Information Systems

Management
Lecture 5. Planning of IT
Agenda
• IT components of IS
• Technical requirements of IT
• Infrastructure requirements
• Quality of IS operations
• Estimation of IT capacity
Assume that you have a business task –
to deploy Information Technology to a
certain business process.
Questions you may have:
1) How to compute/process data?
2) How to store data/information?
3) How to transmit data?
4) What IT to buy?
IT components of IS

Hardware:
• Computing devices:
• Central computing;
• Network management;
• User computing – workstations;
• Telecommunications:
• Transmission media;
• Network equipment
IT components of IS (cont.)

Hardware:
• Data storage:
• Central storage – database, user files etc.;
• User storage;
• Archive / Back-up;

• Peripherals:
• Printing devices;
• Other devices
IT components of IS (cont.)
Software
• Central application software
• Operating system
• DBMS
• Application software
• Back-up / archiving software
• User software
• Operating software
• Application software
• Utility software and others
• Network management software
• Information security system software
Technical requirements of IT

Identify requirements:
• Software
• Hardware
• Infrastructure
Software requirements of IT
• General requirements
• User interface requirements
• Data/Security requirements
• Reliability requirements
• Functional requirements
• Complementary requirements:
• Maintenance
• Portability
• Additional requirements:
• Technical faults administration requirements
• Documentation requirements
• Training requirements
Hardware requirements

• General technical requirements

• Productivity requirements
Infrastructure requirements

• Premises
• Power supply
• Cabling
• Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning (HVAC)
• Other requirements
Quality of IS operations
Quality of IS operations

The quality of IS operations is determined by the

following indicators:
• Reliability

• Productivity

• Consistency

• Flexibility

• Scalability

• Manageability
IS Reliability

Reliability parameters:
• Average time between individual system
components failure;
• Average time for damaged component service,
repair or replacement; and
• Average time for the system capacity
restoration
Providing IS Reliability
• Higher IS reliability may require:
• installing redundant IT equipment:
• N+1/N+N redundant servers, hard disks, switches and transmission
channels;
• clustering + disk arrays;
• keeping IT parts ZIP-package;
• robust / bug-free software;
• well-trained users able to swap each-other;
• thorough communication rules and regulations;
• well-planned IT service management;
• robust electricity supply system;
• appropriate infrastructure development
IS Productivity

Productivity indicators:
• amount of on-line computing transactions;

• delay on data exchange between different

corporate network sites;
• amount of information transferred by delivery
means per time unit
Estimation of IT capacity

• Capacity of computing:
• Central server(s);
• User computing;
• Capacity of data-storage
• Capacity of data transmission channels:
• WAN / MAN
• LAN
• I/O devices capacity – printing, scanning and etc.
DB server capacity
Database server computing (DSC)
capacity is measured in TPM
(transactions per minute) for OLTP and
QphH* (Query per Hour Performance DSC sums up the ratio of total
computational demand
Metric) for Decision Support systems (requests × resource per
request) to available
using the formula: processing capacity for each

DSC=Σ [ntr(i)*cu(i)]/dpt(i) unit iii.

•If it is high, it may indicate that
dpt – time required for processing DB form (i) demand is exceeding supply,
causing potential performance
ntr – number of queries to process DB form (i) bottlenecks.
cu – number of concurrent users working with DB form (i) •If it is low, the system has
sufficient or excess capacity.
Storage Space Estimation
Recommendations by IBM:
• 600 - 1000 bytes for each stored version of a file, including image
backups;
• 100 - 200 bytes for each cached file, copy storage pool file, active-data
pool file, and deduplicated file;
• Additional space for database optimization to support varying data-access
patterns and to support server backend processing of the data. The
amount of extra space is equal to 50% of the estimate for the total number
of bytes for file objects

Read: https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/ SSGSG7_7.1.8/srv.i

nstall/t_srv_inst_db_space_files-hpux.html
Estimating data transmission
channel capacity

Data transmission channel capacity (DTCC)

should provide reliable traffic for computing data
exchange (CDE) and other network services
data exchange (NSDE), i.e.:

DTCC > CDE + NSDE

Network Service Data Exchange

NSDE=2*Σ [NS(i)*cu(i)]

NS – minimum traffic requirement for network

service i, bit per sec;
cu(i) – number of concurrent users of network
service i.
In a simple way…
LAN:
• Gigabit Ethernet w UTP 6 cat – 1Gbps;
• WiFi (IEEE802.11ac) – actual 200Mbps & 4 concurrent connections
Fiber optic cable:
• 500 m => 10Gbps;
• 1000 m => 1Gbps;
• 2 km => 100Mbps
Mobile network speed (5g.co.uk)
Central IT can be outsourced

• Hosting
• Cloud service (IaaS, SaaS, PaaS)
• Co-location

• Amazon Web Services

• Microsoft Azure
• Google Cloud Platform
You may go for local hosting and
cloud service providers

Visit web-sites and explore available services of

the following:
• Billurcom – www.billur.com

• Turon Cloud – www.tcloud.uz

• Sharq telekom – www.st.u

IS scalability

• The possibility to expand IS capacity by

installing additional IT units into the existing
system or by deployment of common solutions
and connecting the standard software
hardware components to the system.
• Measured for each IT component and an
overall system
IS compatibility

Requirements:
• Technical infrastructure based on international
standards and requirements;
• Compliance with national standards and
regulatory documents requirements;
• Technological compatibility between separate
subsystems, as well as with external systems
IS Flexibility

Requirements:
• Upgrading the existing equipment;

• Update of software components;

• Possibility to improve system characteristics

(productivity, fault tolerance, etc.) without
significant additional investments and principal
change of the IT architecture.
IS manageability
IS manageability parameters:
• Control in real time over the condition of subsystem
components enabling to discover, locate and eliminate
failure in due time;
• Any network node management and monitoring from single
management center, corporate network points and remote
configuration of the system;
• Centralised information on composition and updates of soft-
and hardware components
Other IS quality criteria: RAS*
Applicable to hardware and software:
• Reliability - the ability of a computer-related hardware or software component to
consistently perform according to its specifications;
• Availability - the ratio of time a system or component is functional to the total time it is
required or expected to function;
• Serviceability - an expression of the ease with which a component, device or system can be
maintained and repaired.
*defined by IBM for mainframes and hardware

See: IEEE Reliability Society

Network security requirements
Requirements:
Access management - identification and authentication on access to the
network sites and resources;
Network traffic management - filtering of data circulating between the
corporate network sites;
Event registration - registration of all firewall administrator actions, as well
as all the events indicating network protection violations and all the events
necessary for the further analysis;
Integrity means the restoration of network security elements. Restoration
procedures after equipment failures and breakdowns must provide full
restoration of the network security features;
Testability -the checking of network security effectiveness
IT resource tables
• To track, allocate, and optimize the computing resources needed for efficient
operations. These tables are crucial for capacity planning, performance monitoring, and
cost optimization in IT infrastructure.

• IS site-table of the company

• IS hardware table as per IS site-table
• IS hardware specification table as per IS
hardware table
• IS software table as per IS site-table
 IS site-table
Company: The University of Westminster

Code Site Site location

W001 Regent campus 309 Regent Street, London W1B

2UW
W002 Cavendish campus 115 New Cavendish Street
London W1W 6UW
W003 Marylebone campus 35 Marylebone Road London
NW1 5LS
W004 Harrow campus Watford Road Northwick Park
Middlesex HA1 3TP
W005 Campus at L.Titchfield 6 Little Titchfield Street London
street W1W 7UW
IS hardware table
Site code: W001 Site-name: Regent Campus
Code Type Hardware name Location Quantity

H001 SRV Database server W001 2

H002 SRV File server W001 4

H120 PC Desktop PCs W001 467

H150 Printer Network printers W001 8

H196 Switch Backbone switch W001 6

…
IS hardware specifications table
Site code: W001 Site-name: Regent Campus
Code Hardware Specification Location Date of Remarks
name purchase

H001.001 Database HP ProLiant … R.313 Nov2004

server
…

H120.004 PC HP DC 3.2Hz … R.109 Oct2009 New monitor

21’ on
May2010
…
Estimation IT capacity
• Capacity of computing:
• DB server
• Application server
• Web server
• Capacity of transmission channels:
• WAN / MAN
• LAN
• Capacity of data-storage
• Printing capacity
DB server capacity
Database server computing (DSC) capacity is measured in QphH* (Query per Hour Performance Metric)
using the formulae:
DSC=Σ [ntr(i)*cu(i)]/dpt(i)
dpt – time required for processing DB form (i)
ntr – number of queries to process DB form (i)
cu – number of concurrent users working with DB form (i)

Other computing benchmarks by TPC?

* - Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC) www.tpc.org

 2
3
1
№

…
SA
Cash planning
Example

Legal commitment
Name of Document

Time of document
processing by server (sec)

10
16
30

Number of queries
1,000
16
20

Overall number of users

1
8
2

Number of concurrent users

0.15
0.3

Overall number of quesries

150
64
6

Time of document
processing by server (hour)
0.27
0.17
0.50

Processing speed
(quesries/hour)
25,300
900
240
12
Estimating data transmission
channel capacity

Data transmission channel capacity (DTCC)

should provide reliable traffic for computing data
exchange (CDE) and other network services data
exchange (NSDE), i.e.:

DTCC > CDE + NSDE

Database Data Exchange
Capacity (Bps)

Din(i) – Input Data Volume in Form i (Bytes)

Dout(i) – Output Data Volume in Form i (Bytes)
Cu(i) – number of concurrent users of form i;
t(i) – time required for transaction and computing the form i;
COI – coefficient of data information formed into a packet ~ 1.25;
CCT – coefficient of channel capacity ~ 1.3;
COC – coefficient of transport protocols over head cost ~ 1.2;
COE – coefficient of data encryption ~ 1.2;
 1
№

Total
Request

10
Volume, KB

20
Total volume, KB
Output data

concurrent users work with form SA)

Data processing by local
30 server, sec

Document volume, KB
750
SA (10 KB output + 20 rows * number of users)
Input data

Total volume, KB
1,500

Communication channel
capacity necessary for one
user operation, Kbps
8.44

Number of users
2

Total communication channel

Network Service Data Exchange

capacity necessary for

concurrent operation of
specified user type, Kbps
(Note: 1:60 random average ratio was used in estimation in order to evaluate real channel load in case of
16.89
Example of NSDE Guaranteed Necessary
communication communication
Number of channel capacity,
Number channel capacity
№ Name of Service concurrent Kbps
of users for one service
users
(application) Guarantee
Leased
operation, Kbps d
1 DBMS system user service 19 8 8 64 128
2 IP-telephony service 4 8 2 16 32
3 DBMS data storage
- - - - -
administration service
4 Network equipment administration
1 8 1 8 16
service
5 security provision service 1 8 1 16 32
6 System software (SSW)
administration service 0 0 0 0 0
7 Application software maintenance
and support service 1 8 1 8 16
8 Mail service 19 4 1 4 8
9 Intranet service 19 8 1 8 16
10 Internet service 0 0 0 0 0

Total 124 248

Necessary capacity 128 256
Any Questions?
Additional resources

What is Mbps? Network Speeds Explained

How to Benchmark Your Server Performance: Tools,
Metrics, and Tips
Information Technology Planning – SCUP
Guest lecturer

Ravshan Ubaydullaev,
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ravshan-ubaydullaev/,
IT PARK, on Feb 11, 10:30