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O Level Physics June 2023 paper solving week v4 (1)_pagenumber

The document is a worksheet for Cambridge O Level Physics 5054, created by Nayeem Sir, which includes various physics problems related to motion, energy transfer, and waves. It contains diagrams, graphs, and questions that require calculations and explanations based on physics principles. The worksheet is intended for students preparing for their exams in June 2023.

Uploaded by

Ashik Ahmed Nayeem

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

5 views

O Level Physics June 2023 paper solving week v4 (1)_pagenumber

Uploaded by

Ashik Ahmed Nayeem

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Name of the proprietor of this worksheet:

Worksheet
Syllabus
Cambridge O Level
Physics 5054
UPaper solving Week 3: June 2023, P2 and P4
E e in the June and November series.

Nayeem Sir, 01581499263

Version 1
Please check the syllabus page at www.cambridgeinternational.org/5054
to see if this syllabus is available in your administrative zone.
Page 1 l Nayeem Sir
18

BLANK PAGE

Paper 2

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2

1 A ball is released from rest at point A and moves along a smooth track ABCDE as shown in
Fig. 1.1. The ball is shown at point A and as it passes point B.

The ball is always in contact with the track and air resistance is negligible.

ball
A

D E

Fig. 1.1

Fig. 1.2 shows the distance−time graph for the ball as it moves from A to E.

distance / m

X
X

0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
time / s

Fig. 1.2

(a) (i) On Fig. 1.2, mark:

• with the letter P one point where the ball accelerates

• with the letter Q one point where the ball has constant speed.
[2]

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(ii) Determine the speed of the ball at point X on Fig. 1.2.

Show your working.

speed = ................................................. m / s [3]

(b) The speeds of the ball at A, B, C and D are vA, vB, vC and vD respectively.

Arrange these four speeds from slowest to fastest.

slowest fastest

[1]

Name the force involved in the work done and describe the energy transfer.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(d) The track at point B is circular in shape.

On Fig. 1.1, draw an arrow to show the direction of the resultant force on the ball at point B.
[1]

[Total: 10]

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4

2 A small aircraft takes off from the horizontal deck of a ship.

Before taking off, the aircraft is held in place by a holdback bar.

When the holdback bar is released, the aircraft is pulled along the deck by a steam-powered
piston as shown in Fig. 2.1.

aircraft

cable for piston to

pull aircraft
deck of ship
holdback bar

piston pipe open to

atmosphere

tank containing
steam and
boiling water

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

The steam exerts a high pressure on the piston.

(a) (i) Explain, using ideas about particles, how the steam creates a pressure on the piston.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Explain why the pressure on the piston increases as the temperature of the steam
increases.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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5

(b) When the pressure is high enough, the holdback bar is released. The steam pushes the
piston along the pipe shown in Fig. 2.1.

The piston has a cross-sectional area of 0.30 m2.

The pressure of the steam in the tank is 2.1 × 106 Pa.

Atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 105 Pa.

Determine the resultant force on the piston caused by the pressure difference.

Show your working.

force = ..................................................... N [2]

The mass of the aircraft is 3.0 × 10 4 kg.

(i) Calculate the momentum of the aircraft at the maximum speed.

momentum = ............................................. kg m / s [2]

(ii) Calculate the time taken for the aircraft to reach the maximum speed.

time = ...................................................... s [2]

[Total: 10]

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6

3 A pan containing ice at –15 °C is placed on a gas heater as shown in Fig. 3.1.

Fig. 3.1

(a) Thermal conduction occurs in the metal from which the pan is made.

By referring to particles, describe the process of thermal conduction in a metal.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Fig. 3.2 shows how the temperature of the contents of the pan varies with time.

10
temperature / °C
5

–5

–10

–15
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
time / minutes

Fig. 3.2

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7

(i) State the melting temperature of ice in kelvin.

melting temperature = ...................................................... K [1]

(ii) Explain why the temperature of the water is constant as the ice melts.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) The initial mass of ice in the pan is 1.5 kg and the initial temperature is –15 °C.

The specific heat capacity of ice is 2100 J / (kg °C).

Calculate the energy required to warm the ice to its melting temperature.

energy = ...................................................... J [2]

(iv) All the energy transferred to the pan comes from the heater.

Using your answer to (iii) and Fig. 3.2, determine the power of the heater used to warm
the ice.

power = ..................................................... W [2]

(v) The graph in Fig. 3.2 has a smaller gradient when the water is liquid than when it is solid.

Suggest one reason why.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

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8

4 (a) Ultrasound of frequency 30 kHz has a wavelength of 0.011 m in air.

(i) State what is meant by ‘frequency’.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the speed of ultrasound in air.

Show your working.

speed = ................................................. m / s [2]

(iii) State one use of ultrasound.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Sound waves are longitudinal waves. Water waves are transverse waves.

(i) Describe, by referring to the movement of the particles in the wave, the difference
between a longitudinal wave and a transverse wave.

You may include a labelled diagram to help your description.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

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9

(ii) State one source of waves that generates both longitudinal and transverse waves.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

hill hill

diagram A diagram B

Fig. 4.1 (not to scale)

Explain why the radio waves in diagram A reach the house but the radio waves in diagram B
do not reach the house.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 10]

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10

5 Fig. 5.1 shows part of a circuit containing a 240 V mains supply connected to a lamp and two
heaters of resistance 40 Ω and 60 Ω.

240 V
a.c. mains 40 Ω 60 Ω
supply

Fig. 5.1

(a) Complete Fig. 5.1 by drawing the symbol for a fuse in the gap in the circuit. [1]

(b) (i) On Fig. 5.2 sketch a current−voltage graph for a filament lamp.

current

0
0 voltage

Fig. 5.2
[1]

(ii) Explain the shape of the current−voltage graph drawn in (i).

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

current = ...................................................... A [3]

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11

(d) The current in the lamp is 1.5 A.

(i) Suggest a suitable fuse rating for the fuse.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain why a fuse rating much larger than the value in (i) is not suitable.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) Explain why it is necessary to connect a fuse in the live wire rather than the neutral wire
or earth wire.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 11]

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12

6 Fig. 6.1 shows the structure of a simple electric motor.

rotation
magnet

S
commutator
N carbon brush

coil

battery

Fig. 6.1

The current in the coil causes the coil to rotate.

A student notices that the coil turns in the direction shown by the curved arrow in Fig. 6.1.

(a) (i) State what happens to the motor if a stronger magnet is used.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) On Fig. 6.1 mark and label:

• the direction of the current in the coil

• the direction of the magnetic field.
[1]

(iii) Explain why the coil turns.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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13

(b) Two vertical wires carry equal currents in opposite directions. They pass at right angles
through a piece of card as shown in Fig. 6.2.

current current
downwards upwards
card

Fig. 6.2

Fig. 6.3 is a view of the card from above.

key
current upwards
out of card
current downwards
into card

Fig. 6.3

(i) On Fig. 6.3 sketch the pattern of the magnetic field produced.

Indicate the direction of the magnetic field on the pattern that you draw.
[3]

(ii) The currents in the two wires cause the wires to repel each other.

Explain how the current in one wire causes a force on the other wire.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]

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14

7 (a) Table 7.1 shows four different nuclei.

Table 7.1

thorium-236 protactinium-236 uranium-235 uranium-238

236Th 236Pa 235U 238U

90 91 92 92

(i) State which two nuclei have the same number of protons.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State which two nuclei have the same number of neutrons.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State which two nuclei have the same number of nucleons.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) A teacher uses a Geiger-Müller tube and a counter to measure the background radiation in
the laboratory.

The counter records 20 counts per minute.

A radioactive source is then placed in front of the tube and the counter records 420 counts
per minute.

(i) State what is meant by ‘background radiation’.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The measured count rate of 420 counts per minute can be corrected for background
radiation.

Calculate the corrected count rate from the source.

count rate = ........................... counts per minute [1]

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15

(iii) The radioactive source has a half-life of 45 minutes.

Determine the reading on the counter 90 minutes later.

reading on counter = ........................... counts per minute [2]

(iv) Suggest why your answer to (iii) is only an estimate.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

Draw a line on Fig. 7.1 from each use of radiation to the type of radiation used. One line has
been drawn for you.

Each type of radiation can be used once, more than once or not at all.

use of radiation type of radiation

household fire
(smoke) alarm
a-particle
irradiating food
to kill bacteria
b-particle
sterilisation of
equipment
c-radiation
measuring
paper thickness

Fig. 7.1
[2]

[Total: 10]

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16

8 Table 8.1 shows data about three planets, Mercury, Venus and Earth.

Table 8.1

time for average gravitational field

distance from density
one orbit of strength at surface
Sun / km
Sun / days kg / m3 N / kg
Mercury 88 5.8 × 107 5400 3.7
Venus 220 1.1 × 108 5200 8.9
Earth 365 1.5 × 108 5500 9.8

(a) Fig. 8.1 shows these planets in alignment with the Sun. They rotate around the Sun in the
direction shown.

Mark and label on Fig. 8.1 the positions of the three planets 110 days after the position shown
in Fig. 8.1.

Sun Mercury Venus Earth

Fig. 8.1 (not to scale)

[3]

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17

(b) (i) Each of the three planets has a similar average density.

Suggest why the gravitational field strength at the surface of Mercury is much smaller
than at the surface of Venus.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) An object has a weight of 37 N on the surface of Mercury.

Calculate its weight on the surface of the Earth. Show your working.

weight = ..................................................... N [2]

(c) State what is meant by a ‘moon’.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) The Sun will eventually run out of hydrogen.

Describe what happens to the Sun when the hydrogen runs out.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 10]

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5054/21 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 18 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) P marked in region t = 00.8 s or in region 1.62.0 s B1

Q marked between 2.0 and 2.5 s B1

1(a)(ii) tangent drawn at X B1

(speed = ) d/t in any form numerical or algebraic C1

1.92.4 m/s A1

1(b) vA < vC < vD < vB B1

1(c) (work done by) gravity / weight / gravitational attraction B1

from gravitational potential energy (store) B1

to kinetic energy (store) B1

1(d) arrow upwards at D B1

Question Answer Marks

2(a)(i) particles hit piston / sides of container B1

each hit creates a small force B1

or force on unit area is pressure
or particles momentum changes / direction changes
or many hits per second

2(a)(ii) particles move faster / have higher kinetic energy / more momentum B1

more hits / sec. / more frequent hits / larger momentum change per second / larger force on each hit B1

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 5 of 10

5054/21 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 19 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

2(b) (force = ) P  A in any form numerical or algebraic with any pressure B1

6.0  105 (N) B1

2(c)(i) (momentum =) mv in any form numerical or algebraic C1

8.4  105 (kg m/s) A1

2(c)(ii) (time =) mv (-mu) / F C1

or (t =) v (-u) / a and F = ma

1.4 s A1

Question Answer Marks

3(a) free / delocalised electrons or electrons move B1

electrons / thermal energy move from hot area to cold area B1

or electrons hit by or hit particles (of metal)
or vibrations / collisions between particles passes on energy

3(b)(i) 273 (K) B1

3(b)(ii) latent heat (required) or (particles need) more potential energy / B1

energy supplied is being used to weaken forces between particles

particles further apart OR all the energy is used to weaken forces OR kinetic energy of particles stays constant B1

3(b)(iii) (Q =) mcT in any form C1

47 000 (J) A1

3(b)(iv) (P = ) E / t in any form C1

390 (W) A1

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 6 of 10

5054/21 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 20 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

3(b)(v) (liquid) water has a higher specific heat capacity; water has stronger bonds B1

Question Answer Marks

4(a)(i) number of (complete) waves (passing a point) per second B1

4(a)(ii) (V = ) f in any form C1

330 m / s A1

4(a)(iii) ANY one from B1

cleaning, prenatal and other medical scanning, sonar, calculation of depth or distance

4(b)(i) longitudinal wave - oscillation backwards and forwards / in direction of travel of wave B1

transverse wave - oscillation at right angles to (direction of travel of) wave B1

diagram of each type B1

4(b)(ii) earthquake (waves) or other correct source which is a single source that generates both types of wave, e.g. lightning B1

4(c) long wavelengths bend around hill and short wavelengths do not bend B1

(due to) diffraction B1

Question Answer Marks

5(a) correct symbol; B1

5(b)(i) correct curvature B1

5(b)(ii) (at higher current / voltage) temperature increases B1

(at higher current / voltage) resistance increases B1

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5054/21 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 21 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

5(c) (I =) V / R in any form C1

4 (A) or 6 (A) seen or Rtotal = 24 (Ω) C1

10 (A) A1

5(d)(i) any integer between and including 12 and 19 (A) B1

5(d)(ii) fuse does not melt / blow or circuit does not shut down aaw B1

quickly enough or when there is a fault or when the current is large / dangerous B1

5(d)(iii) when fuse melts nothing is live / electrocution not possible OR supply of voltage is cut OR voltage is supplied by live wire. B1

Question Answer Marks

6(a)(i) turns faster / stronger force / more powerful (motor) / larger moment / larger turning effect B1

6(a)(ii) correct current direction shown in coil and magnetic field left to right / N to S B1

6(a)(iii) (field and current cause) force on left side or force on right side C1
OR coil becomes a magnet

force upwards on left side and force downwards on right side A1

OR top face of coil is a N pole / bottom face is a S pole

6(b)(i) circles close to and around each wire B1

correct overall shape with stronger field between wires and splaying outwards B1

correct direction of field on at least one line and none wrong B1

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 8 of 10

5054/21 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 22 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

6(b)(ii) current in one wire causes magnetic field at the other B1

or
field between wires stronger

a current experiences a force in a magnetic field B1

or
wire(s) move away from region of strongest magnetic field

Question Answer Marks

7(a)(i) uranium-235 and uranium-238 B1

7(a)(ii) thorium(-236) and uranium-238 B1

7(a)(iii) thorium(-236) and protactinium(-236) B1

7(b)(i) (radiation) that is natural / present without a source B1

7(b)(ii) 400 B1

7(b)(iii) any halving seen, e.g. 400→200 or 200→100 or 420→210 C1

120 A1

7(b)(iv) (emission / radioactivity is) random / fluctuates / varies B1

7(c) irradiation and sterilisation both-radiation B1

paper thickness beta radiation B1

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 9 of 10

5054/21 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 23 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

8(a) Venus on left of Sun on dashed line B1

Earth approximately 30% round orbit (106°) B1

Mercury (1=) 1/4 round orbit i.e. approx. vertically below Sun B1

8(b)(i) smaller mass (of mercury) B1

8(b)(ii) (mass =) 10 (kg) clearly seen C1

98 (N) A1

8(c) a (large, natural) object that orbits a planet B1

8(d) becomes a red giant / increase in size B1

forms a planetary nebula B1

becomes a white dwarf B1

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 10 of 10

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2

1 Fig. 1.1 shows two trolleys. On the front of trolley A, there is a wooden rod. Trolley B is initially at
rest.

As trolley A moves towards the right, the rod enters the modelling clay. Trolley A slows down and
trolley B starts moving.

The trolleys then stick together and continue moving towards the right.

wooden modelling
rod clay
trolley A trolley B

Fig. 1.1

Fig. 1.2 shows the speed−time graph for the two trolleys.

0.8
speed
m / s 0.6 trolley A

trolley A and B
0.4

0.2 trolley B

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
t/s

Fig. 1.2

The trolleys start to collide at time t = 0.30 s. At t = 0.50 s, the trolleys are moving at the same
speed.

(a) (i) State how Fig. 1.2 shows that, during the collision, trolley B has a uniform acceleration.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe how the graph in Fig. 1.2 shows that the magnitude (size) of the acceleration of
trolley B is larger than the magnitude of the deceleration of trolley A.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(iii) Calculate the acceleration of trolley B when t = 0.40 s.

acceleration = ................................................ m / s2 [2]

(b) The mass of trolley A = 0.80 kg. The mass of trolley B = 0.60 kg.

Show that momentum is conserved in the collision.

[2]

(c) In another collision between the same trolleys, the rod and modelling clay are not present.
Trolley A hits trolley B with the same initial speed.

Explain why the force between the trolleys is larger in this collision.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 8]

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4

2 Fig. 2.1 shows a small swimming pool containing water.

4.0 m
2.1 m

Fig. 2.1

The depth of water in the pool is 0.80 m. The density of water is 1000 kg / m3.

(a) (i) Show that the mass of water in the pool is approximately 6700 kg.

[2]

(ii) Define ‘pressure’.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Calculate the pressure on the base of the pool due to the water.

pressure = .................................................... Pa [2]

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5

(iv) The water in the pool is initially at a temperature of 10 °C.

The temperature rises when 5.1 × 108 J of energy is transferred to the water.

The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / (kg °C).

Calculate the final temperature of the water.

temperature = ..................................................... °C [3]

(b) (i) Explain, in terms of the movement of particles, how evaporation causes cooling.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Changes to factors in the environment of the swimming pool can cause an increase or
decrease in the amount of evaporation from the surface of the water.

State two changes to environmental factors that increase the amount of evaporation
from the surface of the water.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[1]

[Total: 11]

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6

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a solar-powered charger connected to a cell phone (mobile phone).

cell phone
solar-powered
charger

Fig. 3.1

The battery inside the cell phone is charged by the solar-powered charger.

(a) (i) Complete Fig. 3.2 to show the useful transfer of energy from the Sun to the battery.

...................... electric field ...........................

energy in Sun in charger energy in battery
light from electrical
Sun current

Fig. 3.2
[2]

(ii) Explain why the battery takes a long time to charge on a cloudy day.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) After use, the outside surface of the cell phone is warm. When switched off, the cell phone
cools down.

Name and describe the three processes by which thermal energy is transferred as the cell
phone cools down.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

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Calculate the quantity of charge that enters the battery. Give the unit of your answer.

charge = ................................... unit .............. [3]

[Total: 9]

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8

4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows light passing through a triangular glass prism.

Q R

Fig. 4.1

(i) State the value of the angle of incidence at point P.

angle of incidence = ....................................................... ° [1]

(ii) Draw the normal and the angle of incidence at point R.

Label the angle of incidence. [2]

(iii) State two conditions needed so that no light refracts from the glass into the air at point Q.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Information is sent across the internet using pulses of visible light through long, thin glass
fibres and electrical signals through copper wires.

(i) State the name of one other type of electromagnetic radiation used to transmit information
through long, thin glass fibres.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest two advantages of using glass fibres rather than copper wires to transmit
information from the internet.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 8]

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5 An initially uncharged rubber balloon is rubbed with a woollen cloth as shown in Fig. 5.1.

Rubbing the balloon causes the balloon to have a negative charge.

balloon gains

................................

and now has a negative charge

woollen cloth loses

................................
and now has a
......................... charge

Fig. 5.1

(a) (i) On Fig. 5.1, complete the labels on the diagram. [2]

(ii) Explain why the balloon stays negatively charged for a long time.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Rubbing the balloon causes the temperature of the air inside it to rise.

Explain, in terms of the particles of air, why the volume of the balloon increases when the
temperature of the air rises.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 7]

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10

6 Fig. 6.1 shows a circuit diagram containing a battery, a light-dependent resistor (LDR) and a fixed
resistor of resistance 240 Ω connected in series.

240 Ω LDR

Fig. 6.1

There is a lamp near the circuit. Light from the lamp is incident on the LDR when the lamp is
switched on.

Fig. 6.2 shows the current−voltage graph for the LDR with the lamp switched on and with the lamp
switched off.

with lamp
0.10
switched on
current / A
0.08

0.06 with lamp

switched off
0.04

0.02

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
voltage / V

Fig. 6.2

(a) State Ohm’s law.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Explain how the graph lines in Fig. 6.2 show that Ohm’s law applies to the LDR.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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11

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(d) With the lamp switched on, the current in the LDR is 0.050 A.

(i) Determine the current in the fixed resistor.

current in fixed resistor = ...................................................... A [1]

(ii) Calculate the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the cell.

e.m.f. = ...................................................... V [3]

[Total: 9]

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12

7 (a) A plotting compass contains a needle. The needle is a small magnet that can rotate about its
centre.

Fig. 7.1 shows the plotting compass placed close to a bar magnet.

needle compass
bar magnet

Fig. 7.1 (not to scale)

(i) On Fig. 7.1 mark the magnetic poles on the bar magnet. [1]

(ii) There is a piece of paper underneath the magnet.

Describe how the compass is used to plot the magnetic field line that passes from one
pole to the other and through P.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(iii) Describe how to use the compass in Fig. 7.1 to determine the direction of the magnetic
field at P.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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13

(b) Fig. 7.2 shows the apparatus a student uses to produce an alternating current (a.c.).

magnet coil

A
centre-zero
ammeter

Fig. 7.2

The magnet is moved into and out of the coil.

(i) Explain why a current is produced when the magnet moves.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Describe the movement of the magnet that produces an a.c. of frequency 0.50 Hz.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Describe how the centre-zero ammeter shows the current is a.c. rather than d.c. (direct
current).

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Explain why increasing the frequency of the a.c. produced also increases the magnitude
(size) of the a.c produced.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

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14

8 Fig. 8.1 is a picture of a nebula formed from a supernova.

Fig. 8.1

(a) State what is meant by ‘a supernova’.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Describe how a protostar forms inside a nebula.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(i) State the name of the galaxy that contains our Sun.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State what is meant by a light-year.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) The time taken for one complete orbit of our Sun around the black hole is 7.3 × 1015 s.

The distance from our Sun to the black hole is 26 000 light-years.

1 year = 3.2 × 107 s speed of light = 3.0 × 108 m / s

Calculate the speed of our Sun as it orbits the black hole.

Show your working and give your answer in m / s.

speed = .................................................. m / s [3]

[Total: 9]
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15

9 Alpha particles are sometimes emitted from the nuclei of radioactive elements.

This emission is both random and spontaneous.

(a) Describe what is meant by ‘spontaneous’ emission.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Describe the composition of an alpha particle.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(i) Describe the structure of either a cloud chamber or a spark counter. Include a labelled
drawing of the apparatus.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Describe how the emission of alpha particles is shown as random in the apparatus you
described in (c)(i).

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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16

(iii) A radioactive source produces 120 tracks in one minute in a cloud chamber.

6.0 hours later, the same source produces 15 tracks in one minute.

Without the source present, no tracks are produced.

Calculate the half-life of the radioactive isotope in the source.

half-life = ............................................... hours [2]

[Total: 9]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2024 5054/22/M/J/24

5054/22 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 39 l Nayeem
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PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) straight line (on speed-time graph) B1

1(a)(ii) gradient of line steeper (for B) B1

or larger change in speed (in same time)

1(a)(iii) (a = ) change in speed / time in any form C1

2(.0) m / s2 A1

1(b) (p =) mv or (initial) momentum of A = 0.56 (kg m / s) B1

and final momentum of A and B = 1.4  0.4 = 0.56 B1

1(c) Any two out of three: B2

 contact surfaces are more rigid / less pliable aaw
 decreases the time of contact or final velocity of B is larger (than 0.4 m / s) / final velocity of A is smaller
 increases acceleration or force = (mv - mu) / t or impulse / t

Question Answer Marks

2(a)(i) (V =) length  breadth  height in any form C1

6.7(2)  1000 clearly seen or 6720 (kg) seen A1

2(a)(ii) force per unit area B1

2(a)(iii) Either C1
(P =) dgh in any form, e.g.1000  9.8 x 0.8
Or
(area of base) 2.1  4.0 or 8.4 (m2)

7800 (Pa) A1

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Question Answer Marks

2(a)(iv) (T =) E / mc in any form C1

18 (°C) C1

28 (°C ) A1

2(b)(i) fastest moving / more energetic particles escape B1

leaving slowest / less energetic particles B1

2(b)(ii) ANY 2 from

higher temperature / wind / low humidity B1

Question Answer Marks

3(a)(i) nuclear (energy in Sun) B1

chemical (energy in battery) B1

3(a)(ii) less / no light / energy (reaching the charger)

or less / no electrical current (produced) B1

3(b) conduction and energy passing from particle to particle in solid / from outside particles to air particles B1

convection and in air / hot air rises B1

radiation and emitted from surface B1

3(c) (Q = ) It in any form C1

4 900 A1

C or coulomb B1

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Question Answer Marks

4(a)(i) 0 B1

4(a)(ii) normal correct by eye B1

angle of incidence correct and labelled B1

4(a)(ii) angle of incidence greater than critical angle B1

from more dense to less dense (medium) / from high to low refractive index B1

4(b)(i) infrared B1

4(b)(ii) ANY 2 from B2

 more calls per second or greater bandwidth or faster speed
 less chance of hacking
 less interference
 less (information) noise
 longer transmission distances (before losing signal) / less attenuation
 thinner or lighter or less mass/weight

Question Answer Marks

5(a)(i) electrons on both top lines B1

positive (charge on cloth) B1

5(a)(ii) balloon / rubber / air is an insulator C1

electrons / charge unable to move through rubber / balloon / air A1

or little ionisation in air (caused by background radiation)

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Question Answer Marks

5(b) particles move faster B1

particles hit sides C1

particles hit sides more often / more frequently A1

or with greater force

Question Answer Marks

6(a) current is (directly) proportional to potential difference (p.d.) B1

at constant temperature B1

6(b) graph is a straight line and through the origin (for any one intensity of illumination). B1

6(c) resistance decreases in bright(er) light B1

(use of Fig. 6.2 e.g.) B1

resistance values calculated as 80 and 130 ()
or at same voltage with light has larger current
or at same current with light needs less voltage

6(d)(i) 0.05(0 A) B1

6(d)(ii) (V = ) IR in any form C1

(voltage across fixed resistor) 12 (V) or (total resistance =) 320 () C1

16 (V) A1

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Question Answer Marks

7(a)(i) S pole on right and N pole on left of magnet B1

7(a)(ii) place (one end of) compass (needle) on P and mark other end of needle (on paper) B1

move compass on so other end is next to / on marked point B1

continue (round field line and for other lines) and join marks B1

7(a)(iii) place compass on P and direction is the direction pointed by the N pole / shaded end B1

7(b)(i) magnetic field cuts coil or magnetic flux / field change in coil B1

induces an e.m.f. / by induction B1

7(b)(ii) move magnet in and out once every 2 s / 0.5 times in one second B1

7(b)(iii) reading positive and negative / both sides of zero B1

7(b)(iv) larger rate of change of field / flux or larger rate of cutting of field lines B1

Question Answer Marks

8(a) explosion C1

explosion of a red giant / massive star (at the end of its life cycle) A1

8(b) clouds of dust / gas come together / collapse B1

due to gravitational attraction B1

or
resulting in an increase in temperature

8(c)(i) milky way B1

8(c)(ii) distance travelled by light in one year B1

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Question Answer Marks

8(c)(iii) (speed = ) distance / time or 2R / T in any form C1

2 × 26 000  3  108  3.2  107 seen C1

210 000 (m / s) A1

Question Answer Marks

9(a) happens by itself / is not affected or caused by external conditions, e.g. temperature, pressure, another nuclear emission, B1
etc. / not affected by the length of time the nucleus has already existed / happens for no reason

9(b) two protons or two neutrons C1

two protons and two neutrons A1

or a helium nucleus

9(c)(i) B1
outline of cloud chamber with: either or outline of spark counter with fine wire
light or transparent window for viewing and plate or grille close to wire

B1
source of vapour, e.g. alcohol or voltage applied between wire and
plate / grille

B1
method of cooling clear, e.g. expand or high voltage used ( 200 V)
piston or dry ice

9(c)(ii) time between tracks formed varies time between sparks varies B1
or number of tracks in a certain time or number of sparks in a certain time
or
varies varies
or tracks go in any direction

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Question Answer Marks

9(c)(iii) any halving seen, e.g. 120  60 or 3 half lives C1

2(.0) Hours A1

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2

1 Fig. 1.1 shows the speed–time graph for a car.

20
S
speed
R
m/s
15

T
10

0
0 4 8 12 16 20
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) For the graph in Fig. 1.1, match each letter, R, S and T, with the motion at that point.

Draw one line from each letter to the correct description. One has been done for you.

letter on the graph description of motion

at rest
R
moving with constant speed
S
decelerating (negative acceleration)
T

accelerating (positive acceleration)

[2]

(ii) Determine the speed of the car at time = 4.0 s.

speed = ................................................. m / s [1]

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3

(iii) Determine the distance moved by the car from time = 16.0 s to time = 20.0 s.

distance moved = ..................................................... m [3]

(b) Define the term velocity.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 7]

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4 The government of a country decides to reduce the amount of fossil fuel burned for generating
electrical power.

(a) State two reasons, apart from cost, for reducing the amount of fossil fuel burned.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) (i) Describe how a hydroelectric power station generates electrical power.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Hydroelectric power stations are expensive to build.

State two other disadvantages of using a hydroelectric power station to generate

electrical power.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) The government plans to build some wind turbines. The government plans to store some of
the electrical energy generated by the wind turbines.

Suggest one method of storing the electrical energy generated by a wind turbine.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8]

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6 A student wants to compare the conduction of thermal energy through rods made of iron, copper,
glass and aluminium. Each rod is coated with wax.

Fig. 6.1 shows the equipment that the student uses.

wax coating iron rod

copper rod
glass rod

aluminium rod

Bunsen burner heat-proof mat

tripod stand

Fig. 6.1

(a) Describe how the student can compare the conduction of thermal energy through the rods in
Fig. 6.1.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The Bunsen burner emits infrared waves.

The infrared waves have a wavelength of 2.0 × 10– 6 m.

The velocity of the infrared waves is 3.0 × 108 m / s.

(i) Calculate the frequency of the infrared waves.

frequency = .................................................... Hz [3]

(ii) State the name of a region of the electromagnetic spectrum which has a wavelength
longer than the wavelength of infrared. Give one use of the radiation in this region.

region ................................................................................................................................

use ....................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 7]
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7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a ray of light striking a plane mirror. The ray is reflected as shown.

plane
mirror

ray of light

normal

Fig. 7.1

The angle of incidence for the ray of light is 40°.

(i) Indicate the angle of reflection by drawing a letter R on Fig. 7.1. [1]

(ii) State the size of the angle of reflection in Fig. 7.1.

angle of reflection = ........................................................° [1]

(b) An object O is placed to the left of a thin converging lens. F1 is the principal focus on one side
of the lens and F2 is the principal focus on the other side of the lens.

Two rays from the top of the object are incident on the lens, as shown in Fig. 7.2.

O F1 F2

thin converging lens

Fig. 7.2

(i) On Fig. 7.2, locate the image of O by continuing the path of each ray. [2]

(ii) Draw an arrow to represent the image of O. [1]

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11

prism

narrow beam X
of white light spectrum of seven colours
Z

Fig. 7.3

(i) The prism refracts the white light.

State the name of the effect that produces a spectrum.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) In the spectrum shown in Fig. 7.3, there are seven colours.

List the seven colours in the order they appear between X and Z.

X ......................................

......................................

Z ......................................
[2]

[Total: 8]

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12

8 Fig. 8.1 shows an arrangement for making an electromagnet. The electromagnet consists of a
solenoid and a core.
12 V

variable resistor
A

X
direction of
current in
solenoid core of electromagnet

Fig. 8.1

(a) (i) The electromagnet is a temporary magnet.

State one material which is suitable for the core of the electromagnet.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The battery is made from cells connected in series. Each cell in the battery has an
electromotive force (e.m.f.) of 1.5 V.

Calculate the number of cells in the battery in Fig. 8.1.

number of cells = ......................................................... [2]

(b) The switch is closed. The direction of the current in the solenoid is shown in Fig. 8.1.

(i) There is a magnetic field around the electromagnet.

State the name of a piece of equipment that can show the direction of a magnetic field.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the name of the pole labelled X on the core of the electromagnet.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) The resistance of the solenoid is 8.0 Ω.

The current in the solenoid is 1.2 A.

Calculate the potential difference (p.d.) across the solenoid.

p.d. = ...................................................... V [3]

[Total: 8]
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9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows the power cable for connecting a desktop computer to the mains electricity circuit.

power cable

Fig. 9.1

(i) State the name of each of the three wires inside the power cable.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) The cable is designed for a maximum current of 13 A.

Suggest one hazard due to a current of 30 A in the cable.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) There is a transformer in the desktop computer.

The input voltage to the primary coil Vp is 230 V (a.c.).
The number of turns on the primary coil Np is 720.
The number of turns on the secondary coil Ns is 50.

(i) Calculate the output voltage Vs of the secondary coil.

secondary coil output voltage Vs = ...................................................... V [3]

(ii) The current in the input coil of the transformer is 1.4 A.

Calculate the input power to the desktop computer.

input power = ..................................................... W [3]

[Total: 9]
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15

11 (a) The Sun is the star in our Solar System. Eight planets orbit the Sun.

State the names of two other categories of bodies in the Solar System.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) State the name of the galaxy that includes our Solar System.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2024 0625/31/M/J/24

0625/31 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme Page 55 l Nayeem
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PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) line from S to moving with constant speed B1

line from T to decelerating B1

1(a)(ii) 17.8 (m / s) B1

1(a)(iii) 40 (m) A3

½  4  20 (C2)

(distance travelled =) area under the graph OR ½  b(ase)  h(eight) (C1)

1(b) (velocity is defined as) B1

speed in a stated / given direction OR
change in displacement per unit time

Question Answer Marks

2(a) (average thickness =) 0.9 (cm) A2

(average thickness =) 5.4 ÷ 6 (C1)

2(b) any two from: B2

 (measuring) cylinder (partially) filled with water
 (initial) volume of water (in measuring cylinder) measured or recorded / noted / read
 mass(es) in water OR water covers all mass(es)
 new volume measured or recorded / noted / read

difference between two values (of water with and without masses is determined) B1

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Question Answer Marks

4(a) any two from: B2

 (they) (contribute to) global warming
 (they) (contribute to) atmospheric / air pollution
 (they are) non-renewable (energy source)
 idea of energy security (for the country)

4(b)(i) any three from: B3

 water is stored behind a dam / in reservoir / lake
 water (behind dam) has gravitational OR potential energy
 water flows down / moves in / goes through pipe OR through (HEP) station OR through turbine
 water turns / moves / rotates / spins turbine
 (turbine) turns / moves / rotates / spins generator

4(b)(ii) any two from: B2

 (large area of) land flooded
 relocation of population
 damage to (land / valley) habitats OR migration of fish (upriver) interrupted owtte
 vulnerable to drought
 idea of limited suitable sites
 reduced water supply downstream owtte

4(c) any one from: B1

 (energy stored) in battery
 idea of pumping water / raising weight to higher level

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Question Answer Marks

7(a)(i) angle of reflection identified B1

7(a)(ii) 40 (°) B1

7(b)(i) horizontal ray drawn to continue through F2 B1

ray to centre drawn to continue undeviated B1

7(b)(ii) (image drawn / identified) where rays cross B1

7(c)(i) dispersion B1

7(c)(ii) all 7 colours AND in correct order A2

6 of the seven colours given (C1)

Question Answer Marks

8(a)(i) (soft) iron B1

8(a)(ii) 8 (cells) A2

(number of cells =) 12 ÷ 1.5 OR battery e.m.f ÷ e.m.f. of 1 cell (C1)

8(b)(i) (plotting) compass B1

8(b)(ii) north OR N (pole) B1

8(c) (V =) 9.6 (V) A3

(V =) 8(.0)  1.2 (C2)

R = V ÷ I in any form OR (V =) I  R (C1)

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Question Answer Marks

9(a)(i) live (wire) B2

neutral (wire)
earth (wire)

3 correct – 2 marks
1 or 2 correct – 1 mark

9(a)(ii) idea of (cable) overheating OR (insulation) melting / burning B1

9(b)(i) (secondary coil voltage Vs =) 16 (V) A3

230 / Vs = 720 / 50 OR (Vs =) {230  50} ÷ 720 (C2)

(Vp / Vs) = (Np / Ns) in any form (C1)

9(b)(ii) (P =) 320 (W) A3

(P =) 1.4  230 (C2)

(P =) I  V (C1)

Question Answer Marks

10(a)(i) (number of neutrons =) 52 A2

nucleon number – proton number = number of neutrons OR 90 – 38 (C1)

10(a)(ii) 38 B1

10(b) (beta-particles are fast-moving / negatively charged) electrons B1

10(c) (29  3 =) 87 years A2

idea of 3 half-lives OR 16 ÷ 23 (= 2) (C1)

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Question Answer Marks

11(a) any two from: B2

 minor / dwarf planet(s)
 asteroid(s) OR asteroid belt
 comet(s)
 (planetary) moon(s)

11(b) Milky Way (galaxy) B1

11(c) any three from: B3

 (light from distant galaxies or it) is redshifted
 compared to light on Earth
 (redshift is an) increase in (the observed) wavelength (of light)
 (because) galaxies are moving away / receding (from Earth) OR moving apart
 (Big Bang theory predicts / has) an expanding Universe

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 13 of 13

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* 0019654991114 *

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

14
, ,

11 Table 11.1 shows some information about two of the planets in the Solar System.

Table 11.1

time for one

name of mass of planet distance from the Sun
rotation on its axis
planet / kg / km
/ hours
Venus 4.87 × 1024 108.2 × 106 5832
Earth 5.97 × 1024 149.6 × 106 24

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

(a) (i) Venus is a similar size to the Earth.

State why the gravitational field strength at the surface of the Earth is greater than the
gravitational field strength at the surface of Venus.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the time, in Earth days, for one day on Venus.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

time = ....................................... Earth days [3]

(iii) Calculate the time taken for light to travel from the Sun to Venus. The speed of light is
3.0 × 108 m / s.

time taken = ...................................................... s [4]

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

(b) The star nearest to the Sun is about 4.25 light-years from the Sun.

Explain what is meant by one light-year.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 10]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

ĬÍĉ¯Ġ³íÅ÷çùåĂÀñ¶ò×
© UCLES 2024 ĬĖĕáÀġËÄÙóïÏûÀüäáĂ 0625/32/M/J/24
ĥµÅÕõĕąĕĥÕąĕĕµĥÅµÕ
0625/32 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme Page 61 l Nayeem
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PUBLISHED
Question Answer Mark

11(a)(i) Earth has greater mass ORA B1

11(a)(ii) 243 (Earth days) A3

5832 ÷ 24 (C2)

idea that one rotation on its axis equals one day (C1)

11(a)(iii) 360 (s) A4

108.2  109 ÷ 3.0  108 (C3)

speed = distance ÷ time OR (t =) s ÷ v (C1)

conversion 1 km = 1000 m (C1)

11(b) distance M1

travelled (in space) by light in one year owtte A1

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10

7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a ray of red light incident on a glass prism at point P.
The ray of red light is refracted at point P.

ray of red light

air air
glass

Fig. 7.1

On Fig. 7.1:

(i) draw the normal at point P [1]

(ii) draw the path of the ray of red light through the glass prism and into the air. [2]

(b) A ray of blue light replaces the ray of red light. The angle of incidence for the blue ray entering
the prism is the same as in Fig. 7.1.

Describe any difference between the path of the blue ray in the prism and the path of the red
ray in the prism.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

State two conditions for a ray to be totally internally reflected.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 6]

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Question Answer Marks

6(a) transverse B1

6(b)(i) diffraction B1

6(b)(ii) correct wavelength indicated B1

6(c) 8.2 (Hz) A3

42  5.1 (C2)

v = f   OR (frequency =) speed  wavelength in any form (C1)

Question Answer Marks

7(a)(i) correct normal B1

7(a)(ii) ray in glass refracted towards the normal B1

ray in air refracted away from the normal B1

7(b) greater refraction / smaller angle of refraction (at air–glass boundary) B1

7(c) (ray of light) travelling from glass to air B1

angle of incidence greater than critical angle B1

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4

2 Fig. 2.1 shows two identical trolleys, P and Q, held at rest on a frictionless horizontal surface.
A load is fixed to trolley P.

1.5 kg load compressed spring

trolley P trolley Q

Fig. 2.1

There is a compressed spring between trolley P and trolley Q.

The trolleys are released. As the spring expands, it pushes the trolleys apart.

Trolley Q moves to the right at a constant speed of 0.36 m / s.

The mass of each trolley is 1.2 kg. The mass of the load on trolley P is 1.5 kg.

The spring has negligible mass.

(a) Calculate:

(i) the speed at which trolley P moves to the left

speed of P = ......................................................... [3]

(ii) the kinetic energy of trolley Q when it moves at 0.36 m / s.

kinetic energy of Q = ......................................................... [3]

(b) State the energy transfer that takes place as the spring expands.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 8]

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8

4 The lens in a magnifying glass is a converging lens.

(a) Fig. 4.1 shows the lens of the magnifying glass, its two focal points, F1 and F2 , and its
principal axis.

lens

principal axis F1 F2

Fig. 4.1

(i) State what is meant by ‘focal point’.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) A student using the magnifying glass sees a magnified image of an object.

On Fig. 4.1, mark:

• a point X on the principal axis for a possible position of the object

• a point E for a possible position of the student’s eye.
[1]

(iii) Underline two words in the list that describe the image produced in (a)(ii).

inverted real upright virtual

[1]

(b) The refractive index of the glass used to make the lens is 1.5.

(i) The speed of light in air is 3.0 × 108 m / s.

Calculate the speed of light in the glass.

speed in glass = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) State what happens to the wavelength of light as it passes into the lens.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

State the name of the problem and explain how a converging lens is used to correct it.
You may draw a diagram.

name of problem: ......................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

[Total: 10]

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10

5 (a) Describe how a longitudinal wave differs from a transverse wave.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Fig. 5.1 represents a seismic wave produced by an earthquake.

J K

Fig. 5.1

(i) State whether this seismic wave is a P-wave (primary) or an S-wave (secondary).
Justify your choice.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The wave represented in Fig. 5.1 has a wavelength of 1.2 × 104 m.

Calculate the actual distance between point J and point K.

distance = ......................................................... [2]

(iii) The wave in (ii) travels through the ground at a speed of 4600 m / s.

As the wave passes a certain point, the ground completes 5 oscillations.

Calculate the time that it takes for the wave to pass. Show your working.

time = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 8]

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11

6 Fig. 6.1 shows an isolated metal sphere suspended by an insulating thread from the ceiling.

insulating thread

metal sphere

Fig. 6.1

The sphere is negatively charged.

(a) The charge on the sphere produces an electric field in the surroundings.

(i) State what is meant by ‘electric field’.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Draw on Fig. 6.1 to show the pattern and direction of the electric field produced by the
charge on the sphere. Draw at least four lines. [3]

(b) The magnitude of the charge on the sphere is 3.5 × 10–10 C.

An earthed metal wire is touched against the surface of the sphere and the sphere
is discharged.

(i) State what happens in the wire as the sphere is discharged.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) It takes a time of 0.14 ns for the sphere to discharge completely.

Calculate the average current in the earthed wire as the sphere discharges.

average current = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 9]
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12

7 The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a battery is 7.5 V.

(a) Define the term electromotive force.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The battery is connected in series with a variable resistor and a 30 Ω resistor. The battery is
made using 1.5 V cells.

(i) Draw a circuit diagram that shows all the 1.5 V cells connected to produce an e.m.f.
of 7.5 V, the variable resistor and the 30 Ω resistor.

[3]

(ii) The resistance of the variable resistor can be varied from 0 Ω to a maximum resistance
of 150 Ω.

Using the axes in Fig. 7.1, draw a graph to show how the current in the circuit varies with
the resistance of the variable resistor as it increases from 0 Ω to 150 Ω.

Determine and label the value of the maximum current on the y-axis.

current / A

0
0 75 150
resistance of variable resistor / Ω

Fig. 7.1
[4]

[Total: 9]
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13

8 The isotope thallium-208 ( 208

81Tl ) is radioactive. It decays by β-decay.

(a) Thallium-208 decays to an isotope of lead (Pb).

(i) Complete the equation for this decay.

208 ........ ........

81Tl ........Pb + ........β
[3]

(ii) The β-emission of thallium-208 is accompanied by γ-emission from the nucleus.

Explain why this γ-emission does not affect the numbers in the equation in (a)(i).

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Suggest one reason why a nucleus of thallium-208 is unstable.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) A sample of thallium-208 is placed in a thick lead container. Fig. 8.1 shows a narrow beam of
β-particles and γ-radiation emerging from a small hole in one side of the container.

magnetic field
into page

beam of
β-particles and
γ-radiation
sample of
thallium-208

Fig. 8.1

The narrow beam enters a region where there is a magnetic field that is directed into the page.

On Fig. 8.1:

• draw a line labelled β to indicate the path of the β-particles in the magnetic field
• draw a line labelled γ to indicate the path of the γ-radiation in the magnetic field.
[3]

[Total: 8]

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14

9 The Sun is one of many billions of stars in the Milky Way. The Sun emits a very large quantity of
energy as electromagnetic radiation.

(a) State the three regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in which the Sun emits the
most energy.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Electromagnetic radiation from the Sun travels at a speed of 3.0 × 108 m / s. The radiation
takes 500 s to reach the Earth.

Calculate the distance from the Sun to the Earth.

distance = ......................................................... [2]

(i) Describe and explain what happens as an interstellar cloud of gas forms a protostar.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Describe and explain what happens as a protostar becomes a stable star.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 9]

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Question Answer Marks

2(a)(i) 0.16 m / s A3

conservation of momentum OR mP vP = mQvQ OR 2.7  vP = 1.2  0.36 OR (mQvQ =) 0.432 seen C1

(vP =) mQvQ / mP OR 1.2  0.36 / 2.7 C1

2(a)(ii) 0.078 J A3

(k.e. =) ½mv2 OR (k.e. =) ½  1.2  0.362 C1

(k.e. =) ½  1.2  0.362 C1

2(b) (from) elastic (energy store in the compressed spring) B1

to kinetic (as final energy store of trolleys) B1

Question Answer Marks

3(a) (they / particles in ice) vibrate (about a fixed position) OR particles in water move throughout the liquid B1

3(b)(i) conduction B1

3(b)(ii) 2.6  104 J A2

c = (E / m OR (E =) mcOR 0.34  4200  18 OR 2.6  10N (J) C1

3(b)(iii) density (of water next to the ice) increases B1

cold(er) water sinks B1

warm(er) water replaces cold water OR warm(er) water rises OR making a convection current B1

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Question Answer Marks

3(b)(iv) internal energy decreases AND (average) kinetic energy (of particles) decreases A2

kinetic energy decreases C1

Question Answer Marks

4(a)(i) (point on principal axis) where rays of light parallel (to the principal axis, incident on converging lens) B1

(rays) meet / converge after passing through lens / refraction B1

4(a)(ii) X marked between one of the focal points and the lens AND E marked on other side of lens B1

4(a)(iii) virtual AND upright B1

4(b)(i) 2.0  108 m / s A2

n = c / vg OR (vg =) c / n OR (vg =) 3(.0)  108 / 1.5 C1

4(b)(ii) (wavelength) decreases B1

4(c) long-sightedness B1

it moves the image towards the lens / back of the eye / retina OR reduces / shortens focal length of (combined lens) B1

(converging lens) focuses image on back of eye / retina B1

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Question Answer Marks

5(a) any two from: B2

 (longitudinal) vibration / oscillation in wave parallel to propagation direction / direction of travel
 transverse wave vibrates / oscillates perpendicular to propagation direction / direction of travel
 (longitudinal) consists of compressions and rarefactions
 transverse wave consists of crests / peaks and troughs
 (longitudinal) needs a medium (to travel)

5(b)(i) P-wave AND it is longitudinal B1

5(b)(ii) 1.8  104 m OR 18 km A2

1.5OR 1.5  1.2  104 OR 1.8  10N C1

5(b)(iii) v = f OR v=  / t OR (t =)  / v OR f = 4600 / 1.2  10 4 M1

OR (t / 5 =) 1.2  104 / 4600 OR (t =) 6(.0)  104 / 4600

13 s A2

t = 1 / f OR (time for one wave = ) 2.6 (s) C1

Question Answer Marks

6(a)(i) (region) where (an electric) charge experiences a force B1

OR
(region) where a force acts on a (an electric) charge

6(a)(ii) at least four straight radial lines AND evenly spaced (by eye) surrounding sphere B1

four lines touching sphere AND no lines inside sphere B1

at least one arrowhead towards sphere AND no incorrect arrowheads B1

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Question Answer Marks

6(b)(i) electrons move (through the wire) from the sphere A2

OR
electrons move (through the wire) to(wards) the Earth

electrons move (in the wire) C1

6(b)(ii) 2.5 A A3

I = Q / t OR (I =) Q / t OR 3.5  10–10 / 1.4  10–10 C1

2.5  10N C1

Question Answer Marks

7(a) (electrical) work done moving a unit charge around a (complete) circuit A2

work done AND moving a charge (in a circuit) C1

7(b)(i) correct symbols for five cells in series B1

correct symbols for variable resistor AND fixed resistor B1

cells, variable resistor and fixed resistor connected in series B1

7(b)(ii) curve with negative gradient of decreasing magnitude from 0  to 150 AND does not reach the x-axis A2

curve / line with negative gradient from 0  to 150  C1

y-axis labelled 0.25 where candidate’s line meets the y-axis OR the mark on the y-axis labelled 0.25 A2

R = V / I OR (Imax =) V / R OR 7.5 / 30 C1

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Question Answer Marks

8(a)(i) 0
–1
 B1

208 B1
…..Pb

…..
82Pb B1

8(a)(ii) -emission / it consists of waves / rays OR -emission has no mass / charge B1

8(a)(iii) (it contains) too many / excess of neutrons OR (nucleus is) too heavy B1

8(b) smooth curve (through magnetic field) AND labelled  B1

path towards bottom of page AND no upward component AND labelled  B1

(continuation of beam along) horizontal line through magnetic field AND labelled  B1

Question Answer Marks

9(a) ultraviolet AND visible light AND infrared only A2

any two from: ultraviolet; visible light; infrared and no more than one incorrect addition C1

9(b) 1.5  1011 m A2

v = s / t OR (s =) vt OR 3.0  108  500 OR 1.5  10N C1

9(c)(i) any two from: B2

 cloud / nebula / it collapses
 due to (internal) gravitational attraction
 (internal) temperature increases

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Question Answer Marks

9(c)(ii) any three from: B3

 (nuclear) fusion / nuclear reactions (in the star)
 forces are balanced
 gravitational force is inwards
 outwards force is due to high temperature

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17
, ,

9 (a) Radioactive isotopes that emit ionising radiation are used in hospitals.

(i) State and explain two safety precautions necessary for the use of these isotopes in
medical procedures.

safety procedure 1 ............................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

safety procedure 2 ............................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Give two reasons why alpha‑emitters are not used as radioactive tracers inside the body.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Sodium‑24 is an isotope of sodium (Na) that has a proton number of 11 and a nucleon number
of 24.

Sodium‑24 decays by emission of a beta‑particle to form an isotope of magnesium (Mg).

Use nuclide notation to write down the nuclide equation for this decay.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

[3]

[Total: 7]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Ĭ×ĉ¯Ġ³íÇõÛđµĞÓĐÅĔ×
© UCLES 2024 Ĭµ¶ãÇģÝĥåóþòý²úĢĉĂ
ĥĥÕÕõĕÅĕĥµõĕõÅÅµąÕ
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18
, ,

10 (a) The Solar System includes the Sun and planets.

State two other types of natural object that orbit the Sun.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) State the shape of the orbits of the planets.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Fig. 10.1 shows the orbit of an object around the Sun. At point A, the object is closest to the
Sun. At point B, the object is furthest away from the Sun.

A B
Sun

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Fig. 10.1

State and explain the energy transfer as the object travels from point A to point B.

statement ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

explanation ................................................................................................................................

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) Jupiter is 7.8 × 1011 m from the Sun. The speed of light in a vacuum is 3.0 × 108 m / s.

Calculate the time taken for light from the Sun to reach Jupiter.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

time = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]
ĬÕĉ¯Ġ³íÇõÛđµĞÒĎÇĒ×
© UCLES 2024 Ĭµ¸äÆħéăÎþüčµÌÊÚāĂ 0625/42/M/J/24
ĥµÅÕµõąõÕõåÕõąåõåÕ
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Question Answer Marks

8(b) 960  A3

current in each bulb = 0.25 OR R = V / I OR (R =) V / I C1

resistance = 240 / 0.25 OR 1 / 480 = 1 / R + 1 / R C1

Question Answer Marks

9(a)(i) any two from: B2

 reduce exposure time AND low(er) amount of radiation absorbed
 increase distance between source and hospital staff AND lower amount of radiation reaches staff
 use of shielding (e.g. walls, lead etc.) AND radiation absorbed by shielding / cannot penetrate through shielding
 use isotopes with short half-life AND lower amount of radiation emitted from patient / radiation (above background)
emitted for a shorter period of time
 use of film badge / dosimeter AND manage individuals exposure owtte
 restrict pregnant staff / patient in hospital AND radiation may harm foetus owtte

9(a)(ii) high ionisation (within body) B1

radiation would not reach detector (outside body) B1

9(b) 24
11Na → 24
12
Mg + -10

24 B1
11Na on LHS
0
-1
 on RHS B1

24 B1
12
Mg on RHS

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Question Answer Marks

10(a) any two from: B2

 minor planets OR dwarf planets
 comets
 asteroids

10(b) elliptical B1

10(c) kinetic energy (store) decreases AND potential energy (store) increases (as object moves from A to B) B1

energy is conserved B1

10(d) 2.6  103 s A2

v = s / t OR (t =) s / v OR 7.8  1011 / 3.0  108 C1

11(a) Milky Way B1

11(b) Big Bang (Theory) B1

11(c)(i) shortly after the Universe was formed B1

11(c)(ii) Universe has expanded B1

(radiation) has been redshifted (to the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum) B1

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 12 of 12

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14

10 Leaks in underground water pipes are detected using radioactive tracers. Fig. 10.1 shows a
radiation detector above a water pipe.

382
counter

detector

pipe ground leak

Fig. 10.1

(a) Before the radioactive tracer is added to the water, the detector measures the background
radiation above the pipe. The average background radiation is 26 counts / minute.

(i) Define background radiation.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest one source of radiation that may make a significant contribution to the
background count rate.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) A radioactive tracer is added to the water. The counter in Fig. 10.1 shows the count rate
in counts / minute above the leak in the water pipe.

Determine the count rate due to the tracer.

count rate = ......................................................... [2]

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15

(b) Suggest which radioactive emission, alpha, beta or gamma, is suitable for detecting the leak
in the water pipe.

Explain your answer.

emission ...................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain why the radioactive isotope must not have a very long half-life.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]

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Question Answer Marks

10(a)(i) radiation (always) present in the environment OR radiation from natural sources B1

10(a)(ii) radon gas OR rocks / buildings OR cosmic rays OR food / drink B1

10(a)(iii) 356 counts / min A2

(corrected count rate =) count rate – background count OR 382–26 C1

10(b) B1
beta OR gamma

B1
alpha would be stopped by soil and not reach detector alpha and beta stopped by soil before reaching detector
OR beta has sufficient range to be detected above OR
ground

B1
gamma would pass through intact pipe as well cracked gamma is only radiation that will reach detector through
pipe so no difference detected OR beta stopped by soil OR less gamma reaches detector through solid
OR
intact pipe so variation between piped water and pipe
escaped water can be detected

10(c)(i) (very short half-life) doesn’t allow time for detection before activity has dropped to too low a level OR doesn’t allow for
sufficient build up at the leak to detect difference in rate

10(c)(ii) (very long half-life) contaminates water supply

Page 85 l Nayeem Sir
19

BLANK PAGE

Paper 4

Page 86 l Nayeem Sir
6

2 A student investigates the resistance of a wire.

Fig. 2.1 shows the circuit used.

d
B C

V resistance
sliding wire
contact S

Fig. 2.1

(a) The student measures the current I in the circuit.

She places the sliding contact S at a distance d = 50.0 cm from B.

She measures the potential difference (p.d.) V50 across length d of the resistance wire.

Fig. 2.2 shows the ammeter and voltmeter.

(i) Record the readings on the ammeter and voltmeter. Include the units.

0.4 0.6 3 4 5 6 7
0.2 0.8 2 8
1 9
0 1.0 0 10
A V

Fig. 2.2

I = ...............................................................

V50 = ...............................................................
[2]

Page 87 l Nayeem Sir
7

(ii) Calculate the resistance R50 of 50.0 cm of the resistance wire using the equation
V50
R50 = .
I
Include the unit.

R50 = ......................................................... [2]

(iii) Calculate r1, a value for the resistance per cm of the resistance wire, using the equation
R50
r1 = ,
d
where d = 50.0 cm. Include the unit.

r1 = ......................................................... [2]

(b) The student repeats the procedure in (a) using d = 75.0 cm and calculates r2 using the
equation
R
r2 = 75 .
d
2.2
V = ...............................................................
75

6.1
R75 = ...............................................................
0.081
r2 = ...............................................................

A student suggests that the resistance per cm of the resistance wire is constant.

(i) State whether your results support this suggestion and justify your statement by
reference to the results.

statement ..........................................................................................................................

justification ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) The student plans to plot a graph of resistance R against length d to test the suggestion.

Suggest suitable additional values of length d to use.

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

Draw the electrical symbol for a variable resistor.

3 A student investigates the image produced by a lens.

Fig. 3.1 shows the set-up.

illuminated
object
x y
screen
lens

bench

Fig. 3.1

Fig. 3.2

(a) Fig. 3.2 shows the height hO of the illuminated object.

On Fig. 3.2, measure hO.

hO = ......................................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 3.1 is drawn to scale. The actual distance u between the illuminated object and the lens
is 20.0 cm.

(i) On Fig. 3.1, measure the distance x.

x = ......................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the scale ratio r using the equation

u
r= x,

where u = 20.0 cm.

r = ......................................................... [1]

Page 89 l Nayeem Sir
9

(i) On Fig. 3.1, measure the distance y.

y = ................................................... cm [1]

(ii) Calculate the actual distance v between the lens and the screen using the equation
v = r y. Use your value for r from (b)(ii).

v = ................................................... cm [1]

(d) Calculate the focal length f of the lens using the equation
uv
f= .
(u + v)
Give your answer to a suitable number of significant figures for this type of experiment.

f = ................................................... cm [2]

(e) In this type of experiment, it can be difficult to judge the screen position that produces the
clearest image.

Suggest two precautions or techniques to overcome this difficulty.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(f) Fig. 3.2 shows the shape of the illuminated object. The image of the object is enlarged.

Draw a diagram to show the image that you would see on the screen.

[1]

[Total: 11]

Page 90 l Nayeem Sir
10

4 A student investigates the bending of composite strips of wood when they are loaded at one end.
The composite strips are made from identical layers of wood stuck together, as shown in Fig. 4.1.

Plan an experiment to investigate how much composite strips bend when they are loaded at one
end. Fig. 4.2 shows the set-up the student uses.

The student has a number of composite strips made with two or more layers of wood.

wood

adhesive

Fig. 4.1

clamp

composite
bench strip

floor

Fig. 4.2

In your plan:

• state the variable that you are testing

• list any additional apparatus that you would use
• explain briefly how to do the investigation
• state the key variables to keep constant
• draw a table, or tables, with column headings, to show how to display your readings (you are
not required to enter any readings in the table)
• explain how to use your readings to reach a conclusion.

0625/61 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme Page 91 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

2(a)(i) I = 0.36 1

V50 = 1.4 1

2(a)(ii) R50 = 3.9 / 3.89 () 1

units A, V seen correctly used in (i) 1

2(a)(iii) r1 = 0.078 1

unit  / cm 1

2(b)(i) statement to match results 1

justification to match statement and results. 1

2(b)(ii) at least three additional values 1

all values quoted are more than 0 and up to 100 cm 1

2(c) correct symbol for variable resistor 1

0625/61 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme Page 92 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

3(a) 1.6 / 16 as appropriate 1

matching unit (cm or mm) 1

3(b)(i) 2.0 cm / 20 mm 1

3(b)(ii) 10 1

3(c)(i) 6.2 (cm) / 62 mm 1

3(c)(ii) 62 (cm) / 620 mm 1

3(d) f = 15.1 (cm) 1

answer is given to 2 or 3 significant figures 1

3(e) darkened room / bright object 1

move screen slowly / back and forth / approach clearest position from both directions (and average) 1

3(f) upside down triangle 1

0625/61 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme Page 93 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

4 MP1 additional apparatus: 1

(metre) ruler / tape (measure)

MP2 method mark 1: 1

add a load and measure the amount of bending

MP3 method mark 2: 1

repeat with a different load applied OR different length (overhanging) OR a different number of layers of wood in
composite strip

MP4 variable kept constant: 1

load (if varying length mentioned in MP3) OR length (if varying load mentioned in MP3)

MP5 variable kept constant: 1

number of layers of wood

MP6 table: 1
with clear columns for deflection with matching unit and for chosen variable – all with quantity and unit (or no unit for
number of strips)

MP7 conclusion: 1
plot graph of deflection against chosen variable OR graph / bar chart of deflection against number of layers
OR an answer which suggests comparing values in table of chosen variable and deflection

Page 94 l Nayeem Sir
* 0019654988902 *

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2
, ,

1 A student measures the spring constant k of a spring by two different methods.

The spring constant k of a spring is a measure of how difficult the spring is to stretch.

Method 1

(a) The student:

• attaches the spring to a clamp, as shown in Fig. 1.1

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clamp

stand

500 g mass
bench

Fig. 1.1

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• suspends a mass m = 500 g from the spring
• pulls the mass down a small distance and releases it.

The mass oscillates up and down.

(i) The student measures the time t taken for 20 oscillations of the mass.

The reading on the stop-watch is shown in Fig. 1.2.

Record t in Table 1.1.

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Fig. 1.2
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Page 95 l Nayeem Sir
* 0019654988903 *
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3
, ,

Table 1.1

m/g t/s T/s

500
[1]

(ii) The period T of the oscillations is the time taken for one oscillation.

Calculate the period T of the oscillations.

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Record your answer in Table 1.1. [1]

(b) Suggest how the procedure can be improved to increase the accuracy of the result.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Calculate a value k1 for the spring constant of the spring.

Use the equation shown.

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k1 = 19.7
T2

k1 = ................................................. N / m [1]

Method 2

(d) The student measures the stretched length l of the spring, with the 500 g mass still attached,
in centimetres to the nearest 0.1 cm.
Fig. 1.3 shows the stretched spring drawn to a scale of one-quarter full size.
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Fig. 1.3

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* 0019654988904 *

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4
, ,

(i) The length L of the spring is the distance between the dotted lines in Fig. 1.3.

Measure L.

L = ................................................... cm [1]

(ii) Calculate the actual stretched length l of the spring.

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l = ......................................................... cm

Record l in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2

m/g l / cm

500

400 18.3

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300 14.3

200 10.0

100 6.1
[1]

(e) The student removes the 100 g masses from the mass hanger, one at a time, and repeats the
procedure for masses of m = 400 g, 300 g, 200 g and 100 g.

The student records each value of l in Table 1.2.

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Page 97 l Nayeem Sir
* 0019654988905 *
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5
, ,

(i) Plot a graph of l / cm (y-axis) against m / g (x-axis). Start your axes at the origin (0, 0).

Draw the best-fit line.

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l / cm
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0
0

m/g
[3]

(ii) Calculate the gradient G of your line. Show all your working and indicate on the graph
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the values you use.

G = ......................................................... [1]

(iii) An estimated value k2 for the spring constant of the spring can be calculated using the
equation
k2 = 1 .
G
Calculate k2 using your value of G from (e)(ii) and the equation shown.
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k2 = ................................................. N / m [1]
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* 0019654988906 *

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6
, ,

(f) Two quantities can be considered to be equal within the limits of experimental accuracy if
their values are within 10% of each other.

Compare your values of k1 from (c) and k2 from (e)(iii).

State whether your results indicate that the values can be considered to be equal.

Support your statement with a calculation.

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...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 13]

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Page 99 l Nayeem Sir
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14
, ,

4 A student sets up a flexible track at the edge of a bench. The student investigates a metal ball
as it rolls from rest down the track and travels through the air. The metal ball travels a horizontal
distance d through the air and lands in a tray of sand placed on the floor.

Plan an experiment to investigate how one variable affects the size of this distance d.

The apparatus available includes:

• flexible track
• clamp, boss and stand to support the track
• selection of metal balls.

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Fig. 4.1 shows how the flexible track is supported.

stand clamp
flexible track
metal ball

bench
path taken
by ball

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floor sand

Fig. 4.1

In your plan:

• state the one variable you have chosen to investigate

• list any additional apparatus needed to measure this variable
• explain how to do the experiment

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

• state the key variables to be kept constant
• draw a table, with column headings, to show how to display the readings (you are not required
to enter any readings in the table)
• explain how to use the readings to reach a conclusion. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

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0625/62 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme Page 100 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) 17.76 (s) 1

1(a)(ii) T calculation correct from candidate’s value, expect 0.888 1

1(b) (time a) greater number of oscillations 1

1(c) k1 calculation correct, expect 25.0 1

1(d)(i) 5.6 (cm) 1

1(d)(ii) 22.4 (cm) / candidate’s (d)(i)  4 1

1(e)(i) graph: 1
 appropriate scales (plots occupying at least ½ grid between plotted points)

 plots all correct to ½ small square and precise plots 1

 well-judged line and thin line 1

1(e)(ii) any indication on the graph as to how gradient found and correct method of calculation of gradient i.e., y / x shown 1

1(e)(iii) k2 = 23.5 – 26.4 inclusive 1

1(f) statement to match candidate’s values of k1 and k2 1

values used in a calculation to justify the statement 1

Question Answer Marks

2(a) V = 0.84 (V) 1

I = 0.36 (A) 1

2(b) 2.3(3......) 1

2.3 () 1
© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 6 of 8
0625/62 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme Page 101 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

4 MP1 variable chosen: 1

valid variable which may affect d

MP2 additional apparatus: 1

ruler/measuring tape AND additional apparatus (if needed) to measure the independent variable

MP3 method: 1
 (place ball and release), measure dependent variable
 repeat for new value of independent variable

MP4 control variables: 1

any significant variable appropriate to the independent variable

MP5 table: 1
columns, with units, for independent variable and dependent variable

MP6 conclusion: 1
compare readings in the table to see if/how a change in the variable produces change in d
OR plot a (line) graph with axes specified

MP7 additional point: 1

any one from:
 second valid control variable stated
 at least 5 sets of data taken
 repeat each measurement AND take the average

Page 102 l Nayeem Sir
14

4 A student investigates the relationship between the diameter of a wire and the electrical resistance
of the wire.

Plan an experiment which enables her to investigate how the diameter of a wire affects the
resistance of the wire.
V
Resistance R is calculated from the equation R =
I
where V is the potential difference (p.d.) across the wire and I is the current in the wire.

The apparatus available includes wires of different known diameters.

In your plan:

• list any additional apparatus needed

• complete Fig. 4.1 to show a circuit suitable for measuring the resistance of a wire
• explain briefly how to do the experiment, including the measurements to take so that the
resistance can be determined
• state the key variables to keep constant
• draw a table, or tables, with column headings, to show how to display the readings (you are
not required to enter any readings in the table)
• explain how to use the readings to reach a conclusion.

power supply

resistance wire

Fig. 4.1

0625/63 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme Page 103 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

4 MP1 apparatus: 1
ammeter and voltmeter

MP2 circuit diagram: 1

correct circuit symbols shown in correct connection

MP3 method: 1
record diameter
measure p.d and current
repeat for new diameter

MP4 control variable: 1

any one from:
 length of wire
 material of wire
 temperature of wire

MP5 table: 1
columns, with units, for diameter, p.d., current, (resistance)
any variable mentioned must have correct units

MP6 analysis: 1
compare readings in the table to see if change in diameter produces change in resistance
plot line graph (with axes specified)

MP7 additional point 1

any one from:
 at least 5 sets of data taken
 repeat for each value of independent variable and take average
 2nd appropriate control variable stated

Page 104 l Nayeem Sir
2

1 A student finds the volume of a small glass ball (marble) by two different methods.

(a) method 1

The student:

• places six small glass balls by the side of a metre rule as shown in Fig. 1.1
• makes sure that there are no gaps between the balls.

metre rule

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A B

Fig. 1.1

(i) Take readings on the metre rule of the positions of points A and B shown in Fig. 1.1.

Give your readings to the nearest 0.1 cm.

position of point A = .......................................................... cm

position of point B = .......................................................... cm

[1]

(ii) The length l on Fig. 1.1 is the distance between points A and B.
The average diameter d of one ball can be found using the equation:

l = 6d

Use your answers to (a)(i) to calculate the length l and diameter d. Give your answers to
the nearest 0.1 cm.

l = .......................................................... cm

d = .......................................................... cm
[2]

Page 105 l Nayeem Sir
3

(iii) The average volume V of one glass ball using this method, is given by the equation:

3.14d 3
V= 6
Calculate V.

V = .................................................. cm3 [1]

(b) method 2

• The student pours water into a measuring cylinder.

(i) The volume of water in the measuring cylinder V1 is shown in Fig. 1.2.

cm3
50

40 30

30
20
20

Fig. 1.2

Write down the reading V1.

V1 = .................................................. cm3 [1]

Page 106 l Nayeem Sir
4

(ii) • The six glass balls are carefully added to the water in the measuring cylinder.

The new reading on the measuring cylinder V2 is shown in Fig. 1.3.

Fig. 1.3

The volume VT of the six balls is given by

VT = V2 – V1.

Calculate VT . Show your working.

VT = .................................................. cm3 [1]

(iii) Calculate the average volume V of one ball using this method. Give your answer to the
nearest 0.1 cm3.

V = .................................................. cm3 [1]

Page 107 l Nayeem Sir
5

Explain your answer.

method giving more accurate value ..........................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[1]

(d) The student now uses the six glass balls to find the average mass of one glass ball using a
small beaker and a top pan (electronic) balance.

Describe the method the student uses.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 10]

Page 108 l Nayeem Sir
10

3 A student measures the focal length of a lens.

Fig. 3.1 shows the apparatus she uses and the position of the lens when a clearly focused image
is formed on the screen.

illuminated object
screen
lamp
convex lens in holder

x y
D

Fig. 3.1 (one fifth full size)

The student:

• places the screen a distance D = 60.0 cm from the illuminated object

• places the lens between the object and the screen so that the lens is very close to the
illuminated object
• moves the lens slowly away from the illuminated object until a clearly focused image is formed
on the screen.

(a) (i) Measure and record distance x on Fig. 3.1.

x = .................................................... cm [1]

(ii) Fig. 3.1 is drawn to a scale of one fifth full size.

Use your answer to (a)(i) to calculate the actual object distance u from the lens.

u = .................................................... cm [1]

(iii) Deduce the image distance v, the distance from the lens to the screen when a clear
image is seen.

v = .................................................... cm [1]

Page 109 l Nayeem Sir
11

(b) Fig. 3.2 shows the shape of the illuminated object and Fig. 3.3 shows the image seen on the
screen.

Fig. 3.2 Fig. 3.3

Describe two differences between the illuminated object and its image on the screen.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) (i) The student moves the screen away from the illuminated object and repeats the
procedure for values of D = 70.0 cm, 80.0 cm, 90.0 cm and 100.0 cm.

Table 3.1 shows the values recorded.

Add your values for u and v from (a)(ii) and (a)(iii) to Table 3.1 on page 12.

Complete Table 3.1 by calculating the value of (u × v) for each value of D.

Give your answers to 3 significant figures.

Page 110 l Nayeem Sir
12

Table 3.1

D / cm u / cm v / cm (u × v) / cm2
60.0
70.0 21.0 49.0
80.0 19.5 60.5
90.0 18.6 71.4
100.0 17.8 82.2
[2]

(ii) Use the grid provided in Fig. 3.4 on page 13 to plot a graph of (u × v) / cm2 on the y-axis
against D / cm on the x-axis.

You do not need to start your axes at the origin (0,0).

Draw the straight line of best fit. [4]

(iii) The focal length f of the lens is numerically equal to the gradient of the line.

Calculate the gradient of the line. Show all working and indicate on your graph in Fig. 3.4
the values you use.

f = .................................................... cm [2]

(d) The lens manufacturer states that the focal length of the lens is 15.0 cm ± 10%.

Decide, with a calculation, whether your value of f agrees with this statement and tick the box
that shows your answer.

calculation:

My value for f agrees with the manufacturer’s statement.

My value for f does not agree with the manufacturer’s statement.

[1]

4 Plan an experiment to investigate how the thickness of a metal wire affects its resistance.

The resistance of a wire can be found using the equation:

potential difference (p.d.) across wire

resistance of wire =
current in the wire
The following apparatus is available:

• six lengths of metal wire, each of different thickness

• an ammeter
• a voltmeter
• a power supply
• several connecting leads
• a micrometer.

Other apparatus normally available in a school laboratory can also be used.

In your plan, you should:

• draw a circuit diagram to show how you will use the apparatus
• explain briefly how to carry out the investigation
• state the key variables to keep constant
• draw a table, with column headings, to show how to display readings (you are not required to
enter any readings in the table)
• explain how to use these readings to reach a conclusion.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2024 5054/41/M/J/24
Page 113 l Nayeem Sir
15

..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [6]
© UCLES 2024 5054/41/M/J/24
5054/41 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 114 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) point A at 10.2 cm and B at 19.7 cm cao ; 1

1(a)(ii) l = 9.5 (cm) and d = 1.6 (cm) ; 1

both to 0.1 cm ; 1

1(a)(iii) 2.1(4) (cm3) ; 1

1(b)(i) 27(.0) (cm3) cao ; 1

1(b)(ii) (V2 value seen of 39 cm3 and) VT = 12(.0) cm3 ; 1

1(b)(iii) average value of V correct from candidate’s answer to (b)(ii) (2.0 cm3) ; 1

1(c) method 1, as the measuring cylinder can only measure to the nearest 0.5 cm3 /1.0 cm3 or measuring the diameter to the 1
nearest mm is more accurate. ;

1(d) put beaker on balance and tare ; 1

add 6 balls to find mass and divide by 6 ; 1

or 1
put beaker on balance and record mass then add 6 balls to find mass again ;

subtract the masses and divide answer by 6 ; 1

Question Answer Marks

2(a)(i) =72(C) in the table ; 1

2(a)(ii) to ensure an even temperature throughout the water owtte / heat is evenly spread / make sure temp is the same through the 1
water/beaker/ water has equal temperature ;

5054/41 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 115 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

2(a)(iii) correct calculation from candidate readings (0.067) ; 1

C / s ; 1

2(a)(iv) 0.03(333) 1

2(a)(v) C1 greater than C2 because less drop in temperature as the temperature approaches room temperature owtte 1

2(b)(i) 0.20 (C / s) ; 1

2(b)(ii) C3 greater than C1 stated because more energy is lost to the colder surroundings/ iced water provides increased cooling 1
effect/ lower temp of surroundings / heat transferred to iced water ;

2(b)(iii) different initial temperatures ; 1

2(b)(iv) Any one from: 1

 volume of (hot) water
 position of thermometer in the water
 room temperature
;

Question Answer Marks

3(a)(i) 4.8  0.1 cm 1

3(a)(ii) 24(.0) cm 1

3(a)(iii) 36(.0) cm 1

3(b) Any two from: 2

 upside down/inverted
 laterally inverted
 bigger than illuminated object / magnified
;;

5054/41 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 116 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

3(c)(i) u x v calculated correctly for each value of D ; 1

all correct to 3sf (860, 1030, 1180, 1330, 1460) ; 1

3(c)(ii) axes labelled, quantity and unit ; 1

scales linear, not awkward, should not start from (0,0) ; 1

points plotted accurately, to the nearest ½ square ; 1

thin best-fit straight line drawn ; 1

3(c) values indicated, ⩾ ½ the line used 1

f = 14.0  17.0 inclusive 1

3(d) yes and calculation showing f is within 10% of 15.0 cm 1

or
no and calculation showing f is not within 10% of 15.0 cm ;

5054/41 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 117 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

4 diagram 1

circuit diagram showing power source connected to a labelled wire with ammeter in series and voltmeter in parallel with
wire ;

method 2

measure thickness of wire with micrometer ;

take readings of current and voltage for each thickness of wire (and calculate resistance of each ;

variables to control 1

Any one from:

 length of each piece of wire
 material of the wire
;

table 1

table of results with columns for thickness / diameter and resistance with units ;

conclusion 1

Any one from:

 compare the readings to see if the thickness of the wire does affect its resistance
 plot a graph of thickness / diameter against resistance
;

Page 118 l Nayeem Sir
2

1 A student investigates the resistance of a diode when different currents flow through it.

The student sets up the circuit shown in Fig. 1.1.

power source
+ –

X Y P

Fig. 1.1

(a) The student connects a voltmeter into the circuit to measure the potential difference (p.d.)
across the diode.

On Fig. 1.1, draw the symbol for a voltmeter connected to measure the p.d. across the diode.
[1]

Page 119 l Nayeem Sir
3

(b) The student:

• uses a connecting lead to connect the terminals X and Y together

• closes the switch
• records the voltmeter reading V
• records the ammeter reading I
• opens the switch and removes the connecting lead.

Fig. 1.2 shows the readings on the voltmeter and the ammeter.

0 V 2 0 A 1

Fig. 1.2

Record the readings shown in Fig. 1.2 in the top row of Table 1.1. [2]

Table 1.1

voltmeter reading ammeter reading resistance of diode

resistance between X and Y / Ω
V/V I /A R/Ω
0
3.3 0.82 0.27 3.0
6.8 0.81 3.7
10 0.81 0.19

(c) Calculate the resistance R of the diode using the equation:

V
R= I

Record your answer in the top row of Table 1.1 to an appropriate number of significant figures.
[2]

(d) The student:

• connects a 3.3 Ω resistor between terminals X and Y

• closes the switch
• records the voltmeter reading V in Table 1.1
• records the ammeter reading I in Table 1.1
• opens the switch and removes the 3.3 Ω resistor
• repeats this procedure for resistors of 6.8 Ω and 10 Ω.

Complete Table 1.1 by inserting the missing values. [2]

Page 120 l Nayeem Sir
4

(e) As the resistance between terminals X and Y is changed, the current in the circuit changes.

Examine the results shown in Table 1.1.

Describe how the change in current affects:

(i) the voltage across the diode .............................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) the resistance of the diode. ...............................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) A student sets up a circuit using the diagram shown in Fig. 1.1.

The student finds that, when the connecting lead is connected across the terminals X and Y
and the switch is closed, the ammeter does not give a reading.

The ammeter is not broken.

Suggest the error that the student has made while assembling the circuit.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 10]

Page 121 l Nayeem Sir
14

4 A student has a converging (convex) lens and needs to determine its focal length.

Plan an experiment that will enable the student to measure an accurate value for the focal length f
of the lens.

The focal length f of a lens can be calculated using the equation:

uv
f=
u+v
where u is the distance between an object and the lens and v is the distance between the focussed
image of the object and the lens.

Fig. 4.1 shows some of the apparatus available.

triangular object hole cut into a piece of card

lamp card
converging lens

lens holder bench

to power
supply

Fig. 4.1

The lamp is connected to a power supply and can be switched on and off as required.

Write a plan for the experiment.

In your plan you should:

• list any additional apparatus needed

• draw a diagram of the arrangement of the apparatus, labelling u and v
• explain briefly how to do the experiment
• state the steps taken to obtain a sharp, focussed image
• explain how to use your readings to determine f.

5054/42 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 122 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

1(a) correct symbol drawn in parallel with the diode and nowhere else ; 1

1(b) 0.82 (V) ; 1

0.35 (A) ; 1

1(c) 2.3 () ; 1

any answer to 2 / 3 significant figures ; 1

1(d) 0.22 (A) ; 1

4.3 () ; 1

1(e)(i) as the current decreases the voltage across the diode decreases (or reverse) / (little or) no change in voltage ; 1

1(e)(ii) as the current decreases the resistance increases (or reverse) ; 1

1(f) diode / power supply / ammeter connected the wrong way around / flipped / in the wrong direction / voltmeter connected in 1
series in the circuit ;

Question Answer Marks

2(a) 73(.0) (C) ; 1

2(b)(i) s, C, C ; 1

2(b)(ii) 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 ; 1

2(c) read thermometer scale at right angles / eye level / place stopwatch close to test-tube / stir before reading / thermometer not 1
touching the sides / base of the test-tube / thermometer one-third or one-half immersed in the test-tube ;

5054/42 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme Page 123 l Nayeem
May/June 2024 Sir
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

4 additional apparatus 1

(metre) rule(r) / measuring tape and screen / (white) paper / card ;

diagram 1

suitable arrangement of apparatus with u and v correctly labelled ;

method 2

move / adjust the lens / screen / object (to obtain a focussed / sharp / clear image on the screen) ;
measure / record / calculate / find / note (the candidate’s) u and v ;

steps taken to obtain sharp image 1

move screen / lens / object slowly / move screen / lens / object forwards and backwards / object and lens at the same height
(above the bench) / carry out in darkened room ;

determination of f 1

substitute values of u and v into given equation ;

or
repeat for different values of u and find the average (value of f) ;

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