Name of Candidate:

Worksheet
Cambridge O Level
Chemistry 5070
Paper solving week 3 (June 2024, P2,4)
Exams are available in the June and November series.

Nayeem Sir, 01581499263

Version 1
Please check the syllabus page at www.cambridgeinternational.org/5070
to see if this syllabus is available in your administrative zone.
Homework: June 2022/P1/V1
 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

© UCLES 2024
,

I II III IV V VI VII VIII

1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
* 0000800000020 *

3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon

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7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36







,

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
20

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

5070/22/O/N/24
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium flerovium moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).
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Notes for use in qualitative analysis

Tests for anions

anion test test result

carbonate, CO32– add dilute acid, then test for carbon effervescence, carbon dioxide
dioxide gas produced
chloride, Cl – acidify with dilute nitric acid, then white ppt.
[in solution] add aqueous silver nitrate
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bromide, Br – acidify with dilute nitric acid, then cream ppt.

[in solution] add aqueous silver nitrate
iodide, I– acidify with dilute nitric acid, then yellow ppt.
[in solution] add aqueous silver nitrate
nitrate, NO3– add aqueous sodium hydroxide, ammonia produced
[in solution] then aluminium foil; warm carefully
sulfate, SO42– acidify with dilute nitric acid, then white ppt.
[in solution] add aqueous barium nitrate
sulfite, SO32– add a small volume of acidified the acidified aqueous potassium
aqueous potassium manganate(VII) manganate(VII) changes colour
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from purple to colourless

Tests for aqueous cations

cation effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide effect of aqueous ammonia

aluminium, Al 3+ white ppt., soluble in excess, giving white ppt., insoluble in excess
a colourless solution
ammonium, NH4+ ammonia produced on warming –
calcium, Ca2+ white ppt., insoluble in excess no ppt. or very slight white ppt.
chromium(III), Cr3+
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green ppt., soluble in excess green ppt., insoluble in excess

copper(II), Cu2+ light blue ppt., insoluble in excess light blue ppt., soluble in excess,
giving a dark blue solution
iron(II), Fe2+ green ppt., insoluble in excess, green ppt., insoluble in excess,
ppt. turns brown near surface on ppt. turns brown near surface on
standing standing
iron(III), Fe3+ red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess
zinc, Zn2+ white ppt., soluble in excess, giving white ppt., soluble in excess, giving
a colourless solution a colourless solution
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Tests for gases

gas test and test result

ammonia, NH3 turns damp red litmus paper blue
carbon dioxide, CO2 turns limewater milky
chlorine, Cl 2 bleaches damp litmus paper
hydrogen, H2 ‘pops’ with a lighted splint
oxygen, O2 relights a glowing splint

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sulfur dioxide, SO2 turns acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII) from purple to colourless

Flame tests for metal ions

metal ion flame colour

lithium, Li+ red
sodium, Na+ yellow
potassium, K+ lilac

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calcium, Ca2+ orange-red
barium, Ba2+ light green
copper(II), Cu2+ blue-green

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 Page 4 l Nayeem Sir

Cambridge O Level
* 0 3 6 1 2 7 8 7 3 2 *

CHEMISTRY 5070/21
Paper 2 Theory May/June 2024

1 hour 45 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (PQ/CB) 329305/3
© UCLES 2024 [Turn over
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3

1 Choose from the following substances to answer the questions.

carbon

chlorine

glucose

hydrated copper(II) sulfate

iron

magnesium sulfate

methanoic acid

methanol

nickel

silicon(IV) oxide

vanadium(V) oxide

Each substance can be used once, more than once or not at all.

State which substance:

(a) is a catalyst in the Haber process

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) has a giant covalent structure

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) changes from a blue solid to a white solid when heated

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) removes tastes and odours during the treatment of the domestic water supply

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) has the empirical formula CH2O.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 5]

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2 Calcium carbide, CaC2, reacts with water to form a flammable gas ethyne, C2H2, and
calcium hydroxide.

(a) Construct the symbol equation for this reaction.

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Calcium carbide is ionic.

Deduce the formula of the carbide ion.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Fig. 2.1 shows the displayed formula of ethyne.

H C C H

Fig. 2.1

Ethyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

(i) Explain why ethyne is a hydrocarbon.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest why ethyne is unsaturated.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Aqueous bromine reacts with ethyne.

Predict the colour change that happens during this reaction.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the electronic configuration in a molecule of ethyne.

Show only the outer shell electrons.

[2]

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5

(d) The equation for the complete combustion of ethyne is shown.

2C2H2 + 5O2 4CO2 + 2H2O

This reaction is exothermic.

(i) Explain, using ideas about bond breaking and bond making, why this reaction is
exothermic.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Complete the reaction pathway diagram in Fig. 2.2 for the complete combustion of
ethyne.

Label the:

• reactants
• products
• enthalpy change of the reaction, ΔH
• activation energy, Ea.

energy

progress of reaction

Fig. 2.2
[3]

[Total: 13]

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6

3 Aqueous ammonium nitrite decomposes when heated to form nitrogen.

NH4NO2(aq) N2(g) + 2H2O(l)

(a) A 25.0 cm3 sample of 0.133 mol / dm3 NH4NO2 is completely decomposed.

Calculate the volume of nitrogen formed, measured at room temperature and pressure.

Give your answer to two significant figures.

volume of nitrogen = .................................................. dm3 [3]

(b) Describe and explain the effect of increasing the temperature on the rate of this reaction.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Describe and explain the effect of decreasing the concentration of ammonium nitrite on the
rate of this reaction.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(d) One way to measure the pH of aqueous ammonium nitrite is to use a pH meter.

Describe one other way to measure the pH of aqueous ammonium nitrite.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 9]

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4 Potassium iodide, KI, is an ionic solid composed of a lattice of potassium ions and iodide ions.

(a) Explain why potassium iodide has a high melting point.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Describe how potassium atoms and iodine molecules react to form potassium ions and
iodide ions. Use ideas about electron transfer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Predict the products at each electrode during the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous
potassium iodide.

at anode ....................................................................................................................................

at cathode .................................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) Aqueous potassium iodide reacts with aqueous acidified potassium manganate(VII).

Suggest the colour changes that happen during this reaction.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(e) The ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous potassium iodide and aqueous chlorine
is shown.

2I–(aq) + Cl 2(aq) I2(aq) + 2Cl –(aq)

Explain, in terms of electrons, why this reaction involves both oxidation and reduction.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 9]

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5 When a sample of zinc sulfite is heated in a closed system, an equilibrium mixture is formed.

ZnSO3(s) ZnO(s) + SO2(g)

The forward reaction is endothermic.

(a) The temperature of the closed system is increased and the pressure is kept constant.

Predict how the position of equilibrium of this reaction is affected.

Explain your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The pressure of the closed system is decreased and the temperature is kept constant.

Predict how the position of equilibrium of this reaction is affected.

Explain your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Calculate the maximum mass of zinc oxide that can be made from 25.5 g of zinc sulfite.

mass of zinc oxide = ...................................................... g [3]

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(d) Zinc oxide reacts with both aqueous sodium hydroxide and dilute hydrochloric acid, but
sulfur dioxide only reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

Explain why.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(e) Solid zinc sulfite reacts with dilute nitric acid to give sulfur dioxide gas, an aqueous zinc salt
and a colourless liquid.

Construct the symbol equation for this reaction.

Include state symbols.

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 11]

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6 Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is linked to increased global warming.

(a) Describe one adverse effect of increased global warming.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Describe how carbon dioxide causes global warming.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

(i) Write the word equation for photosynthesis.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe the conditions needed for photosynthesis.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Explain one strategy to reduce global warming caused by carbon dioxide.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 7]

7 Chlorine is a gas at room temperature.

Iodine is a solid at room temperature.

(a) A sample of chlorine has a volume of 240 cm3 at room temperature and pressure.

The pressure of the sample is increased at room temperature.

Describe and explain, in terms of kinetic particle theory, what happens to the volume of the
sample.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]
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(b) When heated at atmospheric pressure, iodine changes directly into a gas without becoming a
liquid.

Describe the changes in particle separation, arrangement and motion during this change.

separation .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

arrangement .............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

motion .......................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(c) At the same temperature and pressure, the rate of diffusion of chlorine gas is greater than
that of iodine gas.

Explain why.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) The symbol of an iodide ion is shown.

126 –
53I

Complete Table 7.1 about this iodide ion.

Table 7.1

particle number of particles

electrons

neutrons

protons
[3]

[Total: 9]

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8 Fig. 8.1 is a flow diagram showing information about some organic chemical reactions.

H H H

H C C C O H

H H H

CH3COOH(I) / acid catalyst

KMnO4(aq) / H2SO4(aq)

ester B C

propanoic acid

MgCO3(s) ethanol / acid catalyst

Mg(s)

D, gas E and water D and gas F ester G

Fig. 8.1

(a) Compound A is one of the structural isomers of alcohols with molecular formula C3H8O.

(i) State the name of compound A.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Draw the displayed formula of the other structural isomer of C3H8O that is an alcohol.

[1]

(b) Draw the displayed formula of ester B.

[1]

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(c) Draw the structural formula of propanoic acid.

[1]

(d) State the name and formula of compound D.

name .........................................................................................................................................

formula ......................................................................................................................................
[2]

(e) State the name of gas E and of gas F.

E ...............................................................................................................................................

F ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]

(f) State the name of ester G.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 9]

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9 Polymers are made by either an addition reaction or a condensation reaction.

(a) Describe the differences between addition and condensation polymerisation.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) PET is a condensation polymer.

Name the type of linkage that bonds the repeat units to one another in PET.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) A polymer contains 47.1% carbon, 6.5% hydrogen and 46.4% chlorine by mass.

Calculate the empirical formula of this polymer.

empirical formula ......................................................... [3]

(d) Plastics are made from polymers.

Describe two environmental challenges caused by plastics.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 8]

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Question Answer Marks

1(a) iron 1

1(b) silicon(IV) oxide / carbon 1

1(c) hydrated copper(II) sulfate 1

1(d) carbon 1

1(e) glucose 1

Question Answer Marks

2(a) CaC2 + 2H2O  Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 2

formula for calcium hydroxide as product (1)

balanced equation (1)

2(b) C22– 1

2(c)(i) contains only carbon and hydrogen 1

2(c)(ii) does not contain a carbon-carbon single bond / contains a (carbon-carbon) triple bond 1

2(c)(iii) orange to colourless 1

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Question Answer Marks

2(c)(iv) six electrons shared between two carbon atoms (1) 2

carbon-hydrogen bonds shown as shared pairs with no lone pairs on either hydrogen or carbon (1)

2(d)(i) bond breaking endothermic AND bond making exothermic / energy absorbed to break bonds AND energy released on 2
making bonds (1)

more energy released than absorbed (1)

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Question Answer Marks

2(d)(ii) 3

2C2H2 + 5O2

4CO2 + 2H2O

M1 products to right of reactants AND reactant level above product level (1)

M2 enthalpy change shown as downward arrow AND labelled as enthalpy change or H (1)

M3 activation energy drawn to maximum of energy hump with an upward arrow AND labelled (1)

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Question Answer Marks

3(a) amount of ammonium nitrite 0.025  0.133 OR 0.003325 (mol) 3

AND
amount of nitrogen = 0.003325 (mol) (1)

volume of nitrogen = amount  24 OR 0.0798 (mol) (1)

volume of nitrogen = 0.080 (dm3) (1)

3(b) rate increases because 2

particles move faster / particles have more kinetic energy / particles have gained kinetic energy (1)

more successful collisions / more collisions/particles) with equal or more than activation energy / more effective
collisions / more energetic collisions (1)

3(c) rate decreases / reaction is slower because 2

particles are less crowded / distance between particles is smaller / fewer particles per unit volume (1)

fewer collisions per second / lower collision frequency (1)

3(d) universal indicator (paper) (1) 2

match colour with a pH colour chart (1)

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Question Answer Marks

4(a) strong attraction between positive and negative ions 1

4(b) two potassium (atoms) lose 1 electron each (1) 2

iodine (molecule) gains two electrons (1)

4(c) at anode – iodine / I2 (1) 2

at cathode – hydrogen / H2 (1)

4(d) purple (1) 2

to brown (1)

4(e) I– or iodide oxidised since it loses electrons (1) 2

Cl2 or chlorine reduced since it gains electrons (1)

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Question Answer Marks

5(a) (position of equilibrium) moves to the right / (position of equilibrium) moves to the product side / (position of equilibrium) 2
moves to sulfur dioxide or zinc oxide side (1)

to absorb thermal energy (1)

5(b) (position of equilibrium) moves to the right / (position of equilibrium) moves to the product side / (position of equilibrium) 2
moves to sulfur dioxide or zinc oxide side (1)

more moles of gas on right hand side / more moles of gas on product side (1)

5(c) Mr of ZnSO3 is 145 AND of ZnO is 81 OR Mr of ZnSO3 is 65 + 32 + 48 AND of ZnO is 65 +16 (1) 3

amount of ZnSO3 and ZnO is 25.5 / 145 OR 0.1759 (mol) (1)

mass of zinc oxide is 14.2448 (g) (1)

5(d) zinc oxide is amphoteric (1) 2

sulfur dioxide is acidic (1)

5(e) ZnSO3(s) + 2HNO3(aq)  Zn(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l) + SO2(g) 2

balanced equation (1)

state symbol dependent on correct formulae (1)

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Question Answer Marks

6(a) climate change 1

6(b) (carbon dioxide) absorbs thermal energy (from the Earth) (1) 3

reflection of thermal energy (back to the Earth) / emission of thermal energy (towards the Earth) (1)

reduces/stops loss of thermal energy into space (1)

6(c)(i) carbon dioxide + water  glucose + oxygen 1

6(c)(ii) needs chlorophyll AND (to absorb) light energy 1

6(d) any one from: 1

reforestation / afforestation to absorb more carbon dioxide (by photosynthesis) (1)

decreasing use of fossil fuels (to stop emitting carbon dioxide) (1)

use more renewable energy resources (to reduce carbon dioxide being emitted) / use hydrogen as a fuel (which produces
water rather than carbon dioxide) (1)

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Question Answer Marks

7(a) volume decreases (1) 2

particles move closer to one another / distance between particles decreases (1)

7(b) particle separation – move apart (1) 3

arrangement – ordered to random (1)

motion – vibrating to moving from one place to another (1)

7(c) chlorine has a lower (relative) molecular mass / chlorine molecules have less mass 1

7(d) 3
particle number of particles

electrons 54

neutrons 73

protons 53

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Question Answer Marks

8(a)(i) propan-1-ol 1

8(a)(ii) 1

8(b) H O H H H 1
H C C O C C C H
H H H H

8(c) CH3CH2COOH 1

8(d) name – magnesium propanoate (1) 2

formula – Mg(CH3CH2COO)2 (1)

8(e) E – carbon dioxide (1) 2

F – hydrogen (1)

8(f) ethyl propanoate 1

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Question Answer Marks

9(a) any one comment about addition polymerisation 2

addition polymerisation (involves monomers joining together with) no other product formed (1)

addition polymer has same empirical formula as the monomer (1)

addition polymers uses monomers with a C = C bond (1)

any one comment about condensation polymerisation

condensation polymerisation involves (monomers joining together with) the formation of a simple molecule (1)

condensation polymer does not have same empirical formula as monomer(s) (1)

condensation polymerisation uses monomers with two functional groups (1)

9(b) ester 1

9(c) 3
element C H Cl

% 47.1 6.5 46.4

amount 47.1 / 12 OR 6.5 / 1 OR 6.5 46.4 / 35.5 OR

3.93 1.31

ratio 3.00 / 3 4.96 / 5 1

amount row (1)

ratio (1)

C3H5Cl (1)

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Question Answer Marks

9(d) Any two from: 2

land-fills (may fill up) (1)

accumulation of plastics in oceans (1)

formation of toxic gases during burning (1)

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2

1 Choose from the following substances to answer the questions.

anhydrous copper(II) sulfate

calcium carbonate

carbon monoxide

chlorine

ethanoic acid

iron

methanoic acid

methanol

nickel

silicon(IV) oxide

vanadium(V) oxide

Each substance can be used once, more than once or not at all.

State which substance:

(a) is a catalyst in the Contact process

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) is a reducing agent in the blast furnace

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) changes from a white solid to a blue solid when water is added to it

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) kills microbes during the treatment of the domestic water supply

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) has the empirical formula CH2O.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 5]

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6

4 Calcium bromide, CaBr2, is an ionic solid composed of a lattice of calcium ions and bromide ions.

(a) Explain why calcium bromide has a high melting point.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Describe how calcium atoms and bromine molecules react to form calcium ions and bromide ions.
Use ideas about electron transfer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Predict the products at each electrode during the electrolysis of dilute aqueous calcium bromide.

at anode ....................................................................................................................................

at cathode .................................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) (i) Ozone is an oxidising agent.

Describe the colour change when ozone gas is bubbled through aqueous potassium iodide.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Zinc is a reducing agent.

Describe the colour change when excess zinc is added to acidified potassium manganate(VII).

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) The ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous calcium bromide and aqueous chlorine
is shown.

2Br–(aq) + Cl 2(aq) Br2(aq) + 2Cl –(aq)

Explain, in terms of electrons, why this reaction involves both oxidation and reduction.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 9]

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9

6 Methane, nitrogen monoxide and sulfur dioxide are air pollutants.

(a) Describe one adverse effect of higher levels of methane in air.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The combustion of fossil fuels that contain sulfur produces sulfur dioxide.

Describe two strategies to reduce the emission of sulfur dioxide from the combustion of
fossil fuels.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Nitrogen monoxide, NO, is linked to acid rain.

(i) This pollutant is present in the gases made in car engines.

Describe how nitrogen monoxide is removed from these gases.

Include a word equation in your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) State two other adverse effects of oxides of nitrogen pollutants in the air.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 7]

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12

8 Fig. 8.1 is a flow diagram showing information about some organic chemical reactions.

A
butan-1-ol

ethanoic acid / acid catalyst

KMnO4(aq) / H2SO4(aq)

ester B C
H H H O

H C C C C O H

H H H

Na2CO3(aq) NaOH(aq) CH3CH2OH(I) / acid catalyst

D, gas E and liquid F D and liquid F ester G

Fig. 8.1

(a) Draw the displayed formula of compound A.

[1]

(b) State the name of ester B.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) (i) State the name of compound C.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Deduce the molecular formula of compound C.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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13

(d) State the name and formula of compound D.

name .........................................................................................................................................

formula ......................................................................................................................................
[2]

(e) State the formula of gas E and of liquid F.

E ...............................................................................................................................................

F ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]

(f) Draw the structural formula of ester G.

[1]

[Total: 9]

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14

9 Polymers are made by either an addition reaction or a condensation reaction.

(a) Fig. 9.1 shows the equation for the reaction used to prepare a polymer.

The monomer is both an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

O O

n HO C OH C O + n H 2O

Fig. 9.1

(i) Name the type of linkage that bonds the repeat units to one another in this polymer.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain how the equation shows that the polymer is made by a condensation reaction.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) A polymer contains 10.8% carbon, 17.1% fluorine and 72.1% bromine by mass.

Calculate the empirical formula of this polymer.

empirical formula ............................................................. [3]

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15

(c) Some plastics are made from polymers that are hydrocarbons.

There are many environmental challenges caused by plastics.

(i) Explain why there is an accumulation of plastics in the oceans.

Use ideas about the properties of plastics.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain why the disposal of plastics causes an environmental challenge.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2024 5070/22/M/J/24

5070/21 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 35 l Nayeem
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PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

1(a) iron 1

1(b) silicon(IV) oxide / carbon 1

1(c) hydrated copper(II) sulfate 1

1(d) carbon 1

1(e) glucose 1

Question Answer Marks

2(a) CaC2 + 2H2O  Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 2

formula for calcium hydroxide as product (1)

balanced equation (1)

2(b) C22– 1

2(c)(i) contains only carbon and hydrogen 1

2(c)(ii) does not contain a carbon-carbon single bond / contains a (carbon-carbon) triple bond 1

2(c)(iii) orange to colourless 1

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Question Answer Marks

4(a) strong attraction between positive and negative ions 1

4(b) two potassium (atoms) lose 1 electron each (1) 2

iodine (molecule) gains two electrons (1)

4(c) at anode – iodine / I2 (1) 2

at cathode – hydrogen / H2 (1)

4(d) purple (1) 2

to brown (1)

4(e) I– or iodide oxidised since it loses electrons (1) 2

Cl2 or chlorine reduced since it gains electrons (1)

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Question Answer Marks

6(a) climate change 1

6(b) (carbon dioxide) absorbs thermal energy (from the Earth) (1) 3

reflection of thermal energy (back to the Earth) / emission of thermal energy (towards the Earth) (1)

reduces/stops loss of thermal energy into space (1)

6(c)(i) carbon dioxide + water  glucose + oxygen 1

6(c)(ii) needs chlorophyll AND (to absorb) light energy 1

6(d) any one from: 1

reforestation / afforestation to absorb more carbon dioxide (by photosynthesis) (1)

decreasing use of fossil fuels (to stop emitting carbon dioxide) (1)

use more renewable energy resources (to reduce carbon dioxide being emitted) / use hydrogen as a fuel (which produces
water rather than carbon dioxide) (1)

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 11 of 15

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Question Answer Marks

8(a)(i) propan-1-ol 1

8(a)(ii) 1

8(b) H O H H H 1
H C C O C C C H
H H H H

8(c) CH3CH2COOH 1

8(d) name – magnesium propanoate (1) 2

formula – Mg(CH3CH2COO)2 (1)

8(e) E – carbon dioxide (1) 2

F – hydrogen (1)

8(f) ethyl propanoate 1

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Question Answer Marks

9(a) any one comment about addition polymerisation 2

addition polymerisation (involves monomers joining together with) no other product formed (1)

addition polymer has same empirical formula as the monomer (1)

addition polymers uses monomers with a C = C bond (1)

any one comment about condensation polymerisation

condensation polymerisation involves (monomers joining together with) the formation of a simple molecule (1)

condensation polymer does not have same empirical formula as monomer(s) (1)

condensation polymerisation uses monomers with two functional groups (1)

9(b) ester 1

9(c) 3
element C H Cl

% 47.1 6.5 46.4

amount 47.1 / 12 OR 6.5 / 1 OR 6.5 46.4 / 35.5 OR

3.93 1.31

ratio 3.00 / 3 4.96 / 5 1

amount row (1)

ratio (1)

C3H5Cl (1)

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 14 of 15

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Question Answer Marks

9(d) Any two from: 2

land-fills (may fill up) (1)

accumulation of plastics in oceans (1)

formation of toxic gases during burning (1)

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2

1 Fig. 1.1 shows part of the Periodic Table.

I II III IV V VI VII VIII

H He
C N O
Na Mg Al Cl
K Ca Fe Cu Br
I

Fig. 1.1

Answer the following questions using only the elements in Fig. 1.1.
Each symbol of the element may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Give the symbol of the element that:

(a) forms 78% by volume of clean, dry air

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) has an atom with a complete outer electron shell

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) has an atom with five occupied electron shells

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) forms an ion with a charge of 2–

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) forms an ion that gives a green precipitate on addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(f) is used in food containers because of its resistance to corrosion.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 6]

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5

3 (a) Water from natural sources contains dissolved gases.

Choose from the list, the gas that is essential for aquatic life.
Draw a circle around your chosen answer.

argon hydrogen nitrogen oxygen [1]

(b) Polluted water may contain harmful substances such as metal compounds, plastics, nitrates
and phosphates.

(i) Name one other harmful substance which is present in polluted water.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State why nitrates are harmful to aquatic life.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Table 3.1 shows the masses of ions, in mg, present in a 1000 cm3 sample of polluted water.

Table 3.1

mass of ion present

formula
name of ion in mg / 1000 cm3
of ion
of polluted water
NH4+ 0.5
calcium Ca2+ 2.2
chloride Cl – 2.5
hydrogencarbonate HCO3– 12.0
magnesium Mg2+ 0.8
nitrate NO3– 0.4
potassium K+ 8.3
silicate SiO32– 8.0
sodium Na+ 10.2
sulfate SO42– 0.2
tin(II) Sn2+ 0.4

Answer these questions using information from Table 3.1.

(i) Name the negative ion present in the highest concentration.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the name of the NH4+ ion.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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6

(iii) Calculate the mass of calcium ions present in 200 cm3 of polluted water.

mass = .............................. mg [1]

(d) Copper(II) sulfate can be used to test for the presence of water.

CuSO4(s) + 5H2O(l) CuSO4•5H2O(s)

anhydrous hydrated
copper(II) sulfate copper(II) sulfate

(i) State the meaning of the term hydrated.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe how hydrated copper(II) sulfate is changed to anhydrous copper(II) sulfate.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) Complete the symbol equation for the reaction of sodium with water.

2Na + .....H2O → 2NaOH + ............ [2]

[Total: 10]

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9

5 This question is about metals.

(a) Iron is a transition element. Potassium is an element in Group I of the Periodic Table.

State two differences in the physical properties of iron compared to potassium.

1 .................................................................................................................................................

2 .................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Carbon is used to extract iron from iron ore in a blast furnace.

State two uses of carbon in the extraction process.

1 .................................................................................................................................................

2 .................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Steel is an alloy of iron.

(i) State the meaning of the term alloy.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State why alloys are more useful than pure metals.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Table 5.1 shows the observations made when four different metals react with dilute hydrochloric
acid of the same concentration.

Table 5.1

metal observations
iron bubbles form slowly
lead no bubbles formed
magnesium bubbles form rapidly
nickel bubbles form very slowly

Put the four metals in order of their reactivity.

Put the least reactive metal first.

least reactive most reactive

[2]

[Total: 8]

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10

6 (a) A student investigates the reaction of small pieces of zinc of the same mass and size with three
different concentrations of dilute hydrochloric acid in the presence of a catalyst.

The three concentrations of dilute hydrochloric acid are:

● 1.0 mol / dm3
● 1.5 mol / dm3
● 2.0 mol / dm3.

All other conditions stay the same.

Table 6.1 shows the time taken for each reaction to finish.

Table 6.1

concentration of hydrochloric acid time taken for the reaction to finish

in mol / dm3 in s

200

100

150

(i) Complete Table 6.1 by writing the concentrations of hydrochloric acid in the first column.
[1]

(ii) Describe the effect on the time taken for the zinc to finish reacting with 2.0 mol / dm3
hydrochloric acid with no catalyst present.

All other conditions stay the same.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Describe the effect on the time taken for the zinc to finish reacting with 2.0 mol / dm3
hydrochloric acid when the surface area of the zinc is increased.

All other conditions stay the same.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Crystals of zinc chloride can be prepared by reacting excess zinc with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Choose from the list, the method used to separate the unreacted zinc from the reaction mixture.

Draw a circle around your chosen answer.

chromatography crystallisation evaporation filtration [1]

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(c) Zinc chloride is soluble in water.

Choose one other compound that is soluble in water.

Tick (✓) one box.

calcium carbonate

lead(II) chloride

silver chloride

sodium nitrate
[1]

[Total: 5]

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14

8 This question is about nitrogen and compounds of nitrogen.

(a) Nitrogen is a non-metal. Nitrogen is a poor electrical conductor.

Describe two other physical properties which are typical of non-metals.

1 .................................................................................................................................................

2 .................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Oxides of nitrogen are air pollutants which contribute to acid rain.

(i) State one source of oxides of nitrogen in the air.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State one other adverse effect of oxides of nitrogen.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Ammonia is a simple molecule with covalent bonds.

(i) Describe a covalent bond.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Complete Fig. 8.1 to show the dot-and-cross diagram for a molecule of ammonia.

Show outer shell electrons only.

H N H

Fig. 8.1
[2]

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15

(iii) Aqueous ammonia is alkaline.

Choose from the list, the pH value that is alkaline.

Draw a circle around your chosen answer.

pH 1 pH 5 pH 7 pH 10 [1]

(iv) Aqueous ammonia releases ammonia gas.

Ammonia gas turns damp red litmus paper blue.

A long glass tube is set up as shown in Fig. 8.2.

long glass tube

cotton wool soaked damp red

in aqueous ammonia litmus paper

Fig. 8.2

At first, the litmus paper does not turn blue.

After a short time, the litmus paper turns blue.

Explain these results in terms of the kinetic particle theory.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 12]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2023 0620/31/M/J/23

0620/31 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme Page 49 l Nayeem
May/June 2023 Sir
PUBLISHED

Question Answer Marks

1(a) N 1

1(b) He 1

1(c) I 1

1(d) O 1

1(e) Fe 1

1(f) Al 1

Question Answer Marks

2(a)(i) values between –100 °C and +58 °C (inclusive of these values) 1

2(a)(ii) values between 3.20 and 10.0 (inclusive of these values 1

2(a)(iii) gas 1

–10 °C is above the boiling point 1

2(b)(i) displacement 1

2(b)(ii) chlorine is more reactive than iodine / iodine is less reactive than chlorine 1

2(c) configuration as 2,8,7 1

2(d) damp litmus paper (1) 2

bleaches (1)

© UCLES 2023 Page 8 of 13

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Question Answer Marks

3(a) oxygen 1

3(b)(i) sewage / microbes 1

3(b)(ii) deoxygenate (the water) / remove oxygen (from the water) 1

3(c)(i) hydrogencarbonate 1

3(c)(ii) ammonium 1

3(c)(iii) 0.44 (mg) 1

3(d)(i) (substance that is) chemically combined with water 1

3(d)(ii) heat 1

3(e) 2(H2O) (1) 2

H2 (1)

Question Answer Marks

4(a) atom(s) with the same number of protons(1) 2

different numbers of neutrons (1)

4(b) protons: 16 (1) 3

neutrons: 20 (1)

electrons: 18 (1)

4(c)(i) S + O2 on left horizontal line AND SO2 on right horizontal line 1

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Question Answer Marks

4(c)(ii) the energy of the reactants is greater than the energy of the product / the energy of S + O2 is greater than the energy of 1
SO2

4(c)(iii) surroundings 1

4(d)(i) right hand electrode labelled cathode (1) 2

electrolyte labelled (1)

4(d)(ii) product at positive electrode: oxygen (1) 4

observations at positive electrode: bubbles (1)

product at negative electrode: hydrogen (1)

observations at negative electrode: bubbles (1)

4(e) sodium sulfate (1) 3

carbon dioxide (1)

water (1)

4(f) colourless 1

Question Answer Marks

5(a) 1 mark each for any two of: 2

 iron has a high(er) melting point / boiling point

 iron has a high(er) density
 iron is strong(er)
 hard(er)

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Question Answer Marks

5(b) to provide heat / increase temperature (1) 2

to produce carbon dioxide (from the combustion of carbon) (1)

5(c)(i) mixture of a metal with another element 1

5(c)(ii) harder / stronger / more resistant to corrosion 1

5(d) lead<nickel<iron<magnesium (2) 2

if 2 marks not scored: 1 mark for 1 pair adjacent reversed OR

magnesium<iron<nickel<lead

Question Answer Marks

6(a)(i) 1.0 (mol / dm3) 1

2.0 (mol / dm3)
1.5 (mol / dm3)

6(a)(ii) takes longer time / time increases 1

6(a)(iii) takes shorter time / time decreases 1

6(b) filtration 1

6(c) 4th box down ticked (sodium nitrate) 1

Question Answer Marks

7(a)(i) circle around one or both COOH groups 1

7(a)(ii) C5H6O4 1

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Question Answer Marks

7(a)(iii) orange (1) 2

to colourless (1)

7(b) (family / group of similar) compounds with similar chemical properties (1) 2

having the same functional group (1)

7(c) magnesium ethanoate (1) 2

hydrogen (1)

7(d) 88 (2) 2

If 2 marks not scored 1 mark for 32 (for O)

OR 8 (for H)

7(e) ethene (1) 2

steam / water (1)

Question Answer Marks

8(a) 1 mark each for any 2 of: 2

 poor thermal conductor / poor conductor of heat

 not malleable / brittle
 not ductile
 low melting point / low boiling point

8(b)(i) car engines 1

8(b)(ii) respiratory problems / photochemical smog 1

© UCLES 2023 Page 12 of 13

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Question Answer Marks

8(c)(i) pair of electrons (1) 2

(electron(s) shared) between two atoms (1)

8(c)(ii) 3 dot-and-cross bonding pairs between each H and N and no extra electrons on H (1) 2

Two non-bonding electrons on N (1)

8(c)(iii) pH 10 1

8(c)(iv) 1 mark each for any 3 of: 3

 evaporation (of ammonia)
 diffusion (molecules)
 molecules in (constant) movement / molecules
collide / hit / molecules travel / molecules move (rapidly)
 (movement of) molecules is random / in every direction
 molecules spread out / molecules mix
 molecules hit / reach litmus paper
 (molecules spread) from higher concentration to lower concentration / down concentration gradient

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2

1 Fig. 1.1 shows part of the Periodic Table.

I II III IV V VI VII VIII

He
C N O Ne
Cl
K Ca Cr Cu Zn Br
Sr I

Fig. 1.1

Answer the following questions using only the elements in Fig. 1.1.
Each symbol of the element may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Give the symbol of the element that:

(a) forms 21% by volume of clean, dry air

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) has an atom with only three occupied electron shells

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) has an atom with only one electron in its outer shell

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) is a grey-black solid at room temperature

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) forms an ion that gives a green precipitate on addition of aqueous ammonia

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(f) is used in electrical wiring because of its good ductility.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 6]

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3

2 (a) Table 2.1 shows some properties of the halogens.

Table 2.1

density at room
melting point boiling point
halogen temperature and
in °C in °C
pressure in g / cm3
chlorine –101 –35 0.003
bromine –7 +59 3.12
iodine +114 4.93
astatine +302 +337

Use the information in Table 2.1 to predict:

(i) the boiling point of iodine .............................................................................................. [1]

(ii) the density of astatine at room temperature and pressure ........................................... [1]

(iii) the physical state of bromine at +50 °C. Give a reason for your answer.

physical state ......................................................................................................................

reason .................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Aqueous bromine reacts with aqueous potassium iodide.

(i) Complete the word equation for this reaction.

potassium ........................
bromine + → ........................ +
iodide
........................

[2]

(ii) Explain why aqueous iodine does not react with aqueous potassium bromide.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Describe a test for iodide ions.

test ......................................................................................................................................

observations .......................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 9]

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10

6 (a) A student investigates the reaction of different-sized pieces of calcium carbonate with dilute
hydrochloric acid.

The sizes of the pieces of calcium carbonate are:

● large
● medium
● small.

All other conditions stay the same.

Table 6.1 shows the time taken for each reaction to finish.

Table 6.1

size of pieces of time taken for the

calcium carbonate reaction to finish / s

160

50

450

(i) Complete Table 6.1 by writing the sizes of the pieces of calcium carbonate in the first
column. [1]

(ii) Describe the effect on the time taken for small pieces of calcium carbonate to finish reacting
with dilute hydrochloric acid when the temperature is increased.

All other conditions stay the same.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Describe the effect on the time taken for small pieces of calcium carbonate to finish reacting
with dilute hydrochloric acid when the concentration of hydrochloric acid is decreased.

All other conditions stay the same.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Crystals of calcium chloride can be prepared by reacting excess calcium carbonate with dilute
hydrochloric acid.

Name the process used to separate the unreacted calcium carbonate from the rest of the
reaction mixture.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(c) Calcium carbonate is insoluble in water.

Choose one other compound that is insoluble in water.

Tick (✓) one box.

ammonium sulfate

potassium nitrate

silver chloride

sodium hydroxide
[1]

[Total: 5]

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12

7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows the displayed formula of compound D.

C H
H O C

C H

H C O H

C
O O H

Fig. 7.1

(i) On Fig. 7.1 draw a circle around the alcohol functional group. [1]

(ii) Deduce the molecular formula of compound D.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Explain, by referring to the structure in Fig. 7.1, why compound D is unsaturated.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Ethene is also an unsaturated compound.

(i) Draw the displayed formula of ethene.

[1]

(ii) Describe a test for unsaturated compounds.

test ......................................................................................................................................

observations .......................................................................................................................
[2]

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(c) Ethene can be manufactured by cracking larger alkane molecules.

(i) State two conditions for cracking.

1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Complete the symbol equation for the cracking of decane, C10H22, to produce ethene and
one other hydrocarbon.

C10H22 → C2H4 + ................ [1]

(d) Ethanol can be manufactured by the reaction of ethene with steam.

Name one other method of manufacturing ethanol.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) Ethanol can be oxidised to ethanoic acid.

Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium.

Name the salt formed when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(f) Ethanoic acid reacts with propanol.

The organic product has the molecular formula C5H10O2.

Complete Table 7.1 to calculate the relative molecular mass of C5H10O2.

Table 7.1

relative
atom number of atoms
atomic mass

carbon 12

hydrogen 1

oxygen 2 16 2 × 16 = 32

relative molecular mass = .............................. [2]

[Total: 13]

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8 This question is about non-metals and compounds of non-metals.

(a) Describe two physical properties which are typical of non-metals.

1 .................................................................................................................................................

2 .................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Methane is a compound of carbon and hydrogen.

(i) Complete Fig. 8.1 to show the dot-and-cross diagram for a molecule of methane.

Show outer shell electrons only.

H C H

Fig. 8.1
[1]

(ii) Methane is an alkane.

Write the general formula for alkanes.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Methane is an air pollutant.

State one source of methane in the air.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) State one adverse effect of methane in the air.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) Carbon particulates and water are two of the products of the incomplete combustion of
methane.

Name one other compound formed during the incomplete combustion of methane.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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15

(c) Sulfur dioxide is an air pollutant which contributes to acid rain.

(i) Choose from the list the pH value that is acidic.

Draw a circle around your chosen answer.

pH 4 pH 7 pH 9 pH 13 [1]

(ii) State two methods of reducing acid rain.

1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iii) Sulfur dioxide gas turns aqueous acidified potassium manganate(VII) from purple to
colourless.

Fig. 8.2 shows a gas jar of sulfur dioxide separated from a gas jar of air by a glass plate.
A piece of filter paper soaked in aqueous acidified potassium manganate(VII) is glued to
the top of the gas jar of air.

filter paper soaked

in aqueous acidified
potassium manganate(VII)
air

glass plate

sulfur dioxide

glass plate present a short time after the

glass plate is removed

Fig. 8.2

The glass plate is removed.

At first, the filter paper remains purple.
After a short time, the filter paper turns colourless.

Explain these results in terms of the kinetic particle theory.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 13]

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Question Answer Marks

1(a) O 1

1(b) Cl 1

1(c) K 1

1(d) I 1

1(e) Cr 1

1(f) Cu 1

Question Answer Marks

2(a)(i) values between 115 °C and 335 °C (inclusive of these values) 1

2(a)(ii) values between 4.95 and 15.0 (inclusive of these values) 1

2(a)(iii) liquid (1) 2

50 C is between the melting point and boiling point / 50 C is above the melting point and below the boiling point / 50 C is
higher than melting point but lower than boiling point / melting point below 50 C and boiling point above (1)

2(b)(i) iodine (1) 2

potassium bromide (1)

2(b)(ii) bromine is more reactive than iodine / iodine is less reactive than bromine 1

2(b)(iii) add (nitric acid and) silver nitrate (1) 2

yellow precipitate (1)

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Question Answer Marks

3(a)(i) 1 mark each for any two of: 2

 plastics
 sewage
 microbes

3(a)(ii) deoxygenation of water / remove oxygen from water 1

3(b)(i) potassium 1

3(b)(ii) nitrate 1

3(b)(iii) 0.4 (mg) 1

3(c)(i) add water 1

3(c)(ii) anhydrous 1

3(d) 2(H2O) (1) 2

H2 (1)

Question Answer Marks

4(a) (molecule) containing two atoms / (molecule) has two atoms 1

4(b) protons: 17 (1) 3

neutrons: 20 (1)

electrons: 18 (1)

4(c)(i) reaction that transfers thermal energy / reaction that gives out heat (1) 2

to the surroundings (1)

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4(c)(ii) Cl2 + H2 on left horizontal line AND 2HCl on right horizontal line 1

4(c)(iii) the energy of the reactants is greater than the energy of the product / the energy of Cl2 + H2 is greater than the energy of 1
HCl / the energy of the products is less than the energy of the reactants

4(d) red / pink 1

4(e)(i) sodium chloride (1) 2

water (1)

4(e)(ii) OH- 1

4(f)(i) left hand electrode labelled anode (1) 2

electrolyte labelled (1)

4(f)(ii) product at anode: chlorine (1) 4

observations at anode: green gas / bubbles (1)

product at cathode: hydrogen (1)

observations at cathode: bubbles (1)

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Question Answer Marks

5(a)(i) hematite 1

5(a)(ii) carbon (1) 2

carbon dioxide (1)

5(b) coating with plastic / painting / greasing / galvanising 1

5(c) silver<chromium<beryllium <magnesium (1) 2

if 2 marks not scored: 1 mark for 1 pair reversed (consecutive) OR

magnesium<beryllium<chromium<silver

Question Answer Marks

6(a)(i) medium 1
small
large

6(a)(ii) takes shorter time / less time taken 1

6(a)(iii) takes longer time / more time taken 1

6(b) filtration 1

6(c) 3rd box down ticked (silver chloride) 1

Question Answer Marks

7(a)(i) circle around OH group 1

7(a)(ii) C5H6O5 1

7(a)(iii) has a C=C bond / has a carbon – carbon double bond 1

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Question Answer Marks

7(b)(i) 1

7(b)(ii) 2
aqueous bromine (1)

turns colourless / decolourises (1)

7(c)(i) catalyst (1) 2

high temperature (1)

7(c)(ii) C8H18 1

7(d) fermentation 1

7(e) sodium ethanoate 1

7(f) 102 (2) 2

If 2 marks not scored 1 mark for 60 (for C)

OR 10 (for H)

Question Answer Marks

8(a) 1 mark each for any 2 of: 2

 poor thermal conductor / poor conductor of heat

 poor electrical conductor
 not malleable / brittle
 not ductile
 low melting point / low boiling point

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Question Answer Marks

8(b)(i) pair of electrons between each H and C and no other electrons on the H atoms 1

8(b)(ii) CnH2n+2 1

8(b)(iii) decomposition of vegetation / waste gases from digestion in animals 1

8(b)(iv) (increased) global warming / climate change 1

8(b)(v) carbon monoxide 1

8(c)(i) pH 4 1

8(c)(ii) 1 mark each for any two of: 2

 catalytic converters
 low sulfur fuels
 flue gas desulfurisation

8(c)(iii) 1 mark each for any 3 of: 3

 diffusion
 molecules in (constant) movement / molecules collide / molecules travel
 (movement of) molecules is random / molecules (move) in every direction
 molecules spread out / molecules mix
 molecules hit filter paper / reach filter paper
 (molecules spread) from higher concentration to lower concentration / down concentration gradient

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6 (a) A student investigates the reaction of magnesium with dilute hydrochloric acid at three different
temperatures.

The temperatures are:

● 20 °C
● 30 °C
● 40 °C.

All other conditions stay the same.

Table 6.1 shows the time taken for each reaction to finish.

Table 6.1

temperature time taken for the

/ °C reaction to finish / s

45

210

95

(i) Complete Table 6.1 by writing the temperatures in the first column. [1]

(ii) Describe the effect on the time taken for the magnesium to finish reacting with dilute
hydrochloric acid when the surface area of the magnesium is increased.

All other conditions stay the same.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Describe the effect on the time taken for the magnesium to finish reacting with dilute
hydrochloric acid when the concentration of acid is decreased.

All other conditions stay the same.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Describe how crystals of magnesium chloride can be prepared after reacting excess
magnesium with dilute hydrochloric acid.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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(c) Magnesium chloride is soluble in water.

Choose one other compound that is soluble in water.

Tick (✓) one box.

ammonium sulfate

calcium carbonate

iron(II) hydroxide

silver chloride
[1]

[Total: 6]

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12

7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows the displayed formula of compound E.

H C H
C
H
C H

C
H O H
H

Fig. 7.1

(i) On Fig. 7.1 draw a circle around the functional group that makes compound E unsaturated.
[1]

(ii) Deduce the molecular formula of compound E.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Describe a chemical test to distinguish between a saturated and an unsaturated compound.

test ......................................................................................................................................

observations with saturated compound ..............................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

observations with unsaturated compound ..........................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Alcohols have an –OH functional group.

(i) Write the general formula for the alcohol homologous series.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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13

(ii) Ethanol is an alcohol with two carbon atoms in each molecule.

Draw the displayed formula of ethanol.

[1]

(c) Ethanol reacts to form a compound with the formula C6H12O2.

Complete Table 7.1 to calculate the relative molecular mass of C6H12O2.

Table 7.1

relative
atom number of atoms
atomic mass

carbon 6 12 6 × 12 = 72

hydrogen 1

oxygen 16

relative molecular mass = .............................. [2]

(d) Ethanol can be manufactured by the fermentation of aqueous glucose.

State two conditions for fermentation.

1 .................................................................................................................................................

2 .................................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(e) Ethanol can be oxidised to ethanoic acid.

Complete the word equation for the reaction of ethanoic acid with sodium.

ethanoic ........................
+ sodium → + ........................
acid
........................

[2]

[Total: 13]

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8 This question is about non-metals.

(a) Non-metals are poor thermal conductors.

Describe two other physical properties which are typical of non-metals.

1 .................................................................................................................................................

2 .................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Carbon dioxide contributes to increased global warming which leads to climate change.

State two strategies which help to reduce climate change caused by carbon dioxide.

1 .................................................................................................................................................

2 .................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Water is a simple molecular compound.

(i) Complete Fig. 8.1 to show the dot-and-cross diagram for a molecule of water.

Show outer shell electrons only.

H H

Fig. 8.1
[2]

(ii) State two properties of simple molecular compounds.

1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iii) Water is a good solvent.

State the meaning of the term solvent.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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16

(iv) Pure water has a neutral pH value.

Choose from the list, the pH value that is neutral.

Draw a circle around your chosen answer.

pH 1 pH 3 pH 7 pH 14 [1]

(v) A crystal of blue copper(II) sulfate is placed at the bottom of a beaker of water as shown
in Fig. 8.2.

water
crystal of
copper(II) sulfate

at first after one day

Fig. 8.2

After one day, the blue colour has spread throughout the water in the beaker.

Explain these results in terms of the kinetic particle theory.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 13]

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Question Answer Marks

5(a) 1 mark each for any two of: 2

 nickel has a high melting point / boiling point

 nickel has a high density
 nickel is strong / hard

5(b) hard / resistant to corrosion / strong 1

5(c) gold  nickel  lanthanum  magnesium (1) 2

if 2 marks not scored: 1 mark for 1 pair reversed (consecutive) OR

magnesium  lanthanum  nickel  gold

5(d) electronic configuration shown as 2,8,2 1

Question Answer Marks

6(a)(i) 40 °C 1
20 °C
30 °C

6(a)(ii) takes shorter time / less time taken 1

6(a)(iii) takes longer time / more time taken 1

6(b) filter (off excess magnesium) (1) 2

heat until point of crystallisation / heat until form saturated solution

6(c) first box down ticked (ammonium sulfate) 1

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Question Answer Marks

7(a)(i) circle around C=C bond 1

7(a)(ii) C4H8O 1

7(a)(iii) aqueous bromine / bromine water (1) 3

saturated: remains orange / no colour change (1)

unsaturated: decolourises / turns colourless (1)

7(b)(i) CnH2n+1OH 1

7(b)(ii) H H 1
│ │
H–C–C–O–H
│ │
H H

7(c) 116 (2) 2

if 2 marks not scored 1 mark for 32 (for O)

OR 12 (for H)

7(d) 1 mark each for any two of: 2

 25–35 °C (inclusive of these values)

 yeast
 absence of oxygen / anaerobic

7(e) sodium ethanoate (1) 2

hydrogen (1)

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Question Answer Marks

8(a) 1 mark each for any 2 of: 2

 not malleable / brittle

 not ductile
 poor electrical conductor
 low melting point / low boiling point

8(b) 1 mark each for two of: 2

 planting (more) trees

 reduction in livestock farming
 decreasing use of fossil fuels / increasing use of hydrogen / renewable energy

8(c)(i) pair of electrons between each H and O and no other electrons on H (1) 2

4 non-bonding electrons on O (1)

8(c)(ii) low melting points / low boiling points (1) 2

do not conduct electricity / do not conduct heat (1)

8(c)(iii) a substance that dissolves a solute 1

8(c)(iv) pH 7 1

8(c)(v) 1 mark each for any 3 of: 3

 copper sulfate dissolves / particles go into solution

 diffusion
 particles in (constant) movement / particles collide / molecules travel
 (movement of) particles is random/particles (move) in every direction
 particles spread out / particles mix
 (particles spread) from higher concentration to lower concentration / down concentration gradient

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2 (a) The symbols of the elements in Period 2 of the Periodic Table are shown.

Li Be B C N O F Ne

Use the symbols of the elements in Period 2 to answer the questions that follow.
Each symbol may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Give the symbol of the element that:

(i) makes up approximately 78% of clean, dry air ............................................................. [1]

(ii) contains atoms with only three electrons in the outer shell .......................................... [1]

(iii) contains atoms with only nine protons .......................................................................... [1]

(iv) exists as graphite .......................................................................................................... [1]

(v) is an alkali metal ........................................................................................................... [1]

(vi) only has an oxidation number of zero. ......................................................................... [1]

(b) Boron, B, has two isotopes.

(i) State the meaning of the term isotopes.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Table 2.1 shows the relative masses and the percentage abundances of the two isotopes
of boron.

Table 2.1

relative mass of isotope percentage abundance of isotope

10 20
11 80

Calculate the relative atomic mass of boron to one decimal place.

relative atomic mass = .............................. [2]

[Total: 10]

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8

5 This question is about electricity and chemical reactions.

(a) The electrolysis of concentrated aqueous potassium bromide using graphite electrodes forms:
● hydrogen at the cathode
● bromine at the anode.

The electrolyte becomes aqueous potassium hydroxide.

(i) State what is meant by the term electrolysis.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) State why graphite is suitable for use as an electrode.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Write an ionic half-equation for the formation of hydrogen at the cathode.

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iv) Name the type of particle responsible for the transfer of charge in the conducting wires.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) Name the type of particle responsible for the transfer of charge in aqueous
potassium bromide.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(vi) State the names of the products formed when electricity is passed through dilute aqueous
potassium bromide using graphite electrodes.

at the anode ........................................................................................................................

at the cathode ......................................................................................................................

[2]

(b) Bauxite is an ore containing aluminium.

Aluminium is extracted by electrolysis of purified bauxite in molten cryolite using carbon
electrodes.

(i) Name the aluminium compound in purified bauxite.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State two reasons why cryolite is used in this electrolysis.

1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(iii) The anode is made from carbon.

Explain why the carbon anode has to be replaced regularly.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells can be used to produce electricity in vehicles.

(i) Write the symbol equation for the overall reaction in a hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell.

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) State one advantage of using hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells instead of petrol in vehicle
engines.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 16]

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10

6 This question is about sulfur and compounds of sulfur.

Sulfur is converted into sulfuric acid, H2SO4, by the Contact process.

The process involves four stages.

stage 1 Molten sulfur is converted into sulfur dioxide.

stage 2 Sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen to form sulfur trioxide.
stage 3 Sulfur trioxide combines with concentrated sulfuric acid to form oleum, H2S2O7.
stage 4 Oleum reacts to form concentrated sulfuric acid.

(a) (i) In stage 1, iron pyrites, FeS2, can be used instead of molten sulfur.
The iron pyrites is heated strongly in air.

Balance the equation for the reaction occurring when iron pyrites reacts with oxygen in the
air.

.....FeS2 + .....O2 → .....Fe2O3 + .....SO2 [1]

(ii) Name Fe2O3. Include the oxidation number of iron.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The equation for stage 2 is shown.

2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)

The forward reaction is exothermic.

The reaction is carried out at a temperature of 450 °C and a pressure of 2 atm.

Using explanations that do not involve cost:

(i) explain why a temperature greater than 450 °C is not used

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) explain why a pressure lower than 2 atm is not used.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) When sulfuric acid reacts with ammonia the salt produced is ammonium sulfate.

Write the symbol equation for this reaction.

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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(d) Lead(II) sulfate is an insoluble salt.

Lead(II) sulfate can be made from aqueous ammonium sulfate using a precipitation reaction.

(i) Name a solution that can be added to aqueous ammonium sulfate to produce a precipitate
of lead(II) sulfate.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Write an ionic equation for this precipitation reaction. Include state symbols.

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

(iii) The precipitate of lead(II) sulfate forms in an aqueous solution.

Describe how pure lead(II) sulfate can be obtained from the mixture.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 13]

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Question Answer Marks

1(a) B 1

1(b) A 1

1(c) H 1

1(d) J 1

1(e) G 1

1(f) D 1

Question Answer Marks

2(a)(i) N 1

2(a)(ii) B 1

2(a)(iii) F 1

2(a)(iv) C 1

2(a)(v) Li 1

2(a)(vi) Ne 1

2(b)(i) M1 different atoms of the same element with the same number of protons(1) 2

M2 different numbers of neutrons(1)

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Question Answer Marks

2(b)(ii) M1 10  20 + 2
11 80
( = 1080)(1)

M2 (1080 ÷ 100 =) 10.8(1)

Question Answer Marks

3(a)(i) M1 Na with 2,8 all crosses(1) 3

M2 O with 2,8 outer shell with 6 dots and 2 crosses(1)

M3 + AND 2(1)

3(a)(ii) Na2O 1

3(b) M1 both bonds with 2 dots and 2 crosses(1) 2

M2 2 lone pairs
(all dots or all crosses) on both oxygen atoms completing all 3 octets(1)

3(c)(i) M1 positive ions and negative ions (1) 2

M2 strong attraction / strong bonds (1)

3(c)(ii) intermolecular forces 1

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Question Answer Marks

4(f) 2HgO → 2Hg + O2 2

M1 all formulae correct(1)

M2 equation correct(1)

5(a)(i) M1 breakdown by (the passage of) electricity(1) 2

M2 of an ionic compound in molten or aqueous (state) (1)

Question Answer Marks

5(a)(ii) graphite is inert AND graphite conducts electricity 1

5(a)(iii) 2H+ + 2e– → H2 2

M1 H+ + e as only species on LHS(1)

M2 equation correct(1)

5(a)(iv) electrons 1

5(a)(v) ions 1

5(a)(vi) M1 oxygen(1) 2
M2 hydrogen(1)

5(b)(i) aluminium oxide 1

5(b)(ii) any two from: 2

 solvent
 lowers the operating temperature
 increases conductivity

5(b)(iii) carbon reacts with oxygen and forms carbon dioxide 1

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Question Answer Marks

5(c)(i) 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O 2

M1 all formulae(1) M2 equation correct(1)

5(c)(ii) no carbon dioxide evolved 1

OR
more efficient

Question Answer Marks

6(a)(i) 4FeS2 + 11O2 → 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 1

6(a)(ii) iron(III) oxide 1

6(b)(i) yield of SO3 is less 1

6(b)(ii) yield of SO3 is less 1

OR

rate is less

6(c) 2NH3 + H2SO4 →(NH4)2SO4 2

M1 (NH4)2SO4 on the right (1)

M2 equation correct(1)

6(d)(i) lead(II) nitrate 1

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Question Answer Marks

6(d)(ii) Pb2+ (aq) +SO42-(aq) → PbSO4(s) 3

M1 PbSO4 on the right(1)

M2 only Pb2+ and SO42– on the left(1)

M3(aq) + (aq) → (s)(1)

6(d)(iii) M1 filter(1) 3

M2 wash (the residue or lead sulfate) with distilled or deionised water(1)

M3 description of drying(1)

Question Answer Marks

7(a)(i) needs or uses ultra violet light 1

7(a)(ii) M1 displayed formula of 1-chlorobutane(1) 2

M2 displayed formula of 2-chlorobutane(1)

7(b)(i) C4H6O3 1

7(b)(ii) M1 alkene(1) 3

M2 alcohol(1)

M3 carboxylic acid(1)

7(b)(iii) M1 turns colourless(1) 2

M2 bubbles / fizzing / effervescence(1)

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2

1 A list of oxides, A to H, is shown.

A calcium oxide
B aluminium oxide
C silicon(IV) oxide
D sulfur dioxide
E carbon dioxide
F iron(III) oxide
G silver oxide
H carbon monoxide

Answer the following questions about the oxides, A to H.

Each letter may be used once, more than once or not at all.

State which of the oxides, A to H:

(a) is responsible for acid rain

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) has a giant covalent structure

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) is a reducing agent in the blast furnace

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) is the main constituent of bauxite

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) is the main impurity in iron ore

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(f) can be reduced by heating with copper.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 6]

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2 Fluorine, chlorine and bromine are in Group VII of the Periodic Table.

(a) State the name given to Group VII elements.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Explain why Group VII elements have similar chemical properties.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Complete Table 2.1 to show the colour and state at r.t.p. of some Group VII elements.

Table 2.1

element colour state at r.t.p.

fluorine pale yellow

chlorine

bromine liquid

[3]

(d) Bromine has two naturally occurring isotopes, 79Br and 81Br.

(i) State the term given to the numbers 79 and 81 in these isotopes of bromine.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Complete Table 2.2 to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom
and ion of bromine shown.

Table 2.2

79 81
Br Br –

protons

neutrons

electrons

[3]

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4

(iii) Table 2.3 shows the relative abundances of the two naturally occurring isotopes of bromine.

Table 2.3

79 81
isotope Br Br
relative abundance 55% 45%

Calculate the relative atomic mass of bromine to one decimal place.

relative atomic mass = .............................. [2]

(e) Chlorine displaces bromine from aqueous potassium bromide but does not displace fluorine
from aqueous sodium fluoride.

(i) Write the symbol equation for the reaction between chlorine and aqueous potassium
bromide.

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) State why chlorine does not displace fluorine from aqueous sodium fluoride.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) Aqueous silver nitrate is a colourless solution containing Ag+(aq) ions.

(i) Describe what is seen when aqueous silver nitrate is added to aqueous sodium chloride.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous silver nitrate and aqueous
sodium chloride.

Include state symbols.

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 18]

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7

4 Solid sodium hydroxide is a base which dissolves to form an aqueous solution, NaOH(aq).

(a) State what is meant by the term base.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) State the term given to a base which dissolves to form an aqueous solution.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) State the colour of thymolphthalein in NaOH(aq).

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Complete the word equation for the reaction of NaOH(aq) with ammonium chloride.

sodium ammonium ........................

+ → + ........................ + ........................
hydroxide chloride
........................

[3]

(e) Some metal oxides react with NaOH(aq).

(i) State the term given to metal oxides which react with bases such as NaOH(aq).

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Name a metal oxide which reacts with NaOH(aq).

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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8

(f) Ethanoic acid, CH3COOH, is a weak acid.

(i) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram in Fig. 4.1 of a molecule of ethanoic acid.

H O

H C C

H O H

Fig. 4.1
[3]

(ii) Suggest the pH of dilute ethanoic acid.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Complete the symbol equation to show the dissociation of ethanoic acid.

CH3COOH .................................................................................................................... [3]

(iv) Write the ionic equation for the reaction when an acid neutralises a soluble base.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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9

(g) In a titration, 25.0 cm3 of 0.0800 mol / dm3 aqueous potassium hydroxide, KOH(aq), is neutralised
by 20.0 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4(aq).

2KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

Calculate the concentration of H2SO4, in g / dm3 using the following steps.

● Calculate the number of moles of KOH used.

.............................. mol

● Determine the number of moles of H2SO4 which react with the KOH.

.............................. mol

● Calculate the concentration of H2SO4 in mol / dm3.

.............................. mol / dm3

● Calculate the concentration of H2SO4 in g / dm3.

.............................. g / dm3
[5]

[Total: 21]

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5 Propane and propene both react with chlorine.

(a) When a molecule of propane, C3H8, reacts with chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet light, one
atom of hydrogen is replaced by one atom of chlorine.

(i) State the term given to reactions in which one atom in an alkane is replaced by another
atom.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the purpose of ultraviolet light in this reaction.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the term given to any reaction which requires ultraviolet light.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Write the symbol equation for the reaction between propane and chlorine.

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) A molecule of propene, C3H6, is unsaturated and will react with chlorine at room temperature.

(i) State why propene is an unsaturated molecule.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Give the structural formula of the product of this reaction.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Propene undergoes addition reactions with steam.

There are two possible products, A and B.

Draw the displayed formula and name each product.

displayed formula of product A

name of product A .....................................................................................................................

displayed formula of product B

name of product B .....................................................................................................................

[4]

[Total: 11]

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6 Carboxylic acids can be converted to esters.

(a) Name the ester formed when butanoic acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, reacts with ethanol, CH3CH2OH.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Identify the other product formed in this reaction.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Deduce the empirical formula of the ester formed.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) PET is a polyester. Part of the structure of PET is shown in Fig. 6.1.

O O O O

C C O O C C O O

Fig. 6.1

(i) Circle one repeat unit of this polymer. [1]

(ii) Draw the structures of the monomers which make up PET. Draw the functional groups
using displayed formulae.

[2]

(iii) State the type of polymerisation used in making PET.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

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Check the page above Q1(a) and assuming no relevant work is there, place ‘SEEN’ on the page
For equations, allow multiples (including fractions); ignore state symbols except Q2(f)(ii)

Question Answer Marks

1(a) D 1

1(b) C 1

1(c) H 1

1(d) B 1

1(e) C 1

1(f) G 1

Question Answer Marks

2(a) halogen(s) 1

2(b) same number of outer shell electrons 1

2(c) 3
gas

M1 pale yellow-green gas

M2 red-brown

M3 both gases

2(d)(i) nucleon number / mass number 1

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Question Answer Marks

2(d)(ii) 79Br 81Br– 3

protons 35 35

neutrons 44 46

electrons 35 36

Each row ✔

2(d)(iii) M1 79  55(%) + 81  45(%) 2

M2 7990 / 100 = 79.9

2(e)(i) Cl2 + 2KBr  2KCl + Br2 2

M1 KCl as product
M2 correct equation

2(e)(ii) chlorine less reactive than fluorine 1

2(f)(i) white precipitate 1

2(f)(ii) Ag+(aq) + Cl –(aq)  AgCl(s) 3

M1 AgCl as only product
M2 Ag+ + Cl – as only reactants (in 1 : 1 ratio)
M3 state symbols

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Question Answer Marks

4(a) proton acceptor 1

4(b) alkali 1

4(c) blue 1

4(d) M1 sodium chloride 3

M2 water
M3 ammonia

4(e)(i) amphoteric (oxides) 1

4(e)(ii) aluminium oxide 1

or
zinc oxide

4(f)(i) M1 all single bonding dot and cross pairs correct 3

M2 double C = O bond dot and cross pairs are correct
M3 complete diagram is correct

4(f)(ii) 3≤ pH < 7 1

4(f)(iii)i CH3COOH ⇌ CH3COO– + H+ 3

M1 H+
M2 CH3COO–
M3 use of ⇌

4(f)(iv) H+ + OH–  H2O 1

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Question Answer Marks

4(g) M1 mol KOH = 0.0800  25 / 1000 5

= 0.002(00) / 2(00)  10–3

M2 mol H2SO4 = M1 / 2 = 0.002 / 2

= 0.001(00) / 1(00  10–3

M3 = M2  1000 / 20 = 0.001  1000 / 20

= 0.05(00) / 5.(00)  10–2

M4 = 98

M5 = 98  M3 = 98  0.05(00) = 4.9(0) (g / dm3)

Question Answer Marks

5(a)(i) substitution 1

5(a)(ii) provide activation energy 1

5(a)(iii) photochemical 1

5(a)(iv) C3H8 + Cl2  C3H7Cl + HCl 2

M1 HCl M2 equation correct

5(b)(i) it has a carbon-carbon bond which is not a single bond 1

5(b)(ii) CH3CHClCH2Cl 1

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Question Answer Marks

5(c) M1 displayed formula of propan-1-ol 4

M2 displayed formula of propan-2-ol

M3 propan-1-ol
(as either name)

M4 propan-2-ol (under displayed formula of propan-2-ol)

Question Answer Marks

6(a) ethyl butanoate 1

6(b) water 1

6(c) C3H6O 1

6(d)(i) 1 repeat unit circled 1

6(d)(ii) M1 displayed diol on correct box (unshaded) 2

M2 displayed dioic acid on correct box (shaded)

6(d)(iii) condensation 1

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4 Hydrogen is produced by the reaction between zinc and dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4.

Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)

(a) A student carries out an experiment using excess zinc and dilute sulfuric acid.

The student measures the volume of hydrogen produced at regular time intervals using the
apparatus shown in Fig. 4.1.

Lumps of zinc are used.

gas syringe

dilute sulfuric acid

lumps of zinc

Fig. 4.1

The rate of reaction decreases as the reaction progresses. The rate eventually becomes zero.

(i) Explain why the rate of reaction decreases as the reaction progresses.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain why the rate of reaction eventually becomes zero.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The experiment is repeated using powdered zinc instead of lumps of zinc.
All other conditions remain the same.

Explain, in terms of collision theory, why the rate of reaction increases if powdered zinc is used.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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9

(c) The equation for the reaction is shown.

Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)

25.0 cm3 of 2.00 mol / dm3 H2SO4(aq) is added to excess zinc.

Calculate the volume of H2 formed at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). The volume of
one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at r.t.p.
Use the following steps.

● Calculate the number of moles of H2SO4 used.

.............................. mol

● Deduce the number of moles of H2 produced.

.............................. mol

● Calculate the volume of H2 formed at r.t.p.

.............................. dm3
[3]

(d) Hydrogen can also be produced by the reaction of zinc with dilute hydrochloric acid.

(i) Write a symbol equation for this reaction.

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) State the test for hydrogen gas.

test ......................................................................................................................................

positive result ......................................................................................................................

[1]

[Total: 10]

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10

5 This question is about electricity and chemical reactions.

(a) Aqueous copper(II) sulfate is an electrolyte.

The electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate using inert electrodes forms:
● copper at the cathode
● oxygen at the anode.

(i) State what is meant by the term electrolyte.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) State the term given to the Roman numeral, (II), in the name copper(II) sulfate.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State what happens to the colour of the aqueous copper(II) sulfate as this electrolysis
progresses.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Write an ionic half-equation for the formation of copper at the cathode.

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(v) Give the formula of the ion that forms oxygen at the anode.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate is repeated using copper electrodes.

State what happens to the anode.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Spoons can be electroplated with silver.

(i) Name the substances used as:

the anode (positive electrode) ............................................................................................

the cathode (negative electrode) ........................................................................................

the electrolyte. ....................................................................................................................

[3]

(ii) State two reasons why spoons are electroplated.

1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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11

(d) Hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells can be used to produce electricity to power cars.
Petrol produces carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide when it powers cars.

(i) State one adverse effect of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.

carbon dioxide ....................................................................................................................

carbon monoxide ................................................................................................................

[2]

(ii) State one disadvantage, other than cost, of using hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells to power
cars compared to using petrol.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 16]

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12

6 This question is about nitrogen and compounds of nitrogen.

(a) Ammonia is manufactured by the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen in the Haber
process.
The equation is shown.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

(i) State the source of nitrogen for the Haber process.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the source of hydrogen for the Haber process.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the typical conditions used in the Haber process.

temperature ......................................... °C

pressure ............................................... atm

[2]

(iv) Name the catalyst used in the Haber process.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) State what is meant by the term catalyst.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Ammonia is converted into nitric acid.

(i) The first stage is the conversion of ammonia into nitrogen monoxide, NO.
The equation is shown.

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

The reaction is carried out at a temperature of 900 °C and a pressure of 7 atm.

The forward reaction is exothermic.

Using explanations that do not involve cost:

● explain why a temperature less than 900 °C is not used

.............................................................................................................................................

● explain why a pressure greater than 7 atm is not used.

.............................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(ii) In the second stage, nitrogen monoxide reacts with water and oxygen to produce nitric acid.

Balance the symbol equation for the reaction.

.....NO + .....O2 + .....H2O → .....HNO3 [1]

(c) A student makes aqueous copper(II) nitrate by adding an excess of solid copper(II) carbonate
to dilute nitric acid.

(i) Write the symbol equation for this reaction.

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) State two observations that indicate the copper(II) carbonate is in excess.

1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iii) Name one compound, other than copper(II) carbonate, that can be added to dilute
nitric acid to produce aqueous copper(II) nitrate.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 15]

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7 This question is about organic compounds.

(a) Propane and chlorine react at room temperature. An equation for the reaction is shown.

C3H8 + Cl 2 → C3H7Cl + HCl

(i) State the condition required for this reaction.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Draw the displayed formulae of two structural isomers with the formula C3H7Cl.

[2]

(b) Alkenes are a homologous series of hydrocarbons.

(i) State two characteristics that all members of the same homologous series have in
common.

1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Addition polymers are made from alkenes.

Complete Fig. 7.1 to show one repeat unit of the addition polymer formed from but-2-ene.

C C

Fig. 7.1
[2]

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15

(c) A repeat unit of a condensation polymer is shown in Fig. 7.2.

The polymer is made from two monomers.

O O

C CH2 C O CH2CH2 O

Fig. 7.2

(i) Draw the structures of the monomers used to produce the polymer in Fig. 7.2.

[2]

(ii) Name the type of condensation polymer in Fig. 7.2.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Name the two homologous series to which the monomers in (i) belong.

1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 12]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2023 0620/43/M/J/23

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PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

4(b) M1 greater surface area (of zinc) 2

M2 frequency of collisions between (zinc and acid) particles increases

4(c) M1 mol H2SO4 = 2.00 x 25.0/1000 = 0.05(00) 3

M2 mol H2 = M1 = 0.05(00)

M3 vol H2 = M2  24 = 1.2(0)

4(d)(i) Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2 2

M1 ZnCl2
M2 equation correct

4(d)(ii) lighted splint and (squeaky) pop 1

Question Answer Marks

5(a)(i) M1 ionic compound 2

M2 molten and / or aqueous

5(a)(ii) oxidation number (of copper) 1

5(a)(iii) fades / (becomes) colourless 1

5(a)(iv) Cu2+ + 2e → Cu 2

M1 Cu2+ and (any number of) e on left hand side

M2 equation correct

5(a)(v) OH– 1

5(b) anode dissolves 1

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Question Answer Marks

5(c)(i) M1 silver 3

M2 spoon

M3 (aqueous or solution) of silver nitrate

5(c)(ii) M1 prevent corrosion 2

M2 improve appearance

5(d)(i) M1 carbon dioxide: (increased) global warming 2

M2 carbon monoxide: toxic

5(d)(ii) needs high pressure to store hydrogen 1

Question Answer Marks

6(a)(i) air 1

6(a)(ii) methane 1

6(a)(iii) M1 450 (°C) 2

M2 200 (atm)

6(a)(iv) iron 1

6(a)(v) M1 (a substance which) increases the rate of a reaction 2

M2 remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

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Question Answer Marks

6(b)(i) temperature change: 2

M1 low(er) rate (of reaction)

pressure change:
M2 (position of) equilibrium shifts to the left hand side/ towards reactants

6(b)(ii) 4NO + 3O2 + 2H2O →.4HNO3 1

6(c)(i) CuCO3 + 2HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O 2

M1 Cu(NO3)2
M2 correct equation

6(c)(ii) M1 undissolved solid 2

M2 effervescence stops on addition of more copper(II) carbonate

6(d)(iii) copper(II) oxide or 1

copper(II) hydroxide

Question Answer Marks

7(a)(i) ultraviolet (light) 1

7(a)(ii) M1 displayed formula of 2

1–chloropropane

M2 displayed formula of 2–chloropropane

7(b)(i) any 2 from: 2

(same) general formula

(same / similar) chemical properties or reactions

(contain the same) functional group

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Question Answer Marks

7(b)(ii) M1 single bond between the two C atoms (and nothing on continuation bonds) 2

M2 1 CH3 group and 1 H on first carbon and 1 CH3 group and 1 H on second carbon and whole structure correct

7(c)(i) M1 structural formula of 2

propan-1,3-dioic acid

M2 structural formula of
ethan-1,2-diol

7(c)(ii) polyester 1

7(c)(iii) M1 carboxylic acids 2

M2 alcohols

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2

1 A student finds the concentration of a dilute acid, HA(aq), by titration.

The student:

• adds 25.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide to a conical flask

• adds a few drops of methyl orange indicator to the aqueous sodium hydroxide
• slowly adds HA(aq) to the aqueous sodium hydroxide until the methyl orange changes colour
• records the volume of HA(aq) added.

(a) (i) Fig. 1.1 shows the apparatus the student uses to measure 25.0 cm3 of aqueous
sodium hydroxide.

50

40

30

20

10

Fig. 1.1

Name the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Name a more suitable piece of apparatus to measure 25.0 cm3 of aqueous
sodium hydroxide.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Fig. 1.2 shows the apparatus used to determine the volume of HA(aq) at the end of the
experiment.

23

24

Fig. 1.2

Name the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.2.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
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3

(iv) The initial reading on this apparatus is 1.0 cm3.

Use Fig. 1.2 to determine the volume of HA(aq) used in the titration.

volume of HA(aq) = .................................................. cm3 [1]

(b) The student washes the apparatus in Fig. 1.2 before it is used.

State the substance used to wash the apparatus.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Describe the colour change of the methyl orange at the end-point.

from ................................................................ to ................................................................ [1]

[Total: 6]

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4

2 (a) A student investigates the reaction of four metals, A, B, C and D, with aqueous
copper(II) sulfate.

The four metals are all grey solids.

The student:

• puts 25 cm3 of aqueous copper(II) sulfate into a beaker and measures its temperature
• records this temperature in Table 2.1
• adds a sample of A to the aqueous copper(II) sulfate
• stirs the reaction mixture until there is no further increase in temperature
• measures the highest temperature of the mixture and records this temperature in
Table 2.1
• observes any changes in the appearance of the mixture in the beaker.

The student repeats the experiment three more times using B, C and D instead of A.

The results for D are shown in Fig. 2.1.

30 60

20 50

10 40
initial highest
temperature for D temperature for D

Fig. 2.1

The results for A, B and C are shown in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

initial temperature highest temperature temperature increase

metal
/ °C / °C / °C

A 20 69.5 49.5

B 24.5 46.0

C 22.0 61.0 39.0

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5

(i) State the value in Table 2.1 which the student records to an incorrect degree of precision.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The temperatures for D are shown in Fig. 2.1.

Record these temperatures in Table 2.1.

Calculate and record the temperature increases for B and D in Table 2.1.
[3]

(iii) The equation for the reaction between B and aqueous copper(II) sulfate is shown.

B(s) + CuSO4(aq) BSO4(aq) + Cu(s)

Copper(II) sulfate is a blue solution.

At the end of the experiment, the student observes a colourless solution, a grey solid
and a brown solid.

Explain how these observations show that B is in excess in this reaction.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Using the equation in (iii), write the formula for:

• the colourless solution

• the grey solid
• the brown solid.

colourless solution .............................................................................................................

grey solid ...........................................................................................................................

brown solid ........................................................................................................................

[1]

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6

(b) Use your results to arrange A, B, C and D in decreasing order of reactivity.

Explain how the results give this order of reactivity.

most reactive ......................

......................

......................

least reactive ......................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) A student repeats the experiment using a fifth metal.

This metal is the second most reactive of the five metals.

Suggest a temperature increase for this experiment.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) The temperature increases measured are less than the true values for these experiments.

Suggest a reason for this.

Describe an improvement to the method which makes the results closer to the true values.

reason .......................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

improvement .............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(e) State and explain the effect of using half the concentration of aqueous copper(II) sulfate on
the temperature increase for metal A.

effect .........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

[Total: 14]
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7

3 A student does a series of experiments to investigate solution R.

(a) The student leaves a wooden splint with one end dipped into R for ten minutes. The student
then places the damp end of the wooden splint into a blue Bunsen burner flame.

The flame briefly shows a shade of red and then turns yellow.

(i) State two possible conclusions from this observation.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Explain why it is difficult to make a definite conclusion from the observation in (a)(i).

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The student adds dilute nitric acid to R, followed by aqueous barium nitrate.

The student concludes that R does not contain sulfate ions.

State the observation which allows the student to make this conclusion.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) The student adds dilute nitric acid to R, followed by aqueous silver nitrate.

The student observes a white precipitate.

State a conclusion from this observation.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) The student adds aqueous silver nitrate to aqueous sodium carbonate. A white precipitate
forms.

The student adds dilute nitric acid a drop at a time until no further change is seen.

The white precipitate dissolves to form a colourless solution.

(i) Describe one other observation.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest why it is important to add dilute nitric acid in (c).

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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8

(e) The student adds a few drops of aqueous sodium hydroxide to R.

State the observation the student makes which suggests that R may contain Ca2+.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(f) Describe what else the student needs to do to confirm that Ca2+ ions are present.

State what the student observes.

what the student does ..............................................................................................................

observation ...............................................................................................................................
[2]

(g) The student warms the solution from (e).

The student concludes that ammonia gas is produced.

(i) State the observation the student makes which confirms that ammonia gas is produced.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Identify a cation, other than calcium, present in R.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(h) Solution R is made from a mixture of two different ionic compounds.

Suggest the names of these two compounds.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 14]

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9

4 Barium carbonate decomposes when heated. The word equation for the reaction is shown.

barium carbonate barium oxide + carbon dioxide

Plan an experiment to determine the percentage loss in mass when barium carbonate is heated.

Your plan must include the use of common laboratory apparatus and a sample of barium carbonate.
No other chemicals should be used.

Your plan must include:

• the apparatus needed

• the method to use and the measurements to take
• procedures to ensure that the percentage determined is as accurate as possible
• how the measurements are used to determine the percentage loss in mass.

You may draw a diagram to help answer the question.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

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2

1 (a) A student finds the amount of iron(II) ions in a solution by titration.

The student:

• uses a volumetric pipette to add 25.0 cm3 of aqueous iron(II) sulfate to a conical flask
• adds approximately 20 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid to the flask
• slowly adds aqueous potassium manganate(VII) to the conical flask until the solution
just turns pink
• repeats the titration several times.

(i) Fig. 1.1 shows the apparatus the student uses to measure the volume of dilute
sulfuric acid.

50

40

30

20

10

Fig. 1.1

Name the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain why the student does not need to use a volumetric pipette to measure the
volume of dilute sulfuric acid.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Describe how the student uses the volumetric pipette to measure 25.0 cm3 of aqueous
iron(II) sulfate safely.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Name the apparatus the student uses to add the aqueous potassium manganate(VII) to the
flask.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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3

(c) State why the student does not need to add an indicator to this titration.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Explain how the student knows when they have done enough titrations.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 6]

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4

2 A student investigates the temperature change when a solid completely dissolves in water.

The student:

• measures 25 cm3 of distilled water and pours it into a beaker

• uses a thermometer to measure the initial temperature of the water in the beaker
• records this temperature in Table 2.1 at time 0 s
• adds a sample of the solid to the beaker and starts a stop-watch
• stirs the mixture and records the temperature and time at 60 s intervals for a total of 300 s.

Some of the results are shown in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

temperature
time / s
/ °C

0 19.5

60 13.0

120

180 14.0

240 14.5

300

(a) (i) Fig. 2.1 shows the results for 120 s and 300 s.

20 20

10 10

temperature temperature
at 120 s at 300 s

Fig. 2.1

Record the values from Fig. 2.1 to the nearest 0.5 °C in Table 2.1. [3]

(ii) Calculate the maximum temperature change in the investigation.

maximum temperature change ..................................................... °C [1]

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5

(iii) Describe the trends shown in the results in Table 2.1.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iv) Suggest the temperature of the mixture if it is left for 60 minutes.

Explain your answer.

temperature after 60 minutes .............................. °C

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Describe the energy change when the solid dissolves in water.

Explain how the results in Table 2.1 support your answer.

description ................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Explain why it is important for the student to stir the mixture.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) The maximum temperature change calculated is not the true value for this investigation.

This may be because the volume of water and the temperature are not measured precisely.

Explain how to obtain a more precise temperature measurement.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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6

(e) The maximum temperature change calculated is less than the true value for this investigation.

Suggest a reason for this, other than the precision of measurements.

Describe an improvement to the method which reduces this error.

reason .......................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

improvement .............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 14]

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8

3 A student does a series of experiments to investigate solution R.

(a) (i) The student leaves a wooden splint with one end dipped into R for ten minutes. The
student then places the damp end of the wooden splint into the flame of a Bunsen burner
with the air hole open.

The student concludes that R contains sodium ions.

State the observation which allows the student to make this conclusion.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain why the air hole on the Bunsen burner must be open when doing this flame test.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) (i) The student adds dilute nitric acid to R.

The student observes effervescence of a colourless gas which turns limewater milky.

State the conclusions from these observations.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) The student adds aqueous barium nitrate to some of the mixture from (b)(i).

The student concludes that R contains sulfate ions.

State the observation which allows the student to make this conclusion.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) The student adds aqueous silver nitrate to some of the mixture from (b)(i).

The student observes a colourless solution.

State a conclusion from this observation.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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9

(iv) The student adds aqueous sodium hydroxide to R and warms the mixture.

Describe a test and observation to show that R does not contain ammonium ions.

test ....................................................................................................................................

observation .........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Solution R is made from a mixture of two different ionic compounds.

Suggest the names of these two compounds.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(d) The student tests a different solution, P, and finds it difficult to decide whether the solution
contains chloride ions or bromide ions.

The student also has aqueous potassium chloride and aqueous potassium bromide.

Suggest how the student could use the aqueous potassium chloride and aqueous
potassium bromide to make it easier to decide whether P contains chloride ions or
bromide ions.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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10

(e) The student adds dilute hydrochloric acid to another solution and a gas is produced. The gas
is passed through limewater.

Describe how the gas can be passed through limewater.

You may draw a labelled diagram to help answer the question.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

[2]

[Total: 14]

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12

4 Copper(II) carbonate reacts with dilute sulfuric acid at room temperature.

The word equation for the reaction is shown.

copper(II) carbonate + sulfuric acid copper(II) sulfate + carbon dioxide + water

Plan an experiment to determine the volume of carbon dioxide formed when a known mass of
copper(II) carbonate completely reacts with dilute sulfuric acid.

Your plan must include the use of common laboratory apparatus, dilute sulfuric acid and
copper(II) carbonate. No other chemicals should be used.

Your plan must include:

• the apparatus needed

• the method to use and the measurements to take
• procedures to ensure that the volume measured is as accurate as possible.

You may draw a diagram to help answer the question.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

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5070/41 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 131 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) measuring cylinder 1

1(a)(ii) (volumetric) pipette 1

1(a)(iii) burette 1

1(a)(iv) 22.6 1

1(b) HA 1

1(c) yellow to red / pink 1

Question Answer Marks

2(a)(i) 20 1

2(a)(ii) 3
initial temperature highest temperature temperature change
metal
/ °C / °C / °C

A 20 69.5 49.5

B 24.5 46.0 21.5

C 22.0 61.0 39.0

D 21.0 53.5 32.5

M1 records initial and final temperatures correctly

M2 calculates both temperature changes correctly
M3 all answers to 1dp

2(a)(iii) grey solid remains / B remains (unreacted) 1

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 5 of 8

5070/41 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 132 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

2(a)(iv) BSO4 / B sulfate 1

B
Cu / copper

2(b) M1 metals arranged in descending order of temperature change (A,C,D,B) 2

M2 the greater the temperature change, the more reactive the metal

2(c) any value greater than 39 and less than 49.5 1

2(d) M1 heat loss 2

M2 (more) insulation / lid / polystyrene beaker

2(e) M1 (lower concentration will give) lower temperature change or rise / temperature change or rise reduced. 3
M2 the temperature change will be (approximately) reduced by half in each experiment
M3 only half the number of copper ions / fewer copper ions to react

Question Answer Marks

3(a)(i) M1 (may contain) lithium ions / Li+ 2

M2 (may contain) calcium ions / Ca2+

3(a)(ii) different ions give similar colours 1

3(b) colourless solution / no change 1

3(c) (R contains) chloride (ions) / Cl 1

3(d)(i) effervescence / fizzing / bubbles 1

3(d)(ii) to prevent ions other than chloride forming a white precipitate / to distinguish between chloride and carbonate 1

3(e) white precipitate 1

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 6 of 8

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May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

3(f) M1 add excess (aqueous) sodium hydroxide 2

M2 white precipitate

OR

M1 add (aqueous) ammonia

M2 no (white) precipitate or very slight white precipitate

3(g)(i) (gas turns damp) red litmus (paper) blue 1

3(g)(ii) ammonium / NH4+ 1

3(h) M1 calcium chloride 2

M2 ammonium chloride

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 7 of 8

5070/41 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 134 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

4 One mark from each section and any other two marks: 6

apparatus
M1 uses a suitable named container (to heat the solid)

method & measurements

M2 weigh / measures the mass of container / places beaker on balance and uses tare / sets to zero
M3 adds a sample of B and reweigh / adds 1 g of sample
M4 heats the sample of B in the container
M5 reweighs / measures the mass of the beaker and sample

accuracy
M6 reheats and reweighs until constant mass or no further change in mass is obtained
M7 repeat and take an average (of the mass) / repeat to test for reliability / reproducibility / identify anomalies

calculation
M8 (initial mass of sample - final mass of sample) ÷ initial mass sample  100

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 8 of 8

5070/42 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 135 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) measuring cylinder 1

1(a)(ii) (volume of) acid only needs to be approximate / volume of acid does not need to be accurate / volume of acid does not need 1
to be precise

1(a)(iii) uses a (safety pipette) filler (to suck the liquid up to the mark in the pipette and places liquid into the flask) 1

1(b) burette 1

1(c) potassium manganate(VII) / solution changes colour / is self-indicating 1

1(d) (two) results are within 0.2 cm3 of each other 1

Question Answer Marks

2(a)(i) M1 13.5C at 120 seconds: 3

M2 15.0C at 300 seconds:
M3 both values expressed to nearest 0.5

2(a)(ii) highest value – lowest value from, table 2.1 1

2(a)(iii) M1 temperature decreases (initially) 2

M2 temperature increases

2(a)(iv) M1 19.5 2
M2 reasonable explanation of returns to room temperature / initial temperature

2(b) M1 endothermic / reaction absorbs energy (from the surroundings) 2

M2 temperature decreases

2(c) to ensure an even temperature / to ensure that (all) the solid dissolves 1

2(d) use a thermometer graduated to less than 1 C intervals 1

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 5 of 7

5070/42 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 136 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

2(e) M1 heat gain (from the surroundings) 2

M2 (more) insulation / lid / use a polystyrene beaker

Question Answer Marks

3(a)(i) yellow flame 1

3(a)(ii) the Bunsen flame is blue (with air hole open) / the Bunsen flame is not yellow (with air hole open) / to prevent the yellow 1
Bunsen flame masking the flame colour

3(b)(i) M1 carbon dioxide formed 2

M2 (R contains) carbonate (ions) / CO32–

3(b)(ii) white precipitate 1

3(b)(iii) no chloride or bromide or iodide ions present 1

3(b)(iv) M1 (test gas with damp) red litmus paper 2

M2 no change in colour of (red) litmus / litmus paper does not turn blue

3(c) M1 sodium sulfate 2

M2 sodium carbonate

3(d) M1 do the halide / silver nitrate test on the potassium chloride and potassium bromide. 2
M2 compare the colour of the precipitates with the unknown / P

3(e) M1 use a dropping pipette to collect the gas / use a delivery tube (from the reaction vessel) 2
M2 bubble the gas through the test reagent (limewater)

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 6 of 7

5070/42 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 137 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

4 Maximum two marks from each section. 6

Apparatus
M1 Uses a suitable named container for the reaction e.g. (conical) flask / (Erlenmeyer) flask / boiling tube / test-tube
M2 Uses suitable named, graduated equipment to collect the gas e.g. gas syringe, burette over water, measuring cylinder
over water

Method & measurements

M3 measures the mass of carbonate
M4 uses excess acid
M5 uses a bung / cork in the reaction container
M6 measures volume (of gas) produced

Accuracy
M7 describes a method for adding acid e.g. small tube on a string inside container or placing bung on quickly to reduce gas
loss / divided (conical) flask
M8 Waits until no more effervescence / carbon dioxide formed / change in volume takes place / no solid remains / all
carbonate reacted (before measuring volume)
M9 repeat and take an average of the volume / repeat to test for reliability / reproducibility / identify anomalies

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 7 of 7

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2

1 Ethanol can be made by fermentation of sugars found in plants. A by-product of fermentation is

carbon dioxide gas.

A student made some ethanol using the following method.

step 1 Cut up some sugar cane and crush it.

step 2 Add hot water to the sugar cane and stir to dissolve the sugar in the sugar cane.
step 3 Remove the solids from the mixture to obtain sugar solution.
step 4 Let the sugar solution cool and then add yeast.
step 5 Place the mixture obtained in the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1.
step 6 Leave the apparatus until fermentation is complete.

sugar solution limewater

and yeast

Fig. 1.1

(a) Name the item of apparatus labelled A in Fig. 1.1.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Explain why hot water rather than cold water is used in step 2.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Name the method used to remove the solids from the mixture in step 3 and draw a diagram to
show how this is done.

name of process ........................................................................................................................

diagram

[2]

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3

(d) State why the sugar solution is allowed to cool before the yeast is added in step 4.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) Describe how the appearance of the limewater changes as fermentation takes place.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(f) Describe how the student could tell that fermentation is complete.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(g) Name the process used to separate ethanol from the mixture obtained by fermentation.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8]

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4

2 A student investigates the reaction between aqueous ammonia and two different aqueous solutions
of copper(II) sulfate labelled A and B. Solutions A and B have different concentrations.

The student does two experiments.

Experiment 1

● Fill a burette with solution A.

● Run some of solution A out of the burette so that the level of solution A is on the burette scale
and record the initial burette reading.
● Use a measuring cylinder to pour 25 cm3 of aqueous ammonia into a conical flask.
● Stand the conical flask on a white tile.
● Slowly add solution A from the burette to the conical flask, while swirling the flask, until the
mixture in the conical flask just starts to become cloudy.
● Record the final burette reading.

Experiment 2

● Empty the conical flask and rinse it with distilled water.

● Empty the burette and rinse it with distilled water.
● Rinse the burette with solution B.
● Repeat Experiment 1 using solution B instead of solution A.

(a) Use the burette diagrams in Fig. 2.1 and Fig. 2.2 to complete Table 2.1.

Experiment 1

0 17

1 18

2 19

initial reading final reading

Fig. 2.1

Experiment 2

8 20

9 21

10 22

initial reading final reading

Fig. 2.2

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5

Table 2.1

Experiment 1 Experiment 2
using solution A using solution B

final burette reading / cm3

initial burette reading / cm3

volume of aqueous
copper(II) sulfate added / cm3

[4]

(b) Explain why a white tile is used during the titration.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) In Experiment 2, the burette and the conical flask are both rinsed with water. The burette is
then rinsed with solution B.

(i) State why both the burette and the conical flask are rinsed with water.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain why the burette is then rinsed with solution B.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Describe how the result of Experiment 2 would be different if the conical flask is rinsed with
aqueous ammonia after rinsing with water.
Explain your answer.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

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6

(d) (i) Deduce which solution of copper(II) sulfate, A or B, is more concentrated.

Explain your answer.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Deduce how many times more concentrated this solution of copper(II) sulfate is than the
other solution of copper(II) sulfate.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) Describe how the reliability of the results obtained can be checked.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(f) Deduce the volume of solution A required when Experiment 1 is carried out with 10 cm3 of
aqueous ammonia.

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(g) In Experiments 1 and 2, the volume of aqueous ammonia is measured using a measuring
cylinder.

Give an advantage and a disadvantage of using a volumetric pipette instead of a measuring

cylinder to measure the volume of aqueous ammonia.

advantage ..................................................................................................................................

disadvantage .............................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 16]

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8

3 A student tests two solids: solid E and solid F.

Tests on solid E

Table 3.1 shows the tests and the student’s observations.

Table 3.1

tests observations
test 1

Gently heat half of solid E in a boiling tube. a solution forms, steam is given off and
condensation forms at the top of the tube

test 2

Dissolve the remaining solid E in water to form

solution E.
Divide solution E into three portions.

To the first portion of solution E, add aqueous a brown precipitate forms which
sodium hydroxide dropwise and then in excess. remains when excess is added

test 3

Warm the product of test 2 and test any gas the gas turns red litmus paper blue
produced.

test 4

To the second portion of solution E, add 1 cm no change

depth of dilute nitric acid followed by a few
drops of aqueous silver nitrate.

test 5

To the third portion of solution E, add 1 cm white precipitate

depth of dilute nitric acid followed by a few
drops of aqueous barium nitrate.

(a) State what conclusion can be made about solid E from the observations in test 1.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Identify the gas produced in test 3.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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9

(c) State what conclusion can be made about solid E from the observations in test 4.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Identify the three ions in solid E.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

Tests on solid F

Solid F is zinc sulfite.

Complete the expected observations.

The student dissolves solid F in water to form solution F.

The student divides solution F into three portions.

(e) To the first portion of solution F, the student adds aqueous ammonia dropwise until it is in
excess.

observations adding dropwise ...................................................................................................

observations in excess ..............................................................................................................

[2]

(f) To the second portion of solution F, the student adds a few drops of acidified aqueous
potassium manganate(VII).

observations ..............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(g) To the third portion of solution F, the student adds 1 cm depth of dilute nitric acid followed by a
few drops of aqueous barium nitrate.

observations ..............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 10]

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10

4 Solid cobalt(II) oxide is a base which is insoluble in water. It reacts very slowly with cold dilute
sulfuric acid to form a solution of cobalt(II) sulfate.

Describe how to make pure, dry crystals of hydrated cobalt(II) sulfate.

You are provided with cobalt(II) oxide, dilute sulfuric acid and common laboratory apparatus.

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Question Answer Marks

1(a) (conical) flask 1

1(b) (the sugars) dissolve fast(er) 1

1(c) M1 filtration 1

M2 minimum is a diagram to show a filter funnel lined with filter paper: 1

1(d) fermentation occurs between 25 °C and 35 °C / enzymes denatured (at high temperatures) 1

1(e) turns (from colourless to) milky 1

1(f) (there are) no more bubbles (in limewater) 1

1(g) (fractional) distillation 1

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Question Answer Marks

2(a) M1 final and initial burette reading for experiment 1 correct (18.3 and 0.6) 1

M2 final and initial burette reading for experiment 2 correct (21.0 and 9.2) 1

M3 both titres correct 17.7 and 11.8) 1

M4 all volumes recorded consistently to 1 dp or better 1

2(b) to make solid easier to see / so colour (change) easier to see 1

2(c)(i) to clean / remove solution A 1

2(c)(ii) to remove water 1

2(c)(iii) M1 more solution B needed 1

M2 as more (than 25 cm3 of) aqueous ammonia in flask 1

2(d)(i) solution B 1
and
as a smaller volume was needed / smaller titre

2(d)(ii) 1.5, ecf from results 1

2(e) repeat experiment 1

and
compare

2(f) M1 7.1 or calculated value of titre in experiment 1  2.5 1

M2 cm3 1

2(g) advantage: (more) accurate 1

disadvantage: slower / takes longer 1

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Question Answer Marks

3(a) hydrated / contains water 1

3(b) ammonia / NH3 1

3(c) solid C does not contain chloride, bromide or iodide ions 1

3(d) M1 ammonium / NH4+ 1

M2 iron(III) / Fe3+ 1

M3 sulfate / SO42- 1

3(e) M1 white precipitate 1

M2 dissolves / forms a colourless solution 1

3(f) (pink/purple / lilac solution) becomes colourless / decolourised 1

3(g) no change / remains colourless 1

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Question Answer Marks

4 any 6 from 6

MP1 adds cobalt(II) oxide to (dilute) sulfuric acid in a suitable container

MP2 cobalt(II) oxide is in excess

MP3 the mixture is stirred / mixed

MP4 the acid / mixture is heated/warmed

MP5 filter (to remove (excess) cobalt(II) oxide)

MP6 heat filtrate / solution / leave to evaporate (reject heat to dryness)

MP7 filter out crystals / description of drying crystals

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Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

 the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
 the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
 the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

 marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond
the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
 marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
 marks are not deducted for errors
 marks are not deducted for omissions
 answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.

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GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

Science-Specific Marking Principles

1 Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks
should not be awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.

2 The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for
any correct statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.

3 Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other
syllabus terms with which they may be confused (e.g. ethane / ethene, glucagon / glycogen, refraction / reflection).

4 The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically
correct way, the candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme
where necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted.

5 ‘List rule’ guidance

For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons …):

 The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided.
 Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n.
 Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n.
 Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be
awarded for any responses that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this
should be treated as a single incorrect response.
 Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science.

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6 Calculation specific guidance

Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show
your working’.

For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded
by the examiner to the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.

For answers given in standard form (e.g. a  10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1
and 10 is not followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.

Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded.
Exceptions to this general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.

7 Guidance for chemical equations

Multiples / fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

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Question Answer Marks

1(a) (conical) flask 1

1(b) (the sugars) dissolve fast(er) 1

1(c) M1 filtration 1

M2 minimum is a diagram to show a filter funnel lined with filter paper: 1

1(d) fermentation occurs between 25 °C and 35 °C / enzymes denatured (at high temperatures) 1

1(e) turns (from colourless to) milky 1

1(f) (there are) no more bubbles (in limewater) 1

1(g) (fractional) distillation 1

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Question Answer Marks

2(a) M1 final and initial burette reading for experiment 1 correct (18.3 and 0.6) 1

M2 final and initial burette reading for experiment 2 correct (21.0 and 9.2) 1

M3 both titres correct 17.7 and 11.8) 1

M4 all volumes recorded consistently to 1 dp or better 1

2(b) to make solid easier to see / so colour (change) easier to see 1

2(c)(i) to clean / remove solution A 1

2(c)(ii) to remove water 1

2(c)(iii) M1 more solution B needed 1

M2 as more (than 25 cm3 of) aqueous ammonia in flask 1

2(d)(i) solution B 1
and
as a smaller volume was needed / smaller titre

2(d)(ii) 1.5, ecf from results 1

2(e) repeat experiment 1

and
compare

2(f) M1 7.1 or calculated value of titre in experiment 1  2.5 1

M2 cm3 1

2(g) advantage: (more) accurate 1

disadvantage: slower / takes longer 1

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Question Answer Marks

1(a) beaker 1

1(b) arrow pointing upwards towards lead oxide 1

1(c) (the powder has) larger surface area / reacts faster / rate increases 1

1(d) M1 (ice) cools (steam / vapour / gas) 1

M2 (steam / vapour / gas) condenses / water (collects / forms) 1

1(e) (methane is) flammable 1

Question Answer Marks

2(a) M1 all five times correct (116, 80, 69, 46, 21) 1

M2 all times shown in seconds only 1

M3 all temperatures correct (20.5, 27.0, 30.0, 37.0, 46.5) 1

M4 all temperatures shown to 1 dp 1

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Question Answer Marks

2(b) M1 y-axis scale in linear and points extend over halfway up scale 1

M2 and M3 all points plotted correctly 2

M4 best fit line 1

2(c) experiment 5 1

2(d) M1 working shown on graph at 55 s 1

M2 correct value for temperature from their graph 1

2(e) M1 insulation / reduces heat loss 1

M2 temperature remains (more) constant / changes less / does not change / is maintained 1

2(f)(i) (burette) (more) accurate (than a measuring cylinder) 1

2(f)(ii) reaction starts while still adding the sodium thiosulfate / slow (to add) 1

2(g) otherwise it will react while it is being heated / temperature increases while it is reacting / reaction starts at a lower 1
temperature

2(h) M1 times shorter / decrease 1

M2 less depth to look through 1

Question Answer Marks

3(a) M1 use of a wire / splint to get substance into a flame 1

M2 putting sample INTO flame and identifying (Bunsen) flame as roaring / blue / non-luminous / hot 1

3(b) ammonia / NH3 1

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Question Answer Marks

3(c) M1 barium / Ba2+ 1

M2 nitrate / NO3– 1

3(d) white precipitate 1

3(e) M1 fizzing / bubbles / effervescence 1

M2 limewater becomes milky 1

3(f) M1 green precipitate 1

M2 remains in excess / does not dissolve / green precipitate 1

Question Answer Marks

4 any 6 from: 6

MP1 stated / known mass of polish / weigh polish

MP2 add nitric acid
MP3 nitric acid and polish / solid combined in a suitable container
MP4 warm / heat (polish and acid / water)
MP5 filter (wash) and dry residue / solid
MP6 find the mass of the silicon(IV) oxide
MP7 percentage = (mass of SiO2 / mass of polish)  100

max 6

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3 A student tests two solids: solid G and solid H.

Tests on solid G

Table 3.1 shows the student’s observations for solid G.

Solid G contains three ions.

Table 3.1

tests observations
test 1

Do a flame test on solid G. lilac coloured flame

test 2

Heat half of solid G in a boiling tube. solid G became a solution, condensation

Hold anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride paper above formed at the top of the boiling tube;
the boiling tube. cobalt(II) chloride paper turned pink

test 3

Dissolve the remaining solid G in water to form

solution G. Divide solution G into three portions.

To the first portion of solution G, add aqueous white precipitate which dissolves in excess
sodium hydroxide dropwise and then in excess.

test 4

To the second portion of solution G, add a pale purple solution

few drops of acidified aqueous potassium
manganate(VII).

test 5

To the third portion of solution G, add 1 cm3 white precipitate

of dilute nitric acid followed by a few drops of
aqueous barium nitrate.

(a) State what conclusion can be made about solid G from the observations in test 2.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) State what conclusion can be made about solid G from the observations in test 4.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(c) The observations in test 3 show that one of two possible cations could be in solid G.

Identify these two possible cations.

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.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(d) Identify two ions, other than those you gave in (c), which must be in solid G.

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.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

Tests on solid H

Solid H is copper(II) carbonate.

(e) About 10 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid is added to solid H.

Any gas given off is tested.

observations ..............................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

The solution formed in (e) is solution I.

Solution I is divided into two portions.

(f) To the first portion of solution I, add aqueous sodium hydroxide dropwise and then in excess.

observations when added dropwise ..........................................................................................

observations in excess ..............................................................................................................

[2]

(g) To the second portion of solution I, add 1 cm3 of dilute nitric acid followed by a few drops of
aqueous silver nitrate.

observations ..............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 11]

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4 Oxalic acid is a white solid which is soluble in both water and ethanol to form colourless solutions.

Plan an experiment to determine if oxalic acid is more soluble in water or in ethanol, at room
temperature.
Your answer should include how your results tell you if oxalic acid is more soluble in water or in
ethanol, at room temperature.

You are provided with oxalic acid, water, ethanol and common laboratory apparatus.

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Question Answer Marks

2(e) M1 working shown on graph at 3.5 g 1

M2 correct value from their graph 1

2(f) any 2 from: 2

 so that the sodium carbonate mix together
 so they react
 so the temperature is the same throughout the mixture

2(g) M1 insulation 1

M2 reduces heat being gained from the surroundings / keeps temperature lower / stops temperature going up 1
OR
M1 prevents heat loss / prevents heat gain / prevents energy exchange with surroundings
M2 stops temperature going up / reduces increase in temperature (after reaction has ended)

Question Answer Marks

3(a) hydrated / contains water 1

3(b) not a sulfite 1

3(c) M1 aluminium / Al 3+ 1

M2 zinc / Zn2+ 1

3(d) M1 potassium / K+ 1

M2 sulfate / SO42– 1

3(e) M1 effervescence / bubbles / fizzing 1

M2 lime water turns milky 1

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Question Answer Marks

3(f) M1 blue precipitate 1

M2 does not dissolve in excess 1

3(g) white precipitate 1

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Question Answer Marks

4 any 6 from: 6

add excess solute, find mass not dissolved

MP1 method is repeated for both ethanol and water
MP2 volume of ethanol / water known / stated / measured
MP3 solid added to solvent in a suitable container
MP4 add known / stated / measured mass of oxalic acid / solid to the solvent
MP5 shake / mix / stir
MP6 filter and find mass of solid left
MP7 smallest mass of solid is solvent in which it is the most soluble

OR

add solute gradually, stop when no more dissolves

MP1 method is repeated for both ethanol and water
MP2 volume of ethanol / water known / stated / measured
MP3 solid added to solvent in a suitable container
MP4 add stated / known mass / measure of ethanedioic acid
MP5 shake / mix / stir
MP6 if all dissolved, add more
MP7 largest mass / most measures added is solvent in which it is the most soluble

OR

add excess solute, find mass that dissolves

MP1 method is repeated for both ethanol and water
MP2 volume of ethanol / water known / stated / measured
MP3 solid added to solvent in a suitable container
MP4 add known / stated / measured mass of ethanedioic acid / solid to the solvent
MP5 shake / mix / stir
MP6 filter and heat solution to evaporate all solvent and weigh solid left
MP7 smallest mass of solid is solvent in which it is the most soluble

max 6

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