wireloop game Spider Flying drone

29
Design: Draw a circuit diagram of the power toy.

Light:
-
>

Spider: motor

y
Product: Attach a photo of your finished and decorated power toy.

30
Assessment rubrics Marks

Easy / medium / hard level of difficulty 10 / 20 / 30


(if students make toys other than suggested, teachers can judge by how
complicated the procedures / circuit are)

Workable set-up 0/5

Clear procedures written in the subtitle of the video 0 / 3 / 5 / 8 / 10

Circuit diagram 0/1/2/3

Photo of final product 0/2

Bonus: attractive and beautiful design with recycling materials /5

Length of video exceeding 5 minutes /-5

Late submission of work /-20

Using ready-made toy set /-30

Total /50

31
8.8 Further Reading

(a) Is Silicon a Metal?


Silicon metal is a grey and lustrous semi-conductive metal that is used to
manufacture steel, solar cells, and microchips.
Silicon is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust (behind only
oxygen) and the eighth most common element in the universe. In fact, nearly 30
percent of the weight of the earth's crust can be attributed to silicon.
A semi-metal (or metalloid), silicon possesses some properties of both metals and
non-metals.

Properties:

 Atomic Symbol: Si
 Atomic Number: 14
 Element Category: Metalloid
 Density: 2.329g/cm3
 Melting Point: 2577°F (1414°C)
 Boiling Point: 5909°F (3265°C)

An approximate way to classify semi-metals is to look at the double diagonal line


at the Periodic Table of elements: top left Boron and Aluminium, bottom right Polonium
and Astatine. Those diagonals are the semi-metals.

Source: https://www.thebalance.com/metal-profile-silicon-4019412

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semimetal

32
Read the passage and answer the following questions.
1. According to the passage, write one property that silicon and metals have in
common.

high
have melting onthe
they
both
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. In terms of the physical appearance, what is the difference between silicon and a
metal?
silicon is but metal is shinier than silicon
grey
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

3. Suggest one use of silicon.


We can make solar cell with silicon.
___________________________________________________________

4. Write any two of the other examples of semi-metals.


and
Arsenic polonium.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

5. Search the internet, to find out in what condition does semi-metal conduct
electricity.
In a condition of high temperature.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

33
(b) Who Discovered Electricity?
Electricity is a natural force that exists in our world. It didn't
have to be invented. It did, however, have to be discovered and
understood. Most people give credit to Benjamin Franklin for
discovering electricity.
Benjamin Franklin had one of the greatest scientific minds of
his time. Up until that time, scientists had mainly known about and
experimented with static electricity. Benjamin Franklin took things a
big step ahead. He came up with the idea that electricity had positive
and negative elements and that electricity flowed between these
Benjamin Franklin
elements. He also believed that lightning was a form of this flowing
electricity.
In 1752, Franklin conducted his famous kite experiment. In order to show that
lightning was electricity, he flew a kite during a thunderstorm. He tied a metal key to
the kite string to conduct the electricity.

Just as he thought, electricity from the storm clouds transferred to the kite and
electricity flowed down the string and gave him a shock. He's lucky that he didn't get
hurt, but he didn't mind the shock since it proved his idea.
Building upon Franklin's work, many other scientists studied electricity and
began to understand more about how it works. For example, in 1879, Thomas
Edison invented the electric light bulb and our world has been brighter ever since!
But was Benjamin Franklin really the first person to discover electricity?
Maybe not! At the turn of the 17th century, English scientist William Gilbert
established the science underlying the study of electricity and magnetism. Inspired
by Gilbert's work, another Englishman, Sir Thomas Browne, made further
investigations and wrote books about his findings. Gilbert and Browne are credited
with being the first scientists to use the term "electricity."

34
Scientists have found evidence that ancient peoples may have experimented
with electricity, too. In 1936, a clay pot was discovered that suggests that the first
batteries may have been invented over 2,000 years ago. The clay pot contained
copper plates, tin alloy, and an iron rod.
It could have been used to create an electric current by filling it with an acidic
solution, like vinegar. No one knows what the device was used for, but it sheds some
light on the fact that people may have been learning about electricity long before
Benjamin Franklin!

For each type of the Nature of Science listed in column 1, write down (a), (b), (c) or (d) to
match the evidence of historical event in column 2.

Column 1: Nature of Science Answer Column 2: Evidence of historical event


(1) Scientific knowledge is based a) In 1936, a clay pot was discovered that
on prior understanding of suggests that the first batteries may have
C
other concepts and theories, ______ been invented over 2,000 years ago.
then the observation is
interpreted.

(2) Doing science requires b) Just as he thought, electricity from the

d
creativity and imagination. storm clouds transferred to the kite and
______ electricity flowed down the string and gave
him a shock. He's lucky that he didn't get
hurt, but he didn't mind the shock since it
proved his idea.
(3) Science is affected by the c) Building upon Franklin's work, many other
technology and the types of scientists studied electricity and began to
equipment available over G
______ understand more about how it works.
time.

(4) Science is based on d) It could have been used to create an


evidence. electric current by filling it with an acidic
b
______
solution, like vinegar. No one knows what
the device was used for, but it sheds some
light on the fact that people may have been
learning about electricity long before
Benjamin Franklin!

35
(c) Promotion of Electric Vehicles

Background

Electric vehicles (EVs) have no greenhouse


gas emissions when operating. Replacing
conventional vehicles with EVs can help improve
roadside air quality and reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. A wider use of EVs also contributes to
the development of environmental industries.

The Hong Kong government has been


promoting the use of EVs by providing tax
exemption and allocate funds for organisations to
replacing conventional vehicles with EVs.

Installation of EV Chargers

To improve the charging efficiency, Environmental Protection Department have


progressively upgraded standard chargers to medium chargers in the past few years
(as compared with standard chargers, medium chargers can reduce the charging time
by up to 60%). The two power companies and the commercial sector will also
progressively upgrade their existing public standard chargers to medium chargers and
install multi-standard quick chargers. EV suppliers have also been pro-active in
adding their EV charging facilities for their EV models at public venues.

As at the end of June 2021, there are 4,362 EV chargers for public use including
2,200 medium chargers in Hong Kong and 702 quick chargers in Hong Kong, covering
all 18 districts.

Reference:
https://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/air/prob_solutions/promotion_e
v.html

Read the passage and answer the following questions.


1. Name ONE greenhouse gas emitted in conventional vehicles.

Nitrogen oxides
___________________________________________________________

2. According to the passage, what is the advantage of using medium chargers over
standard chargers?
with standard medium
compared chargers,
___________________________________________________________
canchargers
reduce the to 60%
time
charging by
___________________________________________________________
up

36
3. Below is a chart of light-duty plug-in EV global market share, which country has
China.
the highest selling of EV? __________________________________________

4. (Open-ended question) Suggest one way to promote the use of EV in China.

Install more
chargers.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

37
8.9 Check Your Understanding
Concept Check
□ Circuit symbols are used to represent circuit components.
Electrical component Circuit symbol
cell
(1)
br
(2)
battery
(3) wire

(4)
switch

(5) bully
light
(6)
resistor
(7) rheostat
(8)
ammeter
voltmeter (9)

(10)
junction
(11) buzzer

□ A closed circuit required a source of (12)electrical


___________ energy.
conductors
□ Materials that allow electricity to flow through them are called (13)______ ______.
switch is used to open and close a circuit.
□ A (14)___________
electrons Current can be measured using
□ An electric current is a flow of free (15)____________.
ammeter
an (16)____ A
________ and its unit is (17)_________ (_____).
amperes
□ When an electric current flows through a conductor, some electrical energy is converted
thermal energy. This is called the heating effect of electric current.
into (18)___________
fust
□ A (19)___________ will blow and break a circuit if the current is above its fuse rating.
38
voltage
□ The (20)___________ of an electric cell is a measure of the amount of energy supplied
voltmeter
to the free electrons by the cell, which can be measured by a (21)____________ and its
volts
unit is (22)__ V
_______ (_____).
V IR
□ The equation of Ohm’s law is (23)___________.
=

Resistancemeasures the opposition of a material to the flow of electric current.


□ (24)___________
ohm
Its unit is (25)___ R
_ _____ (_____).
thinner
□ Resistance is higher when the wire is (26)____ ____ (thicker / thinner) or

longer
(27)___________ (longer / shorter).
rheostat a circuit component whose resistance can be changed.
□ A (28)___________is
earth wire,
□ The pins of a three-pin plug are connected to the (29)___________
neutral
(30)___________ live
wire and (31)___________ wire,.

Skills Check
□ Drawing of a circuit diagram
□ Connecting a closed circuit
series(parallel / series), while connecting
□ Connecting an ammeter to a circuit in (32)________

parallel
a voltmeter to a circuit in (33)________ (parallel / series).
□ DIY a power toy

39
8.10 Reference Table

Booklet Textbook Workbook


Section
Page (2A) Page (2A) Page

8.1 Circuit Symbols and Circuit Diagram 2 84 33-35


8.2 Simple Circuit 3-4 75-86 30-32
88-95,
8.3 Electric Current, Heating Effect and Fuse 5-7 36-39
150-153+
8.4 Voltage, Current and Resistance 8-14 100-110 39-41
8.5 Resistance 15-25 110-119 41-44
8.6 Mains Voltage and Domestic Circuits 26-28 138-142 49-50
8.7 STEM – BumpBot Construction 29-31 / /
8.8 Further Reading 32-37 / /
8.9 Check Your Understanding 38-40 / /

Unit 8 Classwork mark Your mark


P.24-25 15%
13.5
Project 50%
16
Test 35% 22.75
Wiring 3-pin plug Practical exam 10
Total
50.25

40

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