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Unit 1 Basic concepts

The document outlines basic concepts of signals and systems, including classifications of continuous-time and discrete-time signals, as well as analog and digital signals. It discusses signal processing systems and the advantages of digital signal processing, such as automation and consistent quality. The document concludes with a summary of signal classifications and an assignment related to digitizing analog signals.

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3 views

Unit 1 Basic concepts

The document outlines basic concepts of signals and systems, including classifications of continuous-time and discrete-time signals, as well as analog and digital signals. It discusses signal processing systems and the advantages of digital signal processing, such as automation and consistent quality. The document concludes with a summary of signal classifications and an assignment related to digitizing analog signals.

Uploaded by

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HANOI UNIVERSITY

TRƯỜNG OF SCIENCE
ĐẠI HỌC ANDHÀ
BÁCH KHOA TECHNOLOGY
NỘI
SCHOOL OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNITCATION TECHNOLOGY

UNIT 1
BASIC CONCEPTS

Department of Computer Engineering


❑ Contents

1. Concepts and Classification of Signals

2. Signal Processing Systems

3. Digital Signal Processing

IT 4172 Signal processing Chapter 1. Signal and system 2


❑ Learning Objectives
After studying this lesson, you will be able to:

▪ Understand basic concepts of signals and systems.

▪ Classify continuous-time and discrete-time signals.

▪ Distinguish between analog and digital signals.

▪ Know the methods of digital signal processing.

IT 4172 Signal processing Chapter 1. Signal and system 3


1. Concepts and Classification of Signals.
● Signals are the physical manifestation of information.

● Mathematically, a signal is a function of one or more independent variables.

● The independent variable commonly encountered is time.

● For instance, an example of a signal is the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal.

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Signals are often in complex form
● In some cases, it is impossible to determine the mathematical function
representing a signal.

● For instance, speech signals cannot be represented by a mathematical function.

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Analog and Discrete Signals.
● Considering the case where the signal is a function of time:

● Analog signal: both amplitude (function) and time (variable) are continuous. For
example: 𝑥(𝑡)

● Digital signal: amplitude is continuous, but time is discrete. For example: 𝑥(𝑛)

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Digital signal
Continuous Time Discrete Time

Analog signal Discrete signal

Continuous
Amplitude

Discrete
Amplitude

Quantized signal Digital signal

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2. Signal processing system

● A system is a physical device that performs a signal processing operation.

● A system can also be software that performs a signal processing operation

Audio amplifier system PHOTOSHOP

● Signal processing: Transmitting signals through the system

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3. Digital signal processing
Analog Analog signal Analog
signal processing signal

Digital
signal

Sampling & Digital signal Digital-to-


Analog Analog
signal
Analog-to-Digital processing Analog signal
Converter Converter
ADC DSP DAC

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Advantages of digital signal processing
● Ability to process signals automatically using digital devices such as computers

● Ability to store and backup signal data in digital format

● Digital signal processing systems, when mass-produced, have consistent


processing quality and do not degrade over time.

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4. Summary
● Signals can be classified into continuous-time, discrete-time, quantized, and
digital signals.

● Digital signal processing: ADC, DSP, DAC

● The signal digital processing methods have several advantages such as


automation, backup, and consistent processing quality.

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5. Assignment
● Let’s study a type of analog signal that is processed digitally in practice.

● Write a report describing the characteristics and principles of digitizing this type
of signal.

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The next unit
2
ANALOG - TO - DIGITAL CONVERSION

References:
• Nguyễn Quốc Trung (2008), Xử lý tín hiệu và lọc số, Tập 1, Nhà xuất bản Khoa học và Kỹ
thuật, Chương 1 Tín hiệu và hệ thống rời rạc.
• J.G. Proakis, D.G. Manolakis (2007), Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms, and
Applications, 4th Ed, Prentice Hall, Chapter 1 Introduction.

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SCHOOL OF INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Wishing you all the best in your studies!

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