Tài Liệu Ôn Thi Group

1
NGOAINGU24H.VN

ANH 10 – UNIT 9: PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT

Vocabulary

impact /ˈɪm.pækt/ (n): ảnh hưởng

negative /ˈneɡ.ə.tɪv/ (adj): tiêu cực

threat /θret/ (n): mối đe dọa

deforestation /diːˌfɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən/ (n): sự phá rừng

fossil fuel /ˈfɒs.əl ˌfjʊəl/ (n): hóa thạch

depletion /dɪˈpliː.ʃən/ (n): sự cạn kiệt

greenhouse effect /ˈɡriːn.haʊs ɪˌfekt/ (n): hiệu ứng nhà kính

renewable /rɪˈnjuː.ə.bəl/ (adj): có thể làm mới

vapor /ˈveɪ·pər/ (v): bốc hơi

contaminated /kənˈtæm.ɪ.neɪt/ (adj): ô nhiễm

vegetation /ˌvedʒ.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ (n): thảm thực vật

inorganic /ˌɪn.ɔːˈɡæn.ɪk/ (adj): vô cơ, ngoại lai

fertilizer /ˈfɜː.tɪ.laɪ.zər/ (n): phân bón

pollutant /pəˈluː.tənt/ (n): chất gây ô nhiễm

pesticide /ˈpes.tɪ.saɪd/ (n): thuốc trừ sâu

ecosystem /ˈiː.kəʊˌsɪs.təm/ (n): hệ sinh thái

psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəlˈɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ (adj): thuộc về tâm lí

detergent /dɪˈtɜː.dʒənt/ (n): chất tẩy rửa

T
E
N
I.

Quiz
H
T
N

1. There is a ______ of water because it hasn’t rained for a long time.

O
U
IE

A. shortage B. short C. shortest D. shorter

IL
A

Chinh phục kì thi THPT QG cùng với cô Mai Phương tại website ngoaingu24h.vn!
T

https://TaiLieuOnThi.Net
 Tài Liệu Ôn Thi Group

2
NGOAINGU24H.VN

2. The creation of nature reserves will help to ensure the ______ of many endangered species

A. extinction B. survival C. elimination D. disappearance

3. Farmers can enrich the soil by using ______.

A. fertile B. fertility C. fertilizers D. fertilize

4. The huge oil slick is moving slowly towards Ireland, and several miles of coastline are
under ______.

A. threat B. stake C. pressure D. damage

5. Pollution can have disastrous effects on the delicately balanced ______.

A. pesticides B. ecosystem C. pollutants D. conservation

6. Much of the region's native _____ has been damaged by developers who are building
hotels along the coast.

A. depletion B. threat C. vegetation D. impact

Grammar

Câu gián tiếp

Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói.

Ex: 'I'm writing for my school newsletter,' Nam said.

➔ Nam said (that) he was writing for his school newsletter.

3 quy tắc

❑ Thay đổi chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu.

❑ Lùi thì

❑ Thay đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn.

Động từ khuyết thiếu trong câu gián tiếp

T
E
N
I.

Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

H
T
N

will would
O
U
IE
IL
A

Chinh phục kì thi THPT QG cùng với cô Mai Phương tại website ngoaingu24h.vn!
T

https://TaiLieuOnThi.Net
 Tài Liệu Ôn Thi Group

3
NGOAINGU24H.VN

must/ have to had to

can could

may might

Thì trong câu gián tiếp

HTĐ QKĐ

He said: “I know it” He said that he knew it

HTTD QKTD

He said “I am watching TV”. He said that he was watching TV.

QKĐ QKHT

She said “My mother bought this book She said that her mother had bought that
yesterday” book the day before.

QKTD QKHTTD

Lan said “I was doing homework at 7 Lan said that she had been doing homework
o’clock last night”. at 7 o’clock the night before.

HTHT QKHT

He said: “I’ve lived here for 5 years.” He said that he had lived there for 5 years.

QKHT QKHT

Nam said “I had finished reading the book.” Nam said he had finished reading the book.

Biến đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn và từ chỉ định

now then

today that day

tonight that night

T
E
N

yesterday the day before

I.
H
T

the previous day

N
O
U

ago before
IE
IL
A

Chinh phục kì thi THPT QG cùng với cô Mai Phương tại website ngoaingu24h.vn!
T

https://TaiLieuOnThi.Net
 Tài Liệu Ôn Thi Group

4
NGOAINGU24H.VN

last night the night before

the previous night

tomorrow the next day

the following day

next week the next week

the following week

here there

this that

these those

Quiz

1. Nam said that pollution ____ one of the problems in my neighborhood.

A. was B. is

2. The students told the teacher that _____ were discussing the protection of the natural
environment.

A. we B. they

PRACTICE

Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined

1. A. impact B. animal C. polar D. land

2. A. threat B. increase C. release D. easy

T

Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others
E
N
I.

3. A. fertilizer B. ecosystem C. agriculture D. environment

H
T
N

4. A. machinery B. independent C. preservation D. conservation

O
U
IE
IL
A

Chinh phục kì thi THPT QG cùng với cô Mai Phương tại website ngoaingu24h.vn!
T

https://TaiLieuOnThi.Net
 Tài Liệu Ôn Thi Group

5
NGOAINGU24H.VN

Choose the correct answer

5. The campaign ______ things like water bottles and aluminum cans into new, useful objects
like park benches, bikes, etc.

A. turns B. comes C. becomes D. recycles

6. Fish and poultry have a much lower impact _____ the environment, and other plant
proteins are even less damaging ______ the planet.

A. Ø - for B. on - to C. on - with D. of - to

7. We get the energy we require for our everyday needs from many sources, but not all of
them are ______.

A. unharmed B. eco-friendly C. ecological D. economic

8. Burning garbage _______ dangerous gases to the environment, and this may lead to global
warming.

A. throws B. sends C. emits D. rejects

9. Individually wrapped candy or chocolate causes a lot of trash, ______ fruits and vegetables
are healthier and mean less waste.

A. so B. as C. because D. while

10. Sometimes it’s better not to buy something new, and buy it _______ instead.

A. use B. used C. usable D. useful

11. Earth day was started by John McConnell in 1970 as a way to make people ______ the
problems of the environment.

A. attention to B. responsible with C. aware of D. attentive to

12. The heavily polluted water near the factory _____ the safety of the local people.

A. endangers B. preserves C. contaminates D. is threatened

13. He asked the children ______ the river.

A. not to pollute B. not polluting C. don’t pollute D. if they don’t pollute

14. They asked me how many students_____ in the school.

T
E
N

A. there are B. are there C. there were D. were there

I.
H
T

15. He told me that _______.

N
O
U

A. he participated in the conservation campaign the previous day

IE
IL
A

Chinh phục kì thi THPT QG cùng với cô Mai Phương tại website ngoaingu24h.vn!
T

https://TaiLieuOnThi.Net
 Tài Liệu Ôn Thi Group

6
NGOAINGU24H.VN

B. he has participated in the conservation campaign the previous day

C. he would participate in the conservation campaign yesterday

D. he had participated in the conservation campaign the previous day

16. He asked, “Why did she write the article on conservation?” He asked why ______.

A. she wrote the article on conservation

B. did she write the article on conservation

C. she had written the article on conservation

D. she has written the article on conservation

Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)

17. Water pollution is a result of dumping pollutants such as detergents, pesticides, oil, and
other chemicals in rivers, which makes the water unclean.

A. substances B. stuffs C. contaminants D. wastes

18. WWF was set up in 1961 and had its operations in areas such as the preservation of
biological diversity.

A. difference B. abundance C. variety D. plenty

Choose the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s)

19. Fresh water is very important to life because no one can live without it.

A. Clean B. Drinkable C. Polluted D. Running

20. Soil pollution leads to lack of fertile land to grow enough food for an increasing
population.

A. arid B. rich C. unclean D. deserted

T

Choose the best answer to complete the passage

E
N
I.

Stop Pollution Now!

H
T

Pollution is a really big problem on our planet and it must be stopped immediately. It must be
N
O

stopped before our planet goes (21) _____. There are three main reasons, in my opinion, why
U
IE

pollution should be stopped. The first reason why we should stop pollution is that pollution is
IL
A

Chinh phục kì thi THPT QG cùng với cô Mai Phương tại website ngoaingu24h.vn!
T

https://TaiLieuOnThi.Net
 Tài Liệu Ôn Thi Group

7
NGOAINGU24H.VN

destroying the environment we live in. Carbon dioxide is a big contribution (22) _____
pollution. Carbon dioxide (23) ______ our climate in many different ways. The way it works
is that certain ‘greenhouse gases’ can't escape from our atmosphere (24) _____ they get
trapped. The second reason why we should stop pollution is that it also has an influence (25)
_____ us - humans. Pollution also influences human life and that is a big problem.

21. A. extinct B. extinction C. disappeared D. disappearing

22. A. in B. at C. to D. with

23. A. affects B. effects C. causes D. attacks

24. A. so B. but C. although D. because

25. A. at B. to C. on D. Ø

Read the passage and choose the correct answer for each question.

There are many ways that recycling helps the environment, and even the smallest step can have
significant results.

The environmental problem of landfills is a difficult issue to fix. As more waste is put into
landfills, the bigger the problem gets. Wastes that are not biodegradable or are slow to
decompose can remain in landfill sites for centuries, often emitting gases that could be harmful
to the environment. Keeping paper out of landfills is just one way that recycling helps the
environment.

Recycling items often uses less energy than manufacturing products from natural sources.
Making paper that is using recycled pulp, for instance, is much less energy intensive than using
new wood. While there are benefits to growing trees because of the carbon dioxide that they
consume, it will be the damage that is done to the environment by putting paper in landfills and
using energy to produce new items.

Waste in landfills emit gases as it rots. This can pollute the environment. Anyone who has
passed a landfill site during hot weather will be familiar with the unpleasant smell and flies that
can be found near a landfill site. Reducing the items in landfills will help to reduce the pollution
that it causes. Recycling wastes also typically emits less carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide,
thus reducing the carbon footprint of a product.

Another benefit of recycling is that there is often a significant cost saving to be made when
T

using recycle goods. Recycling leaves and grass, for instance, is a great way to make compost.
E
N

Using homemade compost is obviously a lot cheaper than buying compost and this is a useful
I.
H

way to save money. Saving money through recycling ultimately helps the environment.
T
N
O

Recycling is just one of many ways that we can help the environment. Every step that we take,
U

however small, is one more towards helping and supporting the environment in which we live.
IE
IL
A

Chinh phục kì thi THPT QG cùng với cô Mai Phương tại website ngoaingu24h.vn!
T

https://TaiLieuOnThi.Net
 Tài Liệu Ôn Thi Group

8
NGOAINGU24H.VN

Getting everyone involved, from children to adults, can help produce a better environment for
many generations to come.

26. The environmental problem of landfills is a difficult issue to fix because ______ .

A. wastes can make the soil biodegradable or slow to decompose

B. we have difficulty keeping paper out of landfills for recycling

C. the problem gets bigger and more waste is put into landfills

D. wastes can remain in landfill sites for centuries, often emitting harmful gases

27. The following statements are the benefits of recycling paper EXCEPT that _____.

A. recycling uses less energy than manufacturing new products

B. recycling helps use more energy to produce new items

C. recycling helps protect trees that can consume carbon dioxide

D. recycling helps reduce wastes at landfill sites

28. Recycling can help to solve the problem of pollution because _____.

A. it reduces the carbon footprint of products

B. it helps people stay far away from landfill sites

C. it helps people forget the unpleasant smell and flies

D. it reduces biodegradable wastes at households

29. Using homemade compost is cost-effective as _____.

A. it is a good way to make compost at home

B. we can recycle leaves and grass

C. it is both economical and good for environment

D. it can prevent unpleasant smell or flies

30. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that _____.

A. recycling wastes also helps us to limit harmful gases

T
E
N

B. there are many ways that we can do to help the environment

I.
H
T

C. even the smallest thing we do might have significant results in protecting the environment
N
O

D. getting adults involved in recycling can help to have a better environment.

U
IE
IL
A

Chinh phục kì thi THPT QG cùng với cô Mai Phương tại website ngoaingu24h.vn!
T

https://TaiLieuOnThi.Net