TR – THEODORE ROOSEVELT

Republican, 1901-1909

BACKGROUND THE JUNGLE by UPTON SINCLAIR

1- Born into a rich Knickerbocker family in NY 1- Book written by Upton Sinclair
- Cousin is Franklin Delano Roosevelt 2- About the slaughterhouses of Chicago
- Niece is Eleanor Roosevelt - bad working conditions
2- Representative in the NY State Legislature - how people lose their purpose in life because
of social Darwinism and how
3- A “cowboy” in North Dakota
labor unions protect the common person
4- NYC police chief - how the lack of sanitary conditions
5- Assistant Secretary of the Navy affect the food supply
6- Leader of the Rough Riders at San Juan Hill in 3- As a result, Congress passed the
the Spanish-American War - Meat Inspection Act of 1906
7- McKinley’s Vice President - Pure Food & Drug Act of 1906 which
8- Became President when McKinley was assassinated created the Food & Drug Agency (FDA)
by an anarchist named Leon Czolgosz
THE ROOSEVELT COROLLARY
1902 ANTHRACITE COAL STRIKE 1- TR’s enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine
1- TR took the side of coal miners on strike & forced the 2- Known as the Big Stick or Gunboat Diplomacy
mine owners to negotiate with the United Mine Workers 3- Protects the independence of small Caribbean
nations from rebellions or European takeover
2- Unsafe working conditions
4- Keeps American imperialism intact in the
3- TR then created the Department of Commerce Western Hemisphere
to break up trusts 5- TR would regularly have the US Navy, (“Great
- used Sherman Anti-Trust Act White Fleet”) travel the world to show off
- First trusted busted was Northern Securities American power
Railroad, owned by JP Morgan
-Broke up 45 trusts and earned the nickname, PANAMA CANAL (1903-1914)
“the Trustbuster” President 1- Gunboat Diplomacy was used against Colombia
for Panama to gain its independence
THE BULLY PULPIT 2- The US built the Panama Canal
TR gave speeches throughout the US to stir up support 3- Effects:
from the people to force Congress to enact progressive - Shorten travel time and trading patterns
- Travel costs are lowered
reform legislation
- The US Navy has a short cut between the
east and west coasts
THE SQUARE DEAL
Review: Populist Party agenda called Omaha BALLINGER-PINCHOT QUARREL (1910)
Platform 1- Taft was trusted by TR to continue Progressive Reforms
- Many of platform proposals were started as and the Square Deal
progressive reforms under Theodore Roosevelt 2- Taft kept TR’s friend Gifford Pinchot in charge of the
US Forestry Service
1- Square Deal: TR’s progressive domestic agenda for 3- Secretary of Interior Richard Ballinger opened public
social & economic reforms lands in Alaska for private development
2- 3 C’s: 4- Pinchot publicly criticized Ballinger
1-Control of Corporations 5- The dispute became national news and embarrassing to Taft
-Use the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to restore 6- Taft fired Gifford Pinchot
-TR, as a result, distrusted Taft
competition
7- TR was upset with Taft over Pinchot- Ballinger Quarrel
-bust the bad trusts, keep the good trusts
2-Conservation ELECTION of 1912
-Antiquities Land Act will create national 1- TR ran against Taft in the Republican Party primaries for
parks and national forests the nomination to run for President
-Irrigate the desert southwest 2-TR lost the Republican Party nomination
-John Muir will start the Sierra Club, an 3- TR started the Progressive Party and was nominated to run
environmentalist organization for President on “New Nationalism” agenda: more gov.
-Gifford Pinchot will become head of the regulation, women’s suffrage, & social welfare programs
US Forestry Service 4-Party was called the “Bull Moose Party”
3-Consumer Protection 5-Republican Party was split, half voted Bull Moose
-create regulations for America’s food 6-As a result of the split, Democratic Party candidate
Woodrow Wilson won the election
and pharmaceutical drugs