www.dynamicpapers.

com

Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2015

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

in Human Biology (4HBO) Paper 01
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications

Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest
awarding body. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic,
vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further
information visit our qualifications websites at www.edexcel.com or
www.btec.co.uk. Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details
on our contact us page at www.edexcel.com/contactus.

Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere

Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help
everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of
learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved
in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100
languages, we have built an international reputation for our commitment to high
standards and raising achievement through innovation in education. Find out more
about how we can help you and your students at: www.pearson.com/uk

Summer 2015
Publications Code UG041848
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2015
 www.dynamicpapers.com

General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark
the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.

 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded

for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for
omissions.

 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to

their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.

 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should

be used appropriately.

 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.

Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer
matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award
zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to
the mark scheme.

 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the

principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.

 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark

scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.

 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it
with an alternative response.
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question Answer Notes Marks

Number

1 (a) A placenta (1)

(b) B (1)

(c) C progesterone and oestrogen (1)

(d) C sulphur dioxide (1)
(e) B mitosis (1)
(f) A antibiotics (1)
(g) D genotype (1)
(h) D renal artery (1)
(i) B relax/relaxes (1)
(j) D produces lactic acid (1)

Total for Question 1 = 10 marks

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
2(a)(i) C (1)

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
2(a)(ii) A description including four from: (4)

 premolars/molars;
 grinding/crushing /chewing
food;
 increase the surface area
(of food);
 mix food with saliva;
 (faster/more efficient)
digestion by
amylase/enzymes; Ignore reference to any other
enzymes
 of carbohydrates/starch;
 to maltose/sugar; Ignore glucose

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
2(b) A suggestion including two from: (4)

 (molars) contain ridges/cusps /

crevices;
 that trap food/food stuck in Allow sugar left on / coating
teeth; teeth

 formation of plaque/tartar; Allow bacteria feed on sugar

 bacteria breakdown food/sugar; / glucose/food

 (bacteria) produce acid;

 tooth enamel dissolved/eroded Ignore attacks enamel
/ broken down;
 difficult to reach with
toothbrush;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
2(c) calcium/ fluoride/ phosphate; Reject fluorine
Allow calcium phosphate (1)

Total for Question 2 = 10 marks

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
3(a) (i) hinge/synovial joint; (1)

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
3(a) (ii) An explanation including four (4)
from:

 ball and socket joint;

 allows 360o movement /
moving in 3 planes;
 cartilage (at the ends of
bones);
 synovial fluid; Allow prevents bones rubbing /
 reduces friction / smooth grinding against each other
movement;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
3(a)(iii) 3 marks for four correct rows (3)
2 marks for three correct rows
1 mark for two correct rows

Axial Appendicular
skeleton skeleton

vertebral column 

humerus 

skull 

pelvis 
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
3(b) voluntary; (7)
tendons;
antagonistic;
contracts; Either way round
relaxes;
pulled;
mitochondria;

Total for Question 3 = 15 marks

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
4 A suggestion including four from: (4)

 measure out known Allow amount for volume

volume of starch solution; Allow a specific volume /
 measure out known description of how volume is
volume of measured
amylase/enzyme solution; Allow one mark for control
volumes of solutions

 warm amylase/starch
solution prior to mixing;
 add iodine solution;
 to starch solution before
adding amylase;
 test a greater range of
temperatures;
 repeat tests;
 use of control;

Total for Question 4 = 4 marks

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
5(a)(i) A do not cause disease (1)

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
5(a) (ii) An explanation including two (2)
from:

 higher
temperature/warmer (in
summer months);
 reference to increase in Allow optimum temperature for
enzyme activity/optimum bacteria/bacteria more active
temperature for enzymes /
speed up chemical
reactions / increase
respiration;

 bacteria multiply (more

rapidly);
 larger/bigger/greater
population/more bacteria
to break down organic
matter;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
5(a)(iii) A suggestion including three (3)
from:

 mixes organic matter (with

bacteria)/bacteria exposed
to more organic matter;
 introduces air/oxygen;
 as bacteria carry out
aerobic respiration; Allow heat/temperature for
 distributes thermal energy thermal energy
evenly;
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
5(a)(iv) An explanation including two (2)
from:

 (products of composting)
contain nutrients/minerals/
ions; Ignore nitrogen
 named nutrient e.g.
nitrates;
 for plant growth/
manufacture of proteins;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
5(b)(i) 2/two (1)

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
5(b)(ii) An explanation that includes (3)
three from:

 fewer millipedes/less food

for ground beetle;
 ground beetle decrease;
 earwigs increase as more
leaf litter/less ground
beetles;

 earwig number decreases

because ground beetle
eats more earwigs;

Total for Question 5 = 12 marks

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
6(a)(i) A description that includes four (4)
from:

 measure out a known

volume of water;
 take the starting
temperature of the water;
 burn food;
 use the heat released to
heat the
water/temperature of
water rises;
 measure the temperature
once the food has stopped
burning/after a set amount
of time;
 calculate temperature
change/increase;
 greater temperature
change/increase indicates
more energy in food;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
6(a)(ii) Any one from: (1)

 volume of water;
 mass of food;
 distance of food from
water;
 length of time food is
burning for;
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
6(b)(i) axes labelled correctly(food type Max 3 marks if line graph drawn (5)
vs energy available);
units for axes labels (kJ);
correct scale;
bars drawn correctly;
bars label correctly;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
6(b)(ii) An suggestion that includes three (3)
from:

 more energy available Ignore chicken

in butter;
 butter contains the
most fat;
 fat has a high energy Allow more kiloJoules
content;
 bread is a good source
of carbohydrate;
 carbohydrates contain
energy;
 broccoli/vegetables/ora
nges/fruit are a poor
sources of energy/
correct statement
about other food
shown;
 as they contain little/no
fat/carbohydrates/cont
ain cellulose;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
6(c) An explanation including two of (2)
the following:

 teenage males need more Accept reverse argument

energy;
 as they are more active;
 higher metabolism;
 still growing;
 greater muscle:fat ratio;

Total for Question 6 = 15 marks

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
7 (a) (i) 19000 – 7000; two marks for final correct (2)
12000; answer on its own.

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
7(a) (ii) No ORA in this question (2)
 overall decrease in both;
 fluctuations in rate of
deforestation /
comment on the lack of
relationship/peak in
deforestation between
2007 and 2008;
 CO2 emissions drop more
that deforestation rate;
 rate of deforestation
roughly constant between
2009-2011

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
7(b)(i) A description including two of the (2)
following:

 less photosynthesis;
 less carbon dioxide
removed from the
atmosphere;
 less oxygen produced /
released into the
atmosphere;
 burning trees increases
CO2 in atmosphere;
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
7(b)(ii) A description including three of (3)
the following:

 more water reaches soil;

 less roots to hold soil
stable;
 less water taken in from
soil;
 water moves more quickly
from land to rivers;
 more soil washed away/
mud slides;
 desertification;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
7(c) A description including three (3)
from the following:

 icecaps/glaciers melting;
 increase in sea levels;
 flooding of land /
destruction of habitats;
 extinction/migration of
species;
 change in weather
patterns/climate;
 increasing acidity of sea
water is destroying coral
reef;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
7(d) A description including two from: (2)

 sewage/excess fertiliser
(used on land/crops);
 containing nitrates /
phosphates;
 leaches into water;

Total for question 7 = 14 marks

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
8(a)(i)  correctly drawn diagram; (4)
 nucleus labelled;
 cell membrane labelled;
 cilia labelled;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
8(a)(ii) An explanation including three of (3)
the following:

 cilia reduced / Ignore cilia die

paralysed/damaged/
unable to beat to and fro;
 unable move mucus (to
back of throat)/coughing
to remove mucus;
 mucus drops into lungs /
increase of mucus in
trachea/bronchi;
 greater risk of lung
infections / bronchitis;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
8(b)(i) One mark for each correct line (2)
slows
drawn.
down
raises
responas Reject more than one line from
tar blood
es each substance.
prevents
pressure
gas
nicotine exchange
decreases
heart rate
causes
lung
cancer
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
8(b)(ii) An explanation that includes (3)
three from:

 cigarette smoke contains

carbon monoxide;
 formation of
carboxyhaemoglobin/
combines with
haemoglobin;
 less oxygen carried (by red
blood cells)/fetus receives
less oxygen;
 less aerobic respiration (by
fetus);
 less energy;
 less growth;

Total for question 8 = 12 marks

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
9(a)(i) A = pituitary gland; (3)
B = cerebral cortex/hemisphere
/cerebrum;
C = cerebellum;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
9(a)(ii) B/cerebral cortex / cerebral (1)
hemisphere/cerebrum;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
9(b)(i) A description including five from: (5)
 receptors/rods/cones;
 in retina;
 convert light to electrical /
nerve impulses;
 (impulses travel) along
sensory neurones / optic
nerve;
 chemicals/neurotransmitte
rs
 across a synapse;
 to a relay neurone;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
9(b)(ii) One (2)
mark
Radial muscles Circular muscles for each
correct
bright light relax contract row

dim light contract relax

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
9(c) A description including three (3)
from:
 thermoregulatory centre;
 detects changes in body
temperature/blood;
 sends impulses along
motor neurones
 to effector organs;
 correctly named effector /
effect e.g. sweat
glands/erector muscles /
shivering/ vasodilation /
vasoconstriction;

Total for question 9 = 14 marks

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
10(a) 800 000; Full marks for correct final (3)
(800 000 ÷ 15 600 000); answer on its own.
x 100 = 5.1 (%); ECF max 2 mark (correct
calculation using wrong starting
figure)

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
10(b) Minus one for each incorrect (3)
Communica Nutritional answer
ble disease disease

diarrhoea anaemia

tuberculosis; malnutrition;

malaria;

HIV/AIDS;

typhoid;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
10(c) A explanation including three (4)
from:

 diarrhoea causes water

loss from body;
 body becomes
dehydrated/malnourished /
loss of salts/electrolytes;
 affects
metabolism/enzymes /
chemical reactions/osmotic Ignore sugar/named sugar
balance/cell death;
 water/fluids given;
 containing salts/named
salt/electrolytes;
 after every watery stool;

Total for question 10 = 10 marks

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
11 A description including four from: (4)

 mutation introduces
variation into a species;
 which gives more Allow specific examples e.g.
favourable / better sickle - cell
characteristic;
 survive to breed/survival
of the fittest;
 less adapted organisms
die;
 alleles/genes/genetic
mutation passed to
offspring;

Total for question 11 = 4 marks

www.dynamicpapers.com
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Pearson Education Limited. Registered company number 872828

with its registered office at 80 Strand, London, WC2R 0RL, United Kingdom