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Kemh 108

A sequence is an ordered arrangement of numbers defined by a rule, with finite sequences having a limited number of terms and infinite sequences having an unlimited number. A series is the sum of the terms of a sequence, and a geometric progression (G.P.) is a type of sequence where each term's ratio to the preceding term is constant. Historical evidence shows that ancient civilizations, including the Babylonians and Greeks, understood arithmetic and geometric sequences, with notable contributions from Indian mathematicians like Aryabhatta.

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17 views1 page

Kemh 108

A sequence is an ordered arrangement of numbers defined by a rule, with finite sequences having a limited number of terms and infinite sequences having an unlimited number. A series is the sum of the terms of a sequence, and a geometric progression (G.P.) is a type of sequence where each term's ratio to the preceding term is constant. Historical evidence shows that ancient civilizations, including the Babylonians and Greeks, understood arithmetic and geometric sequences, with notable contributions from Indian mathematicians like Aryabhatta.

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kalleshass414
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SEQUENCES AND SERIES 149

Summary
® By a sequence, we mean an arrangement of number in definite order according
to some rule. Also, we define a sequence as a function whose domain is the
set of natural numbers or some subsets of the type {1, 2, 3, ....k}. A sequence
containing a finite number of terms is called a finite sequence. A sequence is
called infinite if it is not a finite sequence.
® Let a1, a2, a3, ... be the sequence, then the sum expressed as a1 + a2 + a3 + ...
is called series. A series is called finite series if it has got finite number of
terms.
® A sequence is said to be a geometric progression or G.P., if the ratio of any
term to its preceding term is same throughout. This constant factor is called
the common ratio. Usually, we denote the first term of a G.P. by a and its
common ratio by r. The general or the nth term of G.P. is given by an= arn – 1.
The sum Sn of the first n terms of G.P. is given by

Sn =
(
a rn – 1 ) or a (1– r ) , if r ≠ 1
n

r –1 1–r

® The geometric mean (G.M.) of any two positive numbers a and b is given by
ab i.e., the sequence a, G, b is G.P.

Historical Note
Evidence is found that Babylonians, some 4000 years ago, knew of arithmetic and
geometric sequences. According to Boethius (510), arithmetic and geometric
sequences were known to early Greek writers. Among the Indian mathematician,
Aryabhatta (476) was the first to give the formula for the sum of squares and cubes
of natural numbers in his famous work Aryabhatiyam, written around
499. He also gave the formula for finding the sum to n terms of an arithmetic
sequence starting with p th term. Noted Indian mathematicians Brahmgupta

2024-25

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