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PHYSICS
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER : CIRCULAR MOTION

THEORY 01-13
EXERCISE 14-28
ANSWER KEY 29
Physics-XI Circular Motion

CHAPTER

CIRCULAR MOTION
1. Fundamental parameter of circular motion Example : 01
1.1 Radius vector : The vector joining the centre of A particle completes 1.5 revolutions in a circular
the circle and the center of the particle performing path of radius 2 cm. The angular displacement of
circular motion is called radius vector. the particle will be - (in radian)
It has constant magnitude and variable direction (1) 6 π (2) 3 π (3) 2 π (4) π
Solution : (2)
2. ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT Arc length
We have angular displacement =
Introduction : Angle subtended by position radius of part
vector of a particle moving along any arbitrary ∆S
path w.r.t. some fixed point is called angular ⇒ ∆θ =
r
displacement.
Here, ∆S = n(2πr) = 1.5 (2π × 2 × 10–2) = 6π × 10–2
(1) Particle moving in an arbitrary path
6π × 10−2
∴ ∆θ = = 3π radian
Q
2 × 10−2
Hence correct answer is (2)
∆θ P

O
Fixed point Example : 02

(2) Particle moving in straight line If a particle complete half revolution along
Q the circumference of a circle then its angular
∆θ
O
displacement is -
P
(1) 0 (2) π (3) 2π (4) 3π
(3) Particle moving in circular path
Solution : (2) π
Q
2.1 Angular velocity (ω)
O ∆θ ∆S
r The rate of change of angular displacement is
P
called angular velocity.
(i) Angular displacement is a vector quantity. It is a vector quantity.
(ii) Its direction is perpendicular to plane of The angle traced per unit time by the radius vector
rotation and given by right hand screw rule. is called angular speed.
Note: Clockwise angular displacement is taken as δθ
Instantaneous angular velocity = ω = lim
negative and anticlockwise displacement as δ t →0 δ t

positive. dθ
arc Arc length or ω =
angle = = dt
radius radius
 θ 2 − θ1 ∆θ
(iii) For circular motion dS = r × dθ =
Average angular velocity ω =
t2 − t1 ∆t
(iv) Its unit is radian (in M.K.S or SI)
Note : Always change degree into radian, if it occurs S.I. Unit : rad/sec
in numerical problems. Dimension : M0L0T–1
360° Direction : Infinitesimal angular displacement,
Note : 1 radian = ⇒ π radian = 180º angular velocity and angular acceleration are
2π
(v) It is a dimensionless quantity i.e. dimension vector quantities whose direction is given by right
[M0L0T0] hand rule.

1
Circular Motion Physics-XI
r.δ s δθ
∴ v = lim = r lim
δ t →0 δt δ t →0 δ t

δθ
But, lim = ω = angular velocity
δt
δ t →0

∴ v = r. ω [For circular motion only]

i.e. (linear velocity) = (Radian) × (angular
velocity)
→ → →
In vector notation, v= ω × r [in general]
Right hand Rule : Imagine the axis of rotation to
be held in the right hand with fingers curled round Linear velocity of a particle performing circular
the axis and the thumb stretched along the axis. If motion is the vector product of its angular velocity
the curled fingers denote the sense of rotation, then and radius vector.
the thumb denoted the direction of the angular 2.4 Relation between angular acceleration & linear
acceleration
velocity (or angular acceleration of infinitesimal
For perfect circular motion we know v = ω r
angular displacement .
on differentiating with respect to time
dv dω
we get a=rα =r
dt dt
→ → →
In vector form a= α × r (linear acceleration)
= (angular acceleration) × (radius)

3. Types of circular motion

3.1 uniform circular motion
Uniform circular motion : Motion of a particle
2.2 Angular acceleration (α) along the circumference of a circle with a constant
The rate of change of angular velocity is called speed is called uniform circular motion. Uniform
circular motion is an accelerated motion.
angular acceleration.
In case of uniform circular motion :
Average angular acceleration
   speed remains constant. v = constant
 ω2 − ω1 ∆ω and v = ω r
=α =
t2 − t1 ∆t angular velocity ω = constant
Instantaneous angular acceleration motion will be periodic with time period =
d ω d 2θ 2π 2π r
α
= = =
T =
dt dt 2 ω v
Frequency of uniform circular motion :
It is a vector quantity, whose direction is along the
The number of revolutions performed per unit time
change in direction of angular velocity. by the particle performing uniform circular motion
S.I. Unit : radian/sec2 is called the frequency (n)
Dimension : [M0L0T–2] 1 v ω
2.3 Relation between angular velocity and linear ∴ n == =
T 2π r 2π
velocity S.I. unit of frequency is Hz.
Suppose the particle moves along a circular path As ω = constant, from ω = ω0 + αt
from point A to point B in infinitesimally small angular acceleration α = 0
time δt. As at = αr, tangential acc. at = 0
As, δt → 0, δθ → 0 As at= 0, a = (ar2 + at2)1/2 yields a = ar, i.e.
∴ arc AB = chord AB i.e. displacement of the acceleration is not zero but along radius towards
particle is along a straight line. centre and its magnitude a = ar = (v2/r) = rω2
δs Speed and magnitude of acceleration are constant.
∴ Linear velocity, v = lim
δ t →0 δ t but their directions are always changing so
But, δs = r.δθ velocity and acceleration are not constant.
ω →
Direction of v is always along the tangent while
B → → →
δs that of ar along the radius v ⊥ ar
δθ →
O A
r If the moving body comes to rest, i.e. v → 0, the
body will move along the radius towards the
centre and if radial acceleration ar vanishes, the

2
Physics-XI Circular Motion
body will fly off along the tangent. So a tangential Solution:
→
velocity and a radial acceleration (hence force) is a |∆v| = 2v sin40º/2 = 2 v sin 20º
must for uniform circular motion.
→ mv 2
As=
F ≠ 0 , so the body is not in equilibrium Example : 04
r
A particle revolving in a circular path completes
and linear momentum of the particle moving on
first one third of circumference in 2 sec, while next
the circle is not conserved. However, as the force
one third in 1 sec. The average angular velocity of
is control, i.e.,
→
particle will be: (in rad/sec3)
τ = 0 , so angular momentum is conserved, i.e., 2π π 4π 5π
(1) (2) (3) (4)
→ → 9 3 9 9
p ≠ constant but L = constant Solution : (3)
The work done by centripetal force is always zero 
Total angular displacment
as it is perpendicular to velocity and hence We have ωav =
Total time
displacement. By work-energy theorem as work
For first one third part of circle, angular displacement,
done = change in kinetic energy ∆K = 0
So K (kinetic energy) remains constant
S1 2π r / 3
e.g. Planets revolving around the sun, motion of an θ1 = = For second one third part of circle,
electron around the nucleus in an atom r r
2π
θ2 = 2πr / 3
= rad
4. SPECIAL POINTS r 3
Total angular displacement,
In one dimensional motion, acceleration is always
parallel to velocity and changes only the θ = θ1 + θ2 = 4π/3 rad
Total time = 2 + 1 = 3 sec
magnitude of the velocity vector.
→ 4π / 3 4π
a v(t) a v(t + ∆t)
∴ ωav = 3 rad/s = rad/s
(a)
a 9
Hence correct answer is (3)
v(t)
a
a
a
Example : 05
v(t + ∆t)
V(t +∆t)
The ratio of angular speeds of minute hand and
hour hand of a watch is -
(b) (c) (1) 1 : 12 (2) 6 : 1 (3) 12 : 1 (4) 1 : 6
In uniform circular motion, acceleration is always Solution : (3)
perpendicular to velocity and changes only the Angular speed of hour hand,
direction of the velocity vector. ∆θ 2π
ω1 = ∆t
= 12 × 60 rad/sec
In the more general case, like projectile motion,
acceleration is neither parallel nor perpendicular to angular speed of minute hand,
2π ω2
figure summarizes these three cases. ω2 = rad/sec ⇒
12
60 ω1 = 1
If a particle moving with uniform speed v on a
Hence correct answer is (3).
circle of radius r suffers angular displacement θ in
time ∆t then change in its velocity.
→ → → → → Example : 06
∆ v = ∆ v2 − ∆ v1 v1 = v1 iˆ The angular displacement of a particle is given by
→ → →
θ = ω0t + 2 αt2, where ω0 and α are constant and
1
=v2 v2 cos θ iˆ + v2 sin θ ˆj
→ →
∆ v (v2 cos θ − v1 ) iˆ + v 2 sin 2 ˆj
=
→ →
ω0 = 1 rad/sec, α = 1.5 rad/sec2. The angular
velocity at time, t = 2 sec will be (in rad/se(3) -
→ → → →
=
|∆v| (v2 cos θ − v1 ) 2 + v 2 sin 2 (1) 1 (2) 5 (3) 3 (4) 4
Solution : (4)
→
|∆v
=| 2v 2 − 2v 2 cos θ = 2v 2 (1 − cos θ ) We have θ = ω0t + 2 αt2
1

θ
= 2v 2  2sin 2 
diff.w.r.t. time
( v1 = v2 = v) dθ
 2 We get, dt
= ω0 + αt
This is angular velocity at time t. Now angular velocity
Example : 03
at t = 2 sec will be
A particle is moving in a circle of radius r center at  dθ 
O with constant speed v. What is the change in ω =  dt  t =2 sec = ω0 + 2α= 1 + 2 x 1.5 = 4 rad/sec
velocity in moving from A to B? Given ∠AOB = 40º . Hence correct answer is (4)

3
Circular Motion Physics-XI
5. Centripetal and centrifugal force Explanation :
(i) Centrifugal force is a pseudo force as it is
5.1 Centripetal force : In uniform circular motion the
experienced due to accelerated frame of
force acting on the particle along the radius and
reference. The interaction of origin and away
towards the centre keeps the body moving along the
from the centre.
circular path . This force is called centripetal force.
(ii) It is along the radius and away from the centre.
Explanation :
(iii) The centrifugal force in having the same
(i) Centripetal force in necessary for uniform
magnitude as that of centripetal force. But, its
circular motion.
direction is opposite to that of centripetal
(ii) It is along the radius and towards the centre.
force. It is not due to reaction of centripetal
(iii) Centripetal force = [mass] × [centripetal
force because without action, reaction not
mv 2
acceleration] = = mrω2 possible, but centrifugal force can exists
r
v without centripetal force.
mv 2
(iv) Magnitude of the centrifugal force is or
v v r
(iv) Centripetal force is due to known interaction. mrω2.
Therefore it is a real force. If an object tied to a Note : 
string its revolved uniformly in a horizontal circle, Pseudo force acts in non inertial frame i.e.
the centripetal force is due to the tension imparted accelerated frame of reference in which Neutron’s
to the string by the hand. law’s of motion do not hold good.
When a satellite is revolving in circular orbit When a car moving along a horizontal curve takes
round the earth, the centripetal force is due to the a turn, the person in the car experiences a push in
gravitational force of attraction between the the outward direction.
satellite and the earth. The coin placed slightly away from the centre of a
In an atom, an electron revolves in a circular orbit rotating gramophone disc slips towards the edge of
round the nucleus. The centripetal force is due to the the disc.
electrostatic force of attraction between the positively A cyclist moving fast along a curved road has to
charged nucleus and negatively charged electron. lean inwards to keep his balance.
5.3 Difference between centripetal force and
Example : 7
centrifugal force
Stone of mass 1kg is whirled in a circular path of Centrifugal force
radius 1 m. Find out the tension in the string if the  Centripetal force is directed along the radius.
linear velocity is 10 m/s?  Centrifugal force is directed along the radius,
mv 2 1 × (10) 2 radius, away from the centre of the circle.
Solution : Tension = = 100 N
zz
R 1  It is a real force
Example : 8  This force is the effect of uniform circular
A satellite of mass 107 kg is revolving around the earth motion.
with a time period of 30 days at a height of 1600 km.  It arises only in the non-inertial frame of
Find out the force of attraction on satellite by earth? frames of reference. reference of in a rotating
Solution : frame of reference.
2π 2 × 3.4 6.28  e.g. along a curved road the passenger in
Force = mω2R and ω = = =
T 30 × 86400 2.59 × 106 round the earth, the centripetal force is due to
2
 6.28  the vehicle has a feeling of push in the
Force = mω2r =  6 
×107 × (6400 + 1600) × 103 outward gravitational force of attraction
 2.59 × 10 
direction. This push is due to centrifugal force
= 2.34 × 106 N
Centripetal force
5.2 Centrifugal force
 It is a pseudo force.
The pseudo force experienced by a particle
performing uniform circular motion due to
 This force produces uniform motion.
accelerated frame of reference which is along the  It arises in both inertial and non-inertial
radius and directed way from the centre is called  e.g. when a satellite is revolving in circular
centrifugal force. orbit

4
Physics-XI Circular Motion
5.4 Applications of centrifugal force ∴ T1 = mω2r1 +T2 = mω2 (r1 + r2)
The centrifugal pump used to lift the water works T1 r1 + r2 1 + 2 3
on the principle ∴ = = =
T2 r2 2 2
of centrifugal force.
A cream-separator used in the dairy work, works
on the principle of centrifugal force. 6. Conical pendulum
Centrifugal drier.:- (This the best example of uniform circular motion)
Centrifuge used for the separation of suspended A conical pendulum consists of a body attached to
particle from the liquid, a string, such that it can revolve in a horizontal
works on the principle of centrifugal force. circle with uniform speed. The string traces out a
cone in the space.
5.5 A Centrifuge The force acting on the bob are
A centrifuge works on the principle of centrifugal S

force. θ 

The centrifuge consists of two steel tubes h

suspended from the ends of a horizontal bar which T Tcosθ
θ
can be rotated at high speed in a horizontal plane Tsinθ mv
2

r O P r
by an electric motor.
mg
The tubes are filled with the liquid and the bar is
set into rotation. (1) Tension T (2) weight mg
Due to rotational motion, the tubes get tied and The horizontal component T sinθ of the tension T
finally be come horizontal. provides the centripetal force and the vertical
Due to heavy mass, the heavier particles component T cos θ balances the weight to bob
experience more centrifugal force than that of the mv 2
∴ T sinθ = and T cosθ = mg
liquid particles. Therefore, is then stopped so that r
the tubes becomes vertical. From these equations Tension is
v4
=T mg 1 + ...(i)
r2g2
v2
and tan θ = ...(ii)
rg
Example : 9 If h = height of conical pendulum
Two balls of equal masses are attached to a string OP r
tanθ = = ...(iii)
at distance 1 m and 2 m from one end as shown in OS h
fig. The string with masses is then moved in a v2 r v2 g
From (ii) & (iii) = ⇒ ω2 =2 =
horizontal circle with constant speed. Find the ratio rg h r h
of the tension T1 and T2? The time period of revolution
Solution :
h  cos θ
Let the balls of the two circles are r1 and r2. The linear =
T 2= π = 2π
g g
speed of the two masses are v1 = ωr1, v2 = ωr2
where ω is the angular speed of the circular motion.
The tension in the strings are such that 6.1 Hints to solve numerical problem (UCM)
(i) First show all force acting on a particle
mv22
=
T2 = mω 2 r2 (ii) Resolve these forces along radius and tangent.
r2
(iii) Resultant force along radial direction provides
necessary centripetal force.
T1 mT2
m (iv) Resultant force along tangent = MaT = 0
O 1m
2m
(aT = tangential acceleration)

mv12 Example : 10
T1 − T2= = mω 2 r1
r1 A vertical rod is rotating about its axis with a
r2
uniform angular speed ω. A simple pendulum of
r1
length  is attached to its upper end what is its
O
T1 T2 T2 inclination with the rod?

5
Circular Motion Physics-XI
A
Solution : N
B
Let the radius of the circle in which the bob is rotating
θ
is, the tension in the string is T, weight of the bob mg, h θ
mg
v
and inclination of the string θ. Then T cos θ balances
the weight mg and T sin θ provides the centripetal mv 2
= mg cos θ ⇒ v2 = gR cos θ
force necessary for circular motion. R
That is - According to law of conservation of energy
T cos θ = mg and T sin θ = mω2 x (K.E.+ P.E.) at A =( K . E.+ P. E.) at B
ω
1
⇒ o + mgR = mv 2 + mgh ⇒ v= 2
2 g ( R − h).......(2)
 2
θ
T Tcosθ 1
θ From (1) & (2) h = R , Also cos θ = 2/3
Tsinθ
x
2

mg
Example : 13
A particle describes a horizontal circle of radius r
but x =  sin θ ∴ T = mω2 
in a funnel type vessel of frictionless surface with
mg mg −1  g  half one angle θ (as shown in figure). If mass of the
θ
and cos= = or θ = cos  2 
T mω 
2
ω  particle is m, then in dynamical equilibrium the
speed of the particle must be -
Solution :
Example : 11
The normal reaction N and weight mg are the only
A circular loop has a small bead which can slide on forces acting on the particle (inertial frame view), the
it without friction. The radius of the loop is r.
π 
Keeping the loop vertically it is rotated about a N is making an angle  − θ  with the vertical. The
vertical diameter at a constant angular speed ω. 2 
What is the value of angle θ, when the bead is in vertical component of N balances the weight mg and
dynamic equilibrium? the horizontal component provides the centripetal force
Solution : Centripetal force is provided by the required for circular motion.
horizontal component of the normal reaction N. Thus
The vertical component balances the weight. Thus
π 
N sin θ = mω2x and N cos θ = mg N cos =  − θ  mg
ω
2 
π  2
N sin  − θ  = mv or N sin θ = mg.
Ncosθ

r O 2  r
N
θ
mv 2 rg
, on dividing we get ,so v =
2
mv x
M N cos θ =
tan θ
r P Nsinθ
r
mg OP = r
MP = x

Also x = r sin θ ⇒ N = mω2r Example : 14

g −1  g 
cos θ = 2 or θ = cos  2  Prove that a motor car moving over a (i) Convex
ωr  rω  bridge is lighter than the same car resting on the
same bridge.
(ii) Concave bridge is heavier than the same car
Example : 12
resting on the same bridge.
A particle of mass m slides down from the vertex of Solution :
semihemisphere, without any initial velocity. At Apparent weight of car = N (normal reaction)
what height from horizontal will the particle leave
(i) Convex bridge
the sphere.
The motion of the motor car over a convex bridge is
Solution :
the motion along the segment of a circle. The
mv 2
Let the particle leave the sphere at height h, = mg centripetal force is provided by the difference of
R
weight mg of the car and the normal reaction N of the
cos θ – N
bridge.
When the particle leaves the sphere N = 0,

6
Physics-XI Circular Motion
N By conservation of energy at point A & B
1 2 1
mu = mv 2 + mgh or u = v + 2gh
2 2
v 2 2
or v=
2
u 2 − 2 gh ........(iii)
mg Substitute value of cos θ and v2 in equn. (i)
r − h m 2
T – mg   = r (u – 2gh) or
r
 r 
r m 2
T= [u – 2gh + gr – gh)
N
r
m 2
or T = [u + gr – 3gh] ............(iv)
v r
(i) If velocity becomes zero at height h1
mv
2
O = u2 – 2gh,
r mg
u2
mv 2
mv 2 or h1 = ........ (v)
∴ mg – N = or N = mg – 2g
r r
Clearly N < mg, i.e., the apparent weight of the (ii) If tension becomes zero at height h2
moving car is less than the weight of the stationary car. m 2
O= [u + gr – 3gh2]
mv 2 r
(ii) Concave bridge N – mg = or u2 + gr – 3gh2 = 0
r
mv 2 u 2 + gr
Apparent weight N = mg + or h2 = .........(vi)
r 3g
(iii) Case of oscillation
7. Motion in vertical circle It v = 0, T ≠ 0
Motion of a body suspended by string : then h1 < h2
This is the best example of non-uniform circular
motion. T=0 T=0
v=0 v=0
Suppose a particle of mass m is attached to an
inexcusable light string of length r. The particle is v=0,
T≠0 u <= 2gr
moving in a vertical circle of radius r, about a v << 2gr Case of oscillation
fixed point O. Case of oscillation semi-circular path

At lost point A velocity of particle = u

(in horizontal direction) u 2 u 2 + gr
After covering ∠θ velocity of particle = v (at point (2) <
2g 3g
Resolve weight (mg) into two components
3u2 < 2u2 + 2gr
(i) mg cos θ (along radial direction)
u2 < 2gr
(ii) mg sin θ (tangential direction)
Then force T – mg cos θ provides necessary u< 2gr
centripetal force (iv) Case of leaving the circle
mv 2 If v ≠ 0, T = 0
T – mg cosθ = ......(i)
r v
Parabolic v≠0
r−h path T=0
∆ OCB cos θ = ......(ii) α
r
or h = r (1 – cosθ) α

u
A
5gr >> u >
> 2gr
O Case of leaving the circle
T v
C θ u u 2 + gr
2

h
B then h1 > h2 >
mgcosθ 2g 3g
θ

u
3u2 > 2u2 + 2gr
sin

A mg
mg

u2 > 2gr

7
Circular Motion Physics-XI
u> 2gr But velocity at the lowest point of circle,
5R
5 gr > u > 2 gr v ≥ 5 gR ⇒ 2 gh ≥ 5 gR ⇒ h ≥
2
(v) Case of complete the circle Example : 16
A body weighing 0.4 kg is whirled in a vertical circle
Case of complete making 2 revolutions per second. If the radius of the
the circle or
looping the loop circle is 1.2 m, find the tension in the string, when the
body is (1) at the top of the circle (2) at the bottom of
the circle. Given : g = 9.8 ms–2 and π = 1.2 m
u > 5gr

u ≥ 5 gr T ≥ 0 Solution :
v≠0 Mass m = 0.4 kg time period =
1
second and radius,
2
8. SPECIAL NOTE :
r =1.2 m
The same conditions apply if a particle moves
2π
inside a smooth spherical shell of radius R. The Angular velocity, ω = = 4π rad s–1 = 12.56 rad s–1
1/ 2
only difference is that the tension is replaced by
(1) At the top of the circle,
the normal reaction N.
mv 2
This is shown in the figure given below T= − mg = mrω 2 − mg = m (rω 2 − g )
r
v = gR N = 0
= 0.4 (1.2 × 12.56 × 12.56 – 9.8) N = 71.8 N
(i) Condition of looping the loop is u ≥ 5gR (2) At the lowest point, T = m(rω2 + g) = 79.64 m
v
Example : 17
In a circus a motorcyclist moves in vertical loop
u inside a ‘death well’ (a hollow spherical chamber
N = 6mg
u = 5gR
with holes, so that the spectators can watch from
(ii) Condition of leaving the circle outside). Explain clearly why the motorcyclist does
2gR < u < 5gR not drop down when the is at the uppermost point,
N=0
v
V≠0
with no support from below. What is the minimum
speed required to perform a vertical loop is the
h>R
radius of the chamber is 25 m.
u Solution :
When the motorcyclist is at the highest point of te
(iii) Condition of oscillation is 0 < u ≥ 2gR
death-well, the normal reaction R on the motorcyclist
V=0
N≠0 by the ceiling of the chamber acts downwards. His
weight mg also acts downwards. These two forces are
h≤R
u
balanced by the outward centrifugal force acting on him.
mv 2
∴ R + mg = .......(i) r = radius of the circle
r
Example : 15
Here v is the speed of the motorcyclist and m is the
A ball is released from height h as shown in fig. Find mass of the motorcyclist (including the mass the motor
the condition for the particle to complete the circular cycle). Because of the balancing of the forces, the
path. motorcyclist does not fall down.
A
The minimum speed required to perform a vertical
h
loop is given by equation (i), when R = 0
R
mv 2 min
B
∴ mg = or v2min = gr
Solution: r
According to law of conservation of energy or vmin = gr = 9.8 × 25 ms–1 = 15.65 ms–1
(K.E. + P.E) at A = (K.E. + P.E) at B
1 So, the minimum speed at the top required to perform
⇒ 0 + mgh = mv2 + 0 ⇒ v = 2gh a vertical loop is 15.65 ms–1.
2

8
Physics-XI Circular Motion
Example : 18 Therefore, the minimum values of u in this case is
A 4kg ball in swung in a vertical circle at the end of 2 gR
a cord 1 m long. What is the maximum speed which Same in the case when a particle is compelled to
is can swing if the cord can sustain maximum move inside a smooth vertical tube as shown in fig. (2)
tension of 163.6 N?
Solution :
10. Particle application of circular motion
mv 2
Maximum tension =
=T + mg (at lowest point) 10.1 A Cyclist making A turn
r Let a cyclist moving on a circular path of radius r bend
mv 2 away from the vertical by an angle θ. If R is the
∴ = T – mg
r reaction of the ground, then R may be resolved into
4v 2 two components horizontal and vertical. The vertical
or = 163.6 – 4 × 9.8
1 component R cos θ balances the weight mg of the
solving we get v = 6 m/sec cyclist and the horizontal component R sin θ provides
the necessary centripetal force for circular motion.
Example : 19 mv 2
R sin θ = .......(1)
A small body of mass m = 0.1 kg swings in a vertical r
circle at the end of a chord of length 1 m. Its speed
is 2 m/s when the chord makes an angle θ = 30º with Rcosθ
R
c.m θ

Vertical
2
the vertical. Find the tension in the chord. mv
Rsinθ
r
Solution :
θ mg
The equation of motion is
mv 2 mv 2
T – mg cosθ = or T = mg cos θ + Horizontal Road
r r and R cos θ = mg .......(2)
Dividing (1) by (2), we get
O v2
θ T tan θ .......(3)
rg
θ
mgcosθ For less bedding of cyclist, his speed v should be
mg
smaller and radius r of circular path should be
Substituting the given values, we get
greater.
0.1 × (2) 2  3 If µ is coefficient of friction, then for no skidding
T = 0.1 × 9.8 × cos 30 + = 0.98 ×   + 0.4
1  2  of cycle (or overturning of cyclist)
µ ≥ tan θ ......(4)
= 0.85 + 0.4 = 1.25 N
v2
µ≥
9. Important Point : rg
If a particle of mass m is connected to a light rod
and whirled in a vertical circle of radius R, then to 10.2 An aeroplane making a turn
complete the circle, the minimum velocity of the In order to makes a circular turn, a plane must roll
particle at the bottom most points in not . Because at some angle θ in such a manner that the
in this case, velocity of the particle at the topmost horizontal component of the lift force L provides
point can be zero also. Using conservation of the necessary centripetal force for circular motion.
mechanical energy between points A and B as The vertical component of the lift force balances
shown in fig. (1) we get the weight of the plane.
Lcosθ
1 1
m (u2 – v2) = mgh or mu2 = mg (2R) L
2 2 θ

∴ u = 2 gR
Lsinθ
r

v=0 B
θ

d mg

O mv 2
R
h = 2R R L sin θ = and L cos θ = mg
light weight
u
r
rod
(as v = 0) A u ≥≥ 2 gR u ≥≥ 2 gR v2
d<<R or the angle θ should be such that tan θ =
rg
fig (a) fig (b)

9
Circular Motion Physics-XI
2
10.3 Death well and rotor FN = mac = mω r
Example of uniform circular motion 2
 rev 2π rad 1min 
In ‘death well’ a person drives a bicycle on a = 62 kg ×  25 × ×  × 5m = 2100 N
vertical surface of a large wooden well.  min 1 rev 60 s 
(2) µ FN= F= mg .........(2)dividing eqn. (2) be
eq. (1)
2
g  60  10
µ= =  × = 0.292
ω r  2π × 25 
2
5
(a) A passenger on a 'rotor ride'

In ‘death well’ walls are at rest while person

Example : 21
revolves.
In a rotor at a certain angular speed of rotor a person A 1.1 kg block slides on a horizontal frictionless
hangs resting against the wall without any floor. surface in a circular path at the end of a 0.50 m long
In rotor person is at rest and the walls rotate. string. (1) Calculate the block’s speed if the tension in
In both these cases friction balances the weight of the string in 86 N. (2) By what percent does the
person while reaction provides the centripetal tension change if the block speed decreases by 10
force necessary for circular motion i.e. percent?
Force of fiction FS = mg and Normal reaction Solution :
(1) Force diagram for the block is shown in fig. The
mv 2
FN = upward normal force balances the block’s weight.
r
The tension force of the string on the block
FN v 2 rgFN
so = , i.e., v = provides the centripetal force that keeps the block
FS rg FS moving in a circle. Newton’s second law for forces
Now for v to be minimum FS must be maximum, along the radial direction is ∑ F (in radial
rg mv 2
i.e., vmin = [as FS max = µFN] direction) = T = ,
µ r
Tr (80 N ) (0.50m)
or v = = = 5.0 m/s
m 1.2 kg
Example : 20
A 62 kg woman is a passenger in a “rotor ride” at (2) A 10 percent reduction in the speed results in a
an amusement park. A drum of radius 5.0 m is speed v’ = 5.4 m/s. The new tension is
spun with an angular velocity of 25 rpm. The FN
woman is pressed against the wall of the rotating
T
drum as shown in figure (1) Calculate the normal
Radially
force of the drum of the woman (the centripetal inward
W
force that prevents her from leaving her circular
path). (2) While the drum rotates, the floor is mv '2 (1.2kg ) (5.4m / s ) 2
lowered. A vertical static friction force supports the T'= − =
70 N
r 0.50m
woman’s weight. What must the coefficient of T ' 70 N
friction be to support her weight? Thus, = = 0.81
y T 86 N
FS percentage reduction in the tension is about 19%.
The same result is obtained using a proportionality
method.
2 2
T ' (mv '2 / r )  v '   0.90 
Radially = = =   =  0.81
inward FN T (mv 2 / r )  v   v 

10.4 Looping the loop

W This is the best example of non uniform circular
(b) A force diagram for the person motion in vertical plane.
Solution : For looping the pilot of the plane puts off the
Normal force exerted by the drum on woman towards engine at lowest point and traverses a vertical
the centre loop. (with variable velocity).

10
 Physics-XI Circular Motion
2
Example : 22 mv 2 v
µ S mg or µ S =
− µS N = or v = µ S rg
An aeroplane moves at 64 m/s in a vertical loop of r rg
radius 120 m, as shown in figure. Calculate the force It is independent of the mass of the car. The safe
of the plane’s seat on 72 kg pilot while passing velocity is same for all vehicles of larger and
through the bottom part of the loop. smaller mass.

Example : 23
A car is travelling at 30 km/h in a circle of radius 60 m.
What is the minimum value of µs for the car to make
the turn without skidding?
Solution :
Solution :
The minimum µS should be that
Two forces acts on the pilot his downward weight
mv 2 v2
force w and the upward force of the aeroplane’s seat µ S mg = or µS =
Fseat. Because the pilot moves in a circular path, these r rg
forces along the radial direction must, according to km 30 × 1000 25
Hare v = 30 = = m/s
Newton’s seconds law (∑ F = m(1), equal the pilot’s h 3600 3
mass times his centripetal acceleration, where ac = v2/r. 25 25 1
µS = × × = 0.115
We find that ∑ F (in radial direction) = Fseat – w =
mv 2 3 3 60 × 10
r For all values of µS greater than or equal to the above
Remember that force pointing towards the center of the value, the car can make the turn without skidding.
circle (Fseat) are positive & those pointing away from If the speed of the car is high so that minimum µS is
the center (w) are negative. greater than the standard values (rubber tyre on dry
Substituting ω = mg and rearranging, we find that the concrete µS = 1 and on wet concrete µS = 0.7), then the
force of the aeroplane seat on the pilot is car will skid.
 v2   64(m / s ) 2 
=Fseat m  + g  = 72 kg  + 9.8m / s 2  11. BANKING OF TRACKS
 r   120m  When a vehicle moves round a curve on the road
= 72 kg (34.1 m/s2 + 9.8m/s2) = 3160.8 N with sufficient speed, there is a tendency of over
The pilot in this example feels very heavy. To keep turning for the vehicle. To avoid this the road is
him in the circular path, the seat must push the pilot given a slope rising outwards. The phenomenon is
upwards with a force of 3160 N, 4.5 times his normal known as banking
weight. He experiences an acceleration of 4.5 g, that is, (i) Let there be vehicle on a road having slope θ.
4.5 times the acceleration of gravity. R = normal reaction of the ground
Horizontal component Vertical component
10.5 A car taking a turn on a level road R sin θ R cos θ
When a car takes a turn on a level road, the portion It provides necessary It balances the weight
of the turn can be approximated by an arc of a centripetal force of the vehicle
circle of radius r (see fig.) If the car makes the turn mv 2
R sin θ = R cos θ = mg
at a constant speed v, then there must be some r
centripetal force acting on the car. This force is
v2
generated by the friction between the tyre and the ⇒ tan θ =
rg
road. (car has a tendency to slip radially outward,
so frictional force acts inwards) This equation gives the angle of banking required.
µs is coefficient of static friction Rcosθ
R B
N = mg is the normal reaction of the surface
The maximum safe velocity v is - Rsinθ
N

F
f car θ
r A
v O
mg
free body mg
diagram of car

11
Circular Motion Physics-XI
Conditions for skidding and overturning : Solution
Let there be a car moving on a road moving on a As the vehicle has a turn of 90º, the length of the path
curved path. 1
is the part of the circle of radius r.
2a → distance between the wheels 4
h → height of centre of gravity above the ground 2π r
The force acting on car are. Hence length of the path = 314 = or
4
(i) Weight of car W = mg acting downward 4 × 314
(ii) Normal reactions of ground Ra and Rb on r= = 200 m
2π
inner and outer wheels respectively
Centripetal force,
(iii) The force of friction µRa and µRb 2
mv 2 1000  5
Condition for skidding : Fc = = ×  72 ×  =2000N
If r is radius of circular path, for equilibrium r 200  18 
mv 2 Hence correct answer is (3)
W = mg = Ra + Rb & µRa +µRb =
r
2 Example Based on Necessary Condition for Motion
mv mv 2
⇒ µ (Ra + R(2) = ⇒ µ mg = on Circular Path
r r
This gives maximum speed for skidding,
Example : 25
vmax = µ rg
For a heavy vehicle moving on a circular curve of a
Condition for overturning : highway the road bed is banked at an angle θ
Taking moments about B, we get, corresponding to a particular speed. The correct
mv 2 angle of banking of the road for vehicles moving at
Ra . 2a + h – mg a = 0
r 60 km/hr will be - (If radius of curve = 0.1 km)
mg  v 2 h  (1) tan–1(0.283) (2) tan–1(2. 83)
⇒ Ra = 1 −  –1
2  rag  (3) tan (0.05) (4) tan–1(0.5)
If we take moments about A, Solution : A
mg  v 2 h  50
we get ⇒ Rb = 1 + 
v = 60 km/hr = m/s
2  rag  3
We know that Rb is always positive while Ra r = 0.1 km = 100m
decreases as speed of the car increases. v2
∴ tan θ = = 0.283
v2 h rg
When = 1 ⇒ Ra = 0
rag ∴ θ = tan–1 (0.283)
i.e. inner wheel tends to loose contact with the earth. Hence correct answer is (1)
v2 h
When > 1 ⇒ Ra = Negative Example : 26
rag
A train has to negotiate a curve of radius 400 m. By
i.e. the car overturns outwards.
how much should the outer rail be raised with
Thus the maximum speed for no overturing is given by
respect to inner rail for a speed of 48 km/hr. The
v2 h distance between the rail is 1 m.
1– =0
rag (1) 12 m (2) 12 cm
rag (3) 4.5 cm (4) 4.5 m
⇒ vmax = Solution : C
h
v2
Example Based on Required Centripetal Force We know that tan θ = ..... (1)
for Motion on Circular Path rg
Let h be the relative raising of outer rail with respect to
Example : 24 inner rail. Then
A vehicle of mass 1000 kg is moving along a curved h
both of length 314 m with a speed of 72 km/hr. If it tan θ = ...... (2)

takes a turn of 90º, the centripetal force needed by (l = separation between rails)
the vehicle is -
(1) 20 N (2) 200 N
v2
From (1) & (2), h = xl
(3) 2000 N (4) 2 N rg

12
Physics-XI Circular Motion
120 Example : 29
Hence v = 48 km/hr = m/s,
9 An aircraft executes a horizontal loop at a speed of
(r = 400 m, l = 1m),
720 km h–1 with its wing banked at 15º. Calculate
∴ h = (120 / 9) × 1
2
the radius of the loop.
400 × 9.8 Solution :
= 0.045 m 720 × 1000
= 4.5 cm Speed , v = 720 km h–1 = ms–1 = 200 ms–1
3600
Hence correct answer is (3) and tan θ = tan 15º = 0.2679

Example : 27 v2
tan θ =
rg
At what should a highway be banked for cars
travelling at a speed of 100 km/h if the radius of the v2
or r =
road is 400 m and no frictional forces are involved? g tan θ
Solution : 200 × 200
= m
The banking should be done at an angle θ such that 9.8 × 0.2679
250 250 = 1523.7m = 15.24 km,
×
v2
tan θ = = 9 9
rg 400 × 10
Example : 30
or tan θ = 625 = 0.19 A train rounds an unbanked circular bend of
81 × 40
radius 30 m at a speed of 54 km h–1. The mass of the
or θ = tan–1 0.19 ≈ 0.19 radian
train is 106 kg. What provides the centripetal force
≈ 0.19 × 57.3º = ≈ 11º
required for this propose? The engine or the rails?
The outer of inner rails? Which rail will wear out
Example : 28 faster, the outer or the inner rail? What is the angle
The radius of curvature of a railway line at a place of banking required to prevent wearing out of the
when the train is moving with a speed of 36 kmh –1 rails?
is 1000 m, the distance between the two rails being Solution
1.5 metre. Calculate the elevation of the outer rail 54 × 5
r = 30 m, v = 54 km h–1 = ms–1 = 15 ms–1
above the inner rail so that there may be no side 18
pressure on the rails. m = 106 kg, θ =?
Solution : (i) The centripetal force is provided by the lateral
36 × 1000 thrust by the outer rail on the flanges of the wheel
Velocity, v = 36 km h–1 = ms–1 = 10 ms–1
3600 of the train. The train causes an equal and opposite
v2 1 thrust on the outer rail (Newton’s third law of
radius, r = 1000 m ; tanθ = = 1000 × 9.8 =
rg 9.8 motion).
Let h be the height through which outer rail is raised. Thus, the outer rails wears out faster.
Let  be the distance between the two rails. v2 15 × 15
(ii) tan θ = = = 0.7653
rg 60 × 9.8
h
Then, tan θ = ∴ θ = tan–1 (0.7653) = 37.43º

[ θ is very small]

or h =  tan θ
1
h = 1.5 × m = 0.0153 m [  = 1.5 m]
98

13
Circular Motion Physics-XI

EXERCISE # 1
Based On Kinematics of circular motion 9. The average acceleration vector for a particle
having a uniform circular motion is-
1. Two racing cars of masses m1 and m2 are moving
υ2
in circles of radii r1 and r2 respectively ; their (1) A constant vector of magnitude
r
speeds are such that they each make a complete
υ2
circle in the same time t. The ratio of the angular (2) A vector of magnitude directed normal
r
speed of the first to the second car is :
to the plane of the given uniform circular
(1) m1 : m2 (2) r1 : r2
motion.
(3) 1 : 1 (4) m1r1 : m2r2 (3) Equal to the instantaneous acceleration vector
2. A wheel is at rest. Its angular velocity increases at the start of the motion.
uniformly and becomes 80 radian per second after (4) A null vector.
5 second. The total angular displacement is :
10. A car wheel is rotated to uniform angular
(1) 800 rad (2) 400 rad
acceleration about its axis. Initially its angular
(3) 200 rad (4) 100 rad
velocity is zero. It rotates through an angle θ1 in
3. When a particle moves in a circle with a uniform the first 2 s , in the next 2 s, it rotates through an
θ
speed additional angle θ2 , the ratio of 2 is
θ1
(1) its velocity and acceleration are both constant (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 5
(2) its velocity is constant but the acceleration
changes 11. A particle comes round a circle of radius 1 𝑚𝑚
(3) its acceleration is constant but the velocity once. The time taken by it is 10 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠. The average
changes velocity of motion is
𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
(4) its velocity and acceleration both change (1) 0.2 (2) 2 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋/𝑠𝑠
𝑠𝑠
4. The relation between an angular velocity, the (3) 2 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 (4) Zero
position vector and linear velocity of a particle 12. If the equation for the displacement of a particle
moving in a circular path is. moving on a circular path is given by
      (𝜃𝜃) = 2𝑡𝑡 3 + 0.5, where 𝜃𝜃 is in radians and 𝑡𝑡 in
(1) ω × r =v (2) ω .r = v
      seconds, then the angular velocity of the particle
(3) r × ω =
v (4) ω r = v after 2 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 from its start is
5. A wheel is of diameter 1m. If it makes 30 (1) 8 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (2)12 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟/𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
revolutions/sec., then the linear speed of a point (3) 24 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (4) 36 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
on its circumference will be. 13. A particle is acted upon by a force of constant
(1) 30π m/s (2) π m/s magnitude which is always perpendicular to the
(3) 60π m/s (4) π/2 m/s velocity of the particle. The motion of the particle
takes place in a plane it follows that
6. In uniform circular motion
(1) Its velocity is constant
(1) Both the angular velocity and the angular (2) Its acceleration is constant
momentum vary (3) Its kinetic energy is constant
(2) The angular velocity varies but the angular (4) It moves in a straight line
momentum remains constant.
14. The angular velocity of a wheel is 70 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠.
(3) Both the angular velocity and the angular
If the radius of the wheel is 0.5 𝑚𝑚, then linear
momentum stay constant velocity of the wheel is
(4) The angular momentum varies but the angular (1) 70 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 (2) 35 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
velocity remains constant. (3) 30 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 (4) 20 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
7. The angular speed of a fly wheel making 120 15. A particle undergoes uniform circular motion.
revolutions/minute is. About which point on the plane of the circle, will
(1) 2π rad/s (2) 4π2 rad/s the angular momentum of the particle remain
(3) π rad/s (4) 4π rad/s conserved?
8. The angular velocity of the second’s needle in (1) center of the circle
(2) on the circumference of the circle
watch is-
(3) inside the circle
π 60
(1) (2) 2π (3) π (4) (4) outside the circle
30 π

14
Physics-XI Circular Motion
16. A wheel rotates with a constant angular velocity 24. A particle moves in a circle of radius 30cm. Its
of 300 rpm. The angle through which the wheel liner speed is given by 𝑣𝑣 = 2𝑡𝑡, where 𝑡𝑡 is in
rotates in one second is second and 𝑣𝑣in ms −1 . Find out its, radial and
(1) 𝜋𝜋 rad (2) 5 𝜋𝜋 rad tangential acceleration at 𝑡𝑡 = 3s, respectively,
(3) 10 𝜋𝜋 rad (4) 20 𝜋𝜋 rad (1) 220 ms −2 , 50 ms −2 (2) 100 ms −2 , 5 ms −2
(3) 120 ms −2 , 2 ms −2 (4) 110 ms −2 , 10 ms −2
17. A particle comes round a circle of radius 1 𝑚𝑚
25. A body is revolving with a uniform speed 𝑣𝑣 in a
once. The time taken by it is 10 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠. The average circle of radius 𝑟𝑟. The tangential acceleration is
velocity of motion is 𝑣𝑣 𝑣𝑣 2 𝑣𝑣
(1) (2) (3) Zero (4)
(1) 0.2 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋/𝑠𝑠 (2) 2 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋/𝑠𝑠 𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟 2
(3) 2 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 (4) Zero
Based On Circular Motion in Horizontal plane
18. Two particles P and Q are located at distances 26. A string breaks if its tension exceeds 10 newtons.
rP and rQ respectively from the axis of a rotating A stone of mass 250 gm tied to this string of
disc such that rP > rQ : length 10 cm is rotated in a horizontal circle. The
(1) Both P and Q have the same acceleration maximum angular velocity of rotation can be.
(2) Both P and Q do not have any acceleration (1) 20 rad/s (2) 40 rad/s
(3) P has greater acceleration than Q (3) 100 rad/s (4) 200 rad/s
(4) Q has greater acceleration than P 27. A particle moving along a circular path due to a
centripetal force having constant magnitude is an
19. Let ar and at represent radial and tangential example of motion with :
acceleration. The motion of a particle may be (1) constant speed and velocity
circular if : (2) variable speed and velocity
(1) ar = 0, at = 0 (2) ar = 0, at ≠ 0 (3) variable speed and constant velocity
(3) ar ≠ 0, at = 0 (4) none of these (4) constant speed and variable velocity.
28. A stone of mass 0.5 kg tied with a string of length
20. A particle moves in a circle of radius 5 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 with 1 metre is moving in a circular path with a speed of
constant speed and time period 0.2 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋. The 4 m/sec. The tension acting on the string in Newton
acceleration of the particle is is -
(1) 5 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2 (2) 15 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2 (1) 2 (2) 8 (3) 0.2 (4) 0.8
2
(3) 25 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 (4) 36 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2 29. The formula for centripetal acceleration in a
circular motion is.
21. A particle moves in a circle of radius 30 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐. Its        
(1) α × r (2) ω × v (3) α × v (4) ω × r
linear speed is given by 𝑣𝑣 = 2𝑡𝑡 where 𝑡𝑡 in second
and 𝑣𝑣in 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠. Find out its radial and tangential 30. A stone is moved round a horizontal circle with a
acceleration at 𝑡𝑡 = 3 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 respectively 20 cm long string tied to it. If centripetal
(1) 220 𝑚𝑚/ sec 2 , 50 𝑚𝑚/sec2 acceleration is 9.8 m/sec2, then its angular
(2) 100 𝑚𝑚/ sec 2 , 5 𝑚𝑚/sec 2 velocity will be
(3) 120 𝑚𝑚/ sec 2 , 2 𝑚𝑚/sec 2 (1) 7 rad/s (2) 22/7 rad/s
(4) 110 𝑚𝑚/ sec 2 , 10 𝑚𝑚/sec2 (3) 49 rad/s (4) 14 rad/s

22. A body moving along a circular path of radius 𝑅𝑅 31. A particle of mass m is executing a uniform
with velocity 𝑣𝑣, has centripetal acceleration𝑎𝑎. If motion along a circular path of radius r. If the
its velocity is made equal to 2𝑣𝑣, then its magnitude of its linear momentum is p, the radial
centripetal acceleration is force acting on the particle will be.
𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎 (1) pmr (2) rm/p (3) mp2/r (4) p2/mr
(1) 4𝑎𝑎 (2) 2𝑎𝑎 (3) (4)
4 2
32. A particle moves in a circular orbit under the
23. A car moving with the speed of 10 m/s takes a action of a central attractive force inversely
circular turn of radius 20 m. The magnitude of the proportional to the distance ‘r’. The speed of the
acceleration of the car is particle is.
(1) 5.0 ms −2 (2) 50.0 ms −2 (1) Proportional to r2 (2) Independent of r
−2
(3) 0.25 ms (4) 0.5 ms −2 (3) Proportional to r (4) Proportional to 1/r

15
Circular Motion Physics-XI
33. A particle of mass m is moving in a horizontal
circle of radius r under a centripetal force equal to Based On Radius of curvature
–k/r2. The total kinetic energy of the particle is- 43. A particle of mass m is moving with constant
(1) –k/r (2) k/r (3) k/2r (4) –k/2r velocity on smooth horizontal surface. A constant
force starts acting on particle perpendicular to
34. A car of mass 2000 kg is moving with a speed of velocity v. Radius of curvature after force F start
10 ms −1 on a circular path of radius 20 m on a acting is :
level road. What must be the frictional force mv 2 mv 2
(1) (2)
between the car and the road so that the car does F F cos θ
not slip? mv 2
(3) (4) none of these
(1) 104 N (2) 103 N (3) 105 N (4) 102 N F sin θ
44. If the radii of circular paths of two particles of
35. A car is moving on a circular level road of radius
of curvature 300 m. If the coefficient of friction is same masses are in the ratio of 1 : 2, then in order
0.3 and acceleration due to gravity 10 ms−2 , the to have same centripetal force, their speeds
maximum speed the car can have is (in km h−1 ) should be in the ratio of :
(1) 30 (2) 81 (3) 108 (4) 162 (1) 1 : 4 (2) 4 : 1 (3) 1 : 2 (4) 2 : 1
36. A stone of mass 𝑚𝑚 is tied to a string of length 𝑙𝑙 45. A particle is moving in a horizontal circle with
and rotated in a circle with a constant speed 𝑣𝑣. If constant speed. It has constant
the string is released, the stone flies (1) Velocity (2) Acceleration
(1) Radially outwards (3) Kinetic energy (4) Displacement
(2) Radially inwards 46. A cyclist riding the bicycle at a speed of
(3) Tangentially outwards
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 14√3 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −1 takes a turn around a circular road of
(4) With an acceleration 𝑙𝑙 radius 20√3 𝑚𝑚 without skidding. Given
37. A coin, placed on a rotating turn-table slips, when 𝑔𝑔 = 9.8 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −2 , what is his inclination to the
it is placed at a distance of 9 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 from the centre. vertical
If the angular velocity of the turn-table is tripled, (1) 30o (2) 90o (3) 45o (4) 60o
it will just slip, if its distance from the centre is 47. A cyclist is moving on a circular track of radius
(1) 27 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 (2) 9 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 (3) 3 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 (4) 1 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 80 m with a velocity𝑣𝑣 = 36kmh−1 . He has to
38. An unbanked curve has a radius of 60 m. The lean from the vertical approximately through an
maximum speed at which the car make a turn is angle
(Take 𝜇𝜇 = 0.75) (take 𝑔𝑔 = 10ms−2
(1) 7 ms −1 (2) 14 ms −1 1
(1) tan−1 (4) (2) tan−1 � �
(3) 21 ms −1 (4) 2.1 ms −1 3
1 1
39. A particle does uniform circular motion in a (3) tan−1 �4� (4) tan−1 �8�
horizontal plane. The radius of the circle is 48. What is the smallest radius of a circle at which a
20 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐. The centripetal force acting on the cyclist can travel if its speed is 36 kmh−1 , angle
particle is 10 𝑁𝑁. It’s kinetic energy is of inclination 45° and g = 10ms −2 ?
(1) 0.1 𝐽𝐽 (2) 0.2 𝐽𝐽 (3) 2.0 𝐽𝐽 (4) 1.0 𝐽𝐽 (1) 20 m (2) 10 m (3) 30 m (4) 40 m
40. The coefficient of friction between the tyres and
the road is 0.25. The maximum speed with which Based On Circular motion in vertical plane
a car can be driven round a curve a radius 40 𝑚𝑚 49. The tension in the string revolving in a vertical
without skidding is (assume 𝑔𝑔 = 10 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −2 ) circle with a mass m at the end when it is at the
(1) 40 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −1 (2) 20 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −1 lowest position.
−1
(3) 15 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 (4) 10 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −1
mν 2 mν 2
(1) (2) − mg
41. A body moves along a circular path of radius 10 r r
m and the coefficient of friction is 0.5. What mν 2
should be its angular speed in rad s −1 , if it is not (3) + mg (4) mg
r
to slip from the surface? (𝑔𝑔 = 9.8 ms −2 )
50. A motorcycle is going on an overbridge of radius
(1) 5 (2) 10 (3) 0.1 (4) 0.7
R. The driver maintains a constant speed. As the
42. A car sometimes overturns while taking a turn. motorcycle is ascending on the overbridge, the
When it overturns, it is normal force on it :
(1) The inner wheel which leaves the ground first (1) increase (2) decreases
(2) The outer wheel which leaves the ground first (3) remains constant
(3) Both the wheels leave the ground simultaneously (4) first increases then decreases.
(4) Either wheel leaves the ground first

16
Physics-XI Circular Motion
51. In a circus, stuntman rides a motorbike in a circular 58. A body of mass 100 g is rotating in a circular path
track of radius R in the vertical plane. The minimum of radius r with constant velocity . The work done
speed at highest point of track will be : in one complete revolution is.
(1) 2 gR (2) 2gR (3) 3 gR (4) gR (1) 100 rJ (2) (r/100) J
(3) (100/r) J (4) Zero
52. A particle is moving in a vertical circle. The
tensions in the string when passing through two 59. A weightless thread can bear tension upto 3.7 kg
positions at angles 30° and 60° from vertical wt. A stone of mass 500 gms is tied to it and
(lowest positions) are T1 and T2 respectively. revolved in a circular path of radius 4 m in a
Then vertical plane. If g = 10 ms–2, then the maximum
(1) T1 = T2 angular velocity of the stone will be.
(2) T2 > T1 (1) 4 radians/sec (2) 16 radians/sec
(3) T1 > T2 (3) 21 radians/sec (4) 2 radians/sec
(4) Tension in the string always remains the same 60. A small disc is on the top of a hemisphere of
53. A stone tied to a string is rotated in a vertical radius R. What is the smallest horizontal velocity
plane. If mass of the stone is m, the length of the v that should be given to the disc for it to leave
string is r and the linear speed of the stone is v the hemisphere and not slide down it?
when the stone is at its lowest point, then the
[There is no friction]
tension in the string at the lowest point will be :
mv 2 mv 2
(1) v = 2 gR (2) v = gR
(1) + mg (2) − mg
g
r r (3) v = (4) v = g 2 R
mv 2 R
(3) (4) mg
r 61. The maximum velocity at the lowest point, so that
54. A car moves at a constant speed on a road as the string just slack at the highest point in a
shown in figure. The normal force by the road on
vertical circle of radius .
the car is NA and NB when it is at the points A and
B respectively. (1) g (2) 3g (3) 5g (4) 7g

62. A simple pendulum oscillates in a vertical plane.

When it passes through the mean position, the
(1) NA = NB (2) NA > NB tension in the string is 3 times the weight of the
(3) NA < NB (4) insufficient pendulum bob. What is the maximum
displacement of the pendulum of the string with
55. A heavy mass is attached to a thin wire and is respect to the vertical.
whirled in a vertical circle. The wire is most
(1) 30º (2) 45º (3) 60º (4) 90º
likely to break.
(1) When the mass is at the height point of the 63. A coin placed on a rotating turntable just slips if it
circle is placed at a distance of 4 cm from the centre. If
(2) When the mass is at the lowest point of the circle the angular velocity of the turntable is doubled, it
(3) When the wire is horizontal will just slip at a distance of
(4) At an angle of cos–1 (1/3) from the upward (1) 1 cm (2) 2 cm (3) 4 cm (4) 8 cm
vertical 64. In a vertical circle of radius r, at what point in its
56. A motorcycle is going on an overbridge of radius path a particle has tension equal to zero-
R. The driver maintains a constant speed. As the (1) Highest point
motorcycle is ascending on the overbridge, the (2) Lowest point
normal force on it. (3) Any point
(1) Increases (2) Decreases (4) At a point horizontally from the centre of
(3) Remains the same (4) Fluctuates circle of radius r.
57. A hollow sphere has radius 6.4 m. Minimum
65. A cane filled with water is revolved in a vertical
velocity required by a motor cyclist at bottom to
circle of radius 4 meter and the water just does not
complete the circle will be.
fall down. The time period of revolution will be-
(1) 17.7 m/s (2) 10.2 m/s
(1) 1 sec (2) 10 sec (3) 8 sec (4) 4 sec
(3) 12.4 m/s (4) 16.0 m/s

17
Circular Motion Physics-XI
66. A weightless rod of length 2 carries two equal 72. A particle is tied to 20𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 long string. It performs
circular motion in vertical plane. What is the
masses 'm', one tied at lower end A and the other
angular velocity of the string when the tension in
at the middle of the rod at B. The rod can rotate in
the string at the top is zero
vertical plane about a fixed horizontal axis z
(1) 5 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (2) 2 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
(3) 7.5 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (4) 7 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
3g 4 g
(1) (2)
5 5 73. When a simple pendulum is rotated in a vertical
plane with constant angular velocity, centripetal
6 g 7 g force is
(3) (4)
5 5 (1) Maximum at highest point
67. An object of mass 5 kg is whirled round in a (2) Maximum at lowest point
vertical circle of radius 2 m with a constant speed (3) Same at all lower point
of 6 ms −1 . The maximum tension in the string is (4) Zero
(1) 152 N (2) 139 N (3) 121 N (4) 103 N
74. A body of mass 𝑚𝑚 is suspended from a string of
68. A body just being revolved in a vertical circle of length 𝑙𝑙. What is minimum horizontal velocity
radius 𝑅𝑅 with a uniform speed. The string breaks that should be given to the body in its lowest
when the body is at the highest point. The position so that it may complete one full
horizontal distance covered by the body after the revolution in the vertical plane with the point of
string breaks is suspension as the centre of the circle
(1) 2 𝑅𝑅 (2) 𝑅𝑅 (3) 𝑅𝑅√2 (4) 4 𝑅𝑅 (1) 𝑣𝑣 = �2𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 (2) 𝑣𝑣 = �3𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
69. An object of mass 10 kg is whirled round a (3) 𝑣𝑣 = �4𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 (4) 𝑣𝑣 = �5𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
horizontal circle of radius 4 m by a revolving
75. A 2 kg stone tied at the end of a string 1 m long is
string inclined 30° to the vertical. If the uniform
whirled along a vertical circle at a constant speed
speed of the object is 5 ms −1 , the tension in the
of 4 ms −1 . The tension in the string has a value of
string (approximately) is
52 N when the stone is
(1) 720 N (2) 960 N (3) 114 N (4) 125 N (1) At the top of the circle
70. A stone of mass 1 kg is tied to a string 4 m long (2) Half way down
and is rotated at constant speed of 40 ms −1 in a (3) At the bottom of the circle
vertical circle. The ratio of the tension at the top (4) None of the above
and the bottom is 76. A body is tied to one end of the string and
(1) 11 : 12 (2) 39 : 41 whirled in a vertical circle, the physical quantity
(3) 41 : 39 (4) 12 : 11 which remains constant is
71. A simple pendulum is oscillating without (1) Momentum (2) Speed
damping. When the displacement of the bob is (3) Kinetic energy (4) Total energy
less than maximum, its acceleration vector 𝑎𝑎⃗ is
Motion of a vehicle, Centrifugal force
correctly shown in Based On and rotation of earth

77. A car moving on a horizontal road may be thrown

out of the road in taking a turn :
 (1) By the gravitational force
(1) a (2) (2) Due to lack of sufficient centripetal force
(3) Due to friction between road and the tyre
(4) Due to reaction of earth

78. The magnitude of the centripetal force acting on a

body of mass m executing uniform motion in a
circle of radius r with speed υ is-
(3) (4) mυ 2
(1) mυr (2)
r
 
a υ υ
a (3) (4)
r 2m rm

18
Physics-XI Circular Motion
79. Radius of the curved road on national highway is 85. A car is moving along a straight horizontal road
R. Width of the road is b. The outer edge of the with a speed𝑣𝑣0 . If the coefficient of friction
road is raised by h with respect to inner edge so between tyres and the road is 𝜇𝜇, the shortest
that a car with velocity υ can pass safe over it. distance in which the car can be stopped is
The value of h is- 𝑣𝑣02 𝑣𝑣
(1)
2𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇
(2) 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇0
υb
2
υ υR2
υ 2b 𝑣𝑣 2 𝑣𝑣0
(1) (2) (3) (4) (3) � 0 � (4)
Rg Rgb g R 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 𝜇𝜇

86. A road of 10 m width has radius of curvature 50 m.

80. If a particle of mass m is moving in a horizontal
Its outer edge is raised above the inner edge by a
 1
circle of radius r with a centripetal force  − 2 ,
distance of 1.
 r  5 m. The road is most suited for vehicles moving
the total energy is- with velocity of
1 1 2 4 (1) 8.5 ms−1 (2) 6.5 ms −1
(1) − (2) − (3) − (4) −
2r r r r (3) 5.5 ms −1 (4) None of these

81. The coefficient of friction between the tyres and 87. A particle rests on the top of a hemisphere of
the road is 0.25. The maximum speed with which radius 𝑅𝑅. Find the smallest horizontal velocity
a car can be driven round a curve a radius 40 𝑚𝑚 that must be imparted to the particle if it is to
without skidding is (assume 𝑔𝑔 = 10 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −2 ) leave the hemisphere without sliding down it
(1) 40 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −1 (2) 20 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −1 (1) �g 𝑅𝑅 (2) �2g 𝑅𝑅
(3) 15 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −1 (4) 10 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −1 (3) �3g 𝑅𝑅 (4) �5g 𝑅𝑅

82. A body moves along a circular path of radius 10 88. What happens to the centripetal acceleration of a
m and the coefficient of friction is 0.5. What particle, when its speed is doubled and angular
should be its angular speed in rad s −1 , if it is not velocity is halved?
to slip from the surface? (𝑔𝑔 = 9.8 ms −2 ) (1) Doubled (2) Halved
(1)5 (2) 10 (3) 0.1 (4) 0.7 (3) Remains unchanged (4) Becomes 4 times

89. A body is acted upon by a constant force directed

83. A car sometimes overturns while taking a turn. towards a fixed point. The magnitude of the force
varies inversely as the square of the distance from
When it overturns, it is the fixed point. What is the nature of the path?
(1) The inner wheel which leaves the ground first (1) Straight line (2) Parabola
(3) Circle (4) Hyperbola
(2) The outer wheel which leaves the ground first
(3) Both the wheels leave the ground 90. A car is moving with high velocity when it has a
turn. A force acts on it outwardly because of
simultaneously (1) Centripetal force (2) Centrifugal force
(4) Either wheel leaves the ground first (3) Gravitational force (4) All the above

84. A car of mass 1000 kg negotiates a banked curve

of radius 90 𝑚𝑚 on a frictionless road. If the
banking angle is 45°, the speed of the car is
(1) 20𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −1 (2) 30𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −1
−1
(3) 5𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 (4) 10𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −1

19
Circular Motion Physics-XI
EXERCISE # 2
Questions MISCELLANEOUS 8. A car runs at a constant speed on a circular track
of radius 100 m, taking 62.8 s for every circular
 20  lap. The average velocity and average speed for
1. A particle moves along a circle of radius   m each circular lap respectively is
π 
(1) 0,0 (2) 0, 10 ms−1
with constant tangential acceleration. If the speed −1 −1
(3) 10 ms , 10 ms (4) 10 ms−1 , 0
of the particle is 80 m/s at the end of the second
revolution after motion has begun, the tangential 9. The wheel of toy car rotates about axis. It slows
acceleration is: down from 400 rps to 200 rps in 2s. Then its
(1) 160 π m/s2 (2) 40 π m/s2 angular retardation in rads −2 is
(3) 40 m/s 2
(4) 640 π m/s2 (1) 200 𝜋𝜋 (2) 100
(3) 400 𝜋𝜋 (4) None of these
2. The second’s hand of a watch has length 6 cm.
Speed of end point and magnitude of difference of 10. A particle is going in a uniform helical and spiral
velocities at two perpendicular positions will be : path separately as shown in figure with constant
speed.
(1) 2π & 0 mm/s (2) 2 2π & 4.44 mm/s
(3) 2 2 π & 2π mm/s (4) 2π & 2 2 π mm/s
3. An aeroplane revolves in a circle above the
surface of the earth at a fixed height with speed
100 km/hr. The change in velocity after (b)

completing 1/2 revolution will be. (1) The velocity of the particle is constant in
(1) 200 km/hr (2) 150 km/hr both cases
(3) 300 km/hr (4) 400 km/hr (2) The acceleration of the particle is constant in
both cases
4. A particle moving on a circular path travels first (3) The magnitude of acceleration is constant in
one third part of circumference in 2 sec & next (1) and decreasing in (2)
one third part in 1 sec. Average angular velocity (4) The magnitude of acceleration is decreasing
of the particle is (in rad/se(3) - continuously in both the cases
2π π 4π 5π
(1) (2) (3) (4) 11. A particle moves in a circle of radius 30 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐. Its
3 3 9 3
linear speed is given by 𝑣𝑣 = 2𝑡𝑡 where 𝑡𝑡 in second
5. A grind-stone starts revolving from rest, if its
and 𝑣𝑣in 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠. Find out its radial and tangential
angular acceleration is 4.0 rad/sec2 (uniform) then
acceleration at 𝑡𝑡 = 3 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 respectively
after 4 sec.What is its angular displacement &
angular velocity respectively - (1) 220 𝑚𝑚/ sec 2 , 50 𝑚𝑚/sec2
(1) 32 rad, 16 rad/sec (2) 16 rad, 32 rad/sec (2) 100 𝑚𝑚/ sec 2 , 5 𝑚𝑚/sec 2
(3) 64 rad, 32 rad/sec (4) 32 rad, 64 rad/sec (3) 120 𝑚𝑚/ sec 2 , 2 𝑚𝑚/sec 2
6. Angular displacement of any particle is (4) 110 𝑚𝑚/ sec 2 , 10 𝑚𝑚/sec2
1
given θ = ω 0 t + αt 2 where ω 0 & α are 12. A wheel making 20 revolution per second is in a
2 horizontal circle with a uniform angular velocity.
constant if ω 0 = 1 rad/sec, α = 1.5 rad/sec 2 Let 𝑇𝑇 be the tension in the string. If the length of
then in t = 2 sec. angular velocity will be the string is halved and its angular velocity is
(in rad/se(3) doubled, tension in the string will be
(1) 1 (2) 5 (3) 3 (4) 4 (1) π rad s −2 (2) 2 π rad s −2
−2
7. A point 𝑃𝑃 moves in counter-clockwise direction (3) 4 π rad s (4) 8 π rad s −2
on a circular path as shown in the figure. The
movement of ′′𝑃𝑃′′ is such that it sweeps out a 13. A long horizontal rod has a bead which can slide
length 𝑠𝑠 = 𝑡𝑡 3 + 5, where 𝑠𝑠 is in metres and 𝑡𝑡 is in along its length, and initially placed at a distance
seconds. The radius of the path is 20 𝑚𝑚. The 𝐿𝐿 from one end 𝐴𝐴 of the rod. The rod is set in
acceleration of ′′𝑃𝑃′′ when 𝑡𝑡 = 2𝑠𝑠 is nearly angular motion about 𝐴𝐴 with constant angular
y acceleration 𝛼𝛼. If the coefficient of friction
B between the rod and the bead is 𝜇𝜇, and gravity is
P(x,y) neglected, then the time after which the bead
starts slipping is
20 m
𝜇𝜇 𝜇𝜇
x (1) � (2)
O A 𝛼𝛼 √𝛼𝛼
𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚 1
(1) 14 (2) 13 (3) 12 (4) 7.2 (3) (4) Infinitesimal
𝑠𝑠 2 𝑠𝑠 2 𝑠𝑠 2 𝑠𝑠 2 √𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇

20
Physics-XI Circular Motion
14. A cyclist is travelling on a circular section of 19. A mass of 100 gm is tied to one end of a string 2 m
highway of radius 2500 ft at the speed of 60 mile long. The body is revolving in a horizontal circle
h−1 . The cyclist suddenly applies the brakes making a maximum of 200 revolutions per min.
causing the bicycle to slown sown at constant The other end of the string is fixed at the centre of
rate. Knowing that after 8 s the speed has been the circle of revolution. The maximum tension in
reduced to 45 mileh−1 . The acceleration of the the string is- [approximately]
bicycle immediately after the brakes have been (1) 8.76 N (2) 8.94 N
applied is (3) 89.42 N (4) 87.64 N
(1) 2 ft/s2 (2) 4.14 ft/s 2 20. The kinetic energy k of a particle moving along a
2
(3) 3.10 ft/s (4) 2.75 ft/s 2 circle of radius R depends on the distance covered
s as k = as2 where a is a constant. The force acting
15. A rod of length L is pivoted at one end and is rotated
on the particle is
with a uniform angular velocity in a horizontal plane . 1/ 2
Let T1 and T2 be the tensions at the points L/4 and s2  s2 
3L/4 away from the pivoted ends. (1) 2a (2) 2as 1 + 2 
R  R 
(1) T1 > T2 (2) T2 > T1
(3) T1 = T2 R2
(3) 2as (4) 2a
(4) The relation between T1 and T2 depends on s
whether the rod rotates clockwise or 21. A particle of mass m is moving in a circular path
anticlockwise of constant radius r such that its centripetal
acceleration ac is varying with time t as ac = k2 rt2
16. A particle P will be equilibrium inside a where k is a constant. The power delivered to the
hemispherical bowl of radius 0.5 m at a height 0.2 particle by the force acting on it is-
m from the bottom when the bowl is rotated at an (1) 2 π mk2 r2 (2) mk2 r2 t
angular speed (g = 10 m/sec2)- (mk 4 r 2 t 5 )
ω (3) (4) Zero
3
22. A gramophone recorder rotates at angular
0.5m velocity of ω a coin is kept at a distance r from its
centre. If µ is static friction constant then coil will
0.3m rotate with gramophone if -
(1) r > µ g > ω2 (2) r = µ g/ω2 only
P
0.4m
(3) r < µ g/ω2 (4) r ≤ µ g/ω2
0.2m
23. A bob of mass 10 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 is attached to wire 0.3 𝑚𝑚
long. Its breaking stress is 4.8 × 107 𝑁𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 . The
(1) 10 / 3rad / sec (2) 10 3rad / sec
area of cross section of the wire is 10−6 𝑚𝑚2 . The
(3) 10 rad/sec (4) 20 rad / sec maximum angular velocity with which it can be
rotated in a horizontal circle
17. Three identical particles are joined together by a (1) 8 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (2) 4 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
thread as shown in figure. All the three particles (3) 2 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (4) 1 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
are moving on a smooth horizontal plane about 24. A stone tied to the end of a string 1𝑚𝑚 long is
point O. If the speed of the outermost particle is whirled in a horizontal circle with a constant
v0, then the ratio of tensions in the three sections speed. If the stone makes 22 revolution in 44
of the string is : (Assume that the string remains seconds, what is the magnitude and direction of
straight) acceleration of the stone
(1) 𝜋𝜋 2 /4 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −2 and direction along the radius
towards the centre
(1) 3 : 5 : 7 (2) 3 : 4 : 5 (2) 𝜋𝜋 2 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −2 and direction along the radius away
(3) 7 : 11 : 6 (4) 3 : 5 : 6 from the centre
18. A heavy & big sphere is hang with a string of length (3) 𝜋𝜋 2 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −2 and direction along the radius
, this sphere moves in a horizontal circular path towards the centre
(4) 𝜋𝜋 2 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −2 and towards the centre
making an angle θ with vertical then its time
25. A stone is swinging in a horizontal circle 0.8 m in
period is -
diameter, at 30rev/min. A distant light causes a
 sinθ
(1) T = 2π (2) T = 2π shadow of the stone to be formed on a nearby
g g wall. What is the amplitude of the motion of the
shadow? What is the frequency?
cos θ 
(3) T = 2π (4) T = 2π (1) 0.4 m, 1.5 Hz (2) 0.4 m, 0.5 Hz
g g cos θ (3) 0.8 m, 0.5 Hz (4) 0.2 m, 0.5 Hz

21
Circular Motion Physics-XI
26. One end of a string of length 𝑙𝑙 is connected to a 32. A block of mass m slides down along the surface
particle of mass 𝑚𝑚 and the other to a small peg on of the bowl from the rim to the bottom as shown
a smooth horizontal table. If the particle moves in in fig. The velocity of the block at the bottom will
be -
a circle with speed 𝑣𝑣, the net force on the particle O
(directed towards the centre) is R
R
𝑚𝑚 𝑣𝑣 2
(1) 𝑇𝑇 (2) 𝑇𝑇 − 𝑙𝑙
v

𝑚𝑚 𝑣𝑣 2 (1) π Rg (2) 2 π Rg
(3) 𝑇𝑇 + (4) Zero
𝑙𝑙
(3) 2Rg (4) gR
27. A string of length 𝐿𝐿 is fixed at one end and the
2 33. A mass m is revolving in a vertical circle at the
string makes rev/s around the vertical axis end of a string of length 20 cm. By how much
𝜋𝜋
through, the fixed and as shown in the figure, times does the tension of the string at the lowest
then tension in the string is point exceed the tension at the topmost point -
s (1) 2 mg (2) 4 mg (3) 6 mg (4) 8 mg
L
34. A motor cyclist moving with a velocity of
72 km/hour on a flat road takes a turn on the
road at a point where the radius of curvature
of the road is 20 meters. The acceleration
due to gravity is 10 m/sec 2 . In order to avoid
R skidding, he must not bend with respect to
(1) 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 (2) 2 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 (3) 4 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 (4) 16 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 the vertical plane by an angle greater than-
[CPMT-1996]
28. A stone is projected with speed u and angle of (1) θ = tan–1 6 (2) θ = tan–1 2
projection is θ. Find radius of curvature at t = 0. (3) θ = tan–1 25.92 (4) θ = tan–1 4
(1) u cos θ
2 2
(2) u2 35. A block follows the path as shown in the figure
g g sin θ from height h. If radius of circular path is r, then
u2 relation holds good to complete full circle is.
(4) u sin θ ]
2 2
(3)
g cos θ g h
2r

29. The velocity and acceleration vectors of a particle (1) h < 5r/2 (2) h > 5r/2
 (4) h ≥ 5r/2
undergoing circular motion are v = 2iˆ m/s and (3) h = 5r/2
 36. A particle is kept at rest at the top of a sphere of
a = 2iˆ + 4 ˆj m/s2 respectively at an instant of diameter 42 m. When disturbed slightly, it slides
time. The radius of the circle is down. At what height ‘h’ from the bottom, the
(1) 1m (2) 2m (3) 3m (4) 4m particle will leave the sphere.
(1) 14 m (2) 28 m (3) 35 m (4) 7 m
30. A particle is projected horizontally from the top of a
37. A small block slides with velocity 0.5 gr on the
tower with a velocity v0. If v be its velocity at any
instant, then the radius of curvature of the path of horizontal frictionless surface as shown in the
Figure. The block leaves the surface at point C.
the particle at that instant is directly proportional to:
The angle θ in the Figure is :
(1) v3 (2) v2 (3) v (4) 1/v
31. Water in a bucket is whirled in a vertical circle
with a string attached to it. The water does not
fall down even when the bucket is inverted at the
top of its path. We conclude that in this position.
(1) cos−1 (4/9) (2) cos−1(3/4)
mv 2
(1) mg =
r
(3) cos−1(1/2) (4) none of the above
mv 2 38. A stone of 1 kg tied up with 10/3 metre long
(2) mg is greater than string rotated in a vertical circle. If the ratio of
r
maximum & minimum tension in string is 4 then
mv 2 speed of stone at highest point of circular path
(3) mg is not greater than
r will be - (g = 10 m/s)
mv 2 (1) 20 m/s (2) 10 3 m/s
(4) mg is not less than
r (3) 5 2 m/s (4) 10 m/s

22
Physics-XI Circular Motion
39. If mass, speed & radius of rotation of a body 47. A train A runs from east to west and another train
moving on a circular path are increased by 50% B of the same mass runs from west to east at the
then to keep the body moving in circular path same speed along the equator. A presses the track
increase in force required will be - with a force F1 and B presses the track with a force
(1) 225% (2) 125% (3) 150% (4) 100% F2.
(1) F1 > F2
40. A small body of mass m moves downwards from (2) F1 < F2
the semisphere of radius r it if leaves the (3) F1= F2
semisphere at a point that is at a distance h below (4) the information is insufficient to find the
the vertex then - relation between F1 and F2.
h Q
48. A cyclist is moving on a circular track of radius
r 80 m with a velocity of 72 km/hr. He has to lean
r r 2r from the vertical approximately through an angle-
(1) h = r (2) h = (3) h = (4) h =
3 2 3 (1) tan–1(1/4) (2) tan–1(1)
41. The minimum speed for a particle at the lowest (3) tan–1(1/2) (4) tan–1(2)
point of a vertical circle of radius 𝑟𝑟, to describe
the circle is 𝑣𝑣. If the radius of the circle is reduced 49. A car of mass m is taking a circular turn of radius
to one-fourth its value, the corresponding ‘r’ on a fictional level road with a speed v. In
minimum speed will be order that the car does not skid -
(1) 𝑣𝑣/4 (2) 𝑣𝑣/2 (3) 2𝑣𝑣 (4) 4𝑣𝑣 mv 2 mv 2
(1) ≥ µ mg (2) ≤ µ mg
r r
42. The maximum and minimum tension in the string
mv 2 v
whirling in a circle of radius 2.5 𝑚𝑚 with constant (3) = µ mg (4) = µ mg
r r
velocity are in the ratio 5: 3 the the velocity is
(1) √98 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 (2) 7 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
50. A car travels with constant speed on a circular
(3) √490 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 (4) √4.9 road on level ground. In the figure shown, Fair is
43. A weightless thread can bear tension upto 37 N. the force of air resistance on the car. Which of the
A. stone of mass 500 g is tied to it and revolved other forces best represents the horizontal force of
in a circular path of radius 4 m in a vertical plane. the road on the car's tires?
If g = 10 ms −2 , then the maximum angular
velocity of the stone will be
(1) 2 rad s −1 (2) 4 rad s −1
−1
(3) 8 rad s (4) 16 rad s −1 (1) FA (2) FB (3) FC (4) FD
44. A1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 stone at the end of 1 𝑚𝑚 long string is
whirled in a vertical circle at constant speed of 51. The driver of a car travelling at full speed
4 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠. The tension in the string is 6 𝑁𝑁, when suddenly sees a wall at a distance r directly in
the stone is at (𝑔𝑔 = 10 𝑚𝑚/ sec 2 ) front of him. To avoid collision,
(1) Top of the circle (2) Bottom of the circle (1) he should apply brakes sharply
(3) Half way down (4) None of the above (2) he should turn the car sharply
(3) he should apply brakes and then sharply turn
45. In a circus stuntman rides a motorbike in a circular (4) None of these
track of radius 𝑅𝑅 in the vertical plane. The minimum
speed at highest point of track will be
52. Centrifugal force is an inertial force when
(1) �2𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 (2) 2𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 (3) �3𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 (4) �𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 considered by -
(1) An observer at the centre of circular motion
46. A can filled with water is revolved in a vertical of
(2) An outside observer
radius 4 m and the water does not fall down. The
(3) An observer who is moving with the particle
time period for a revaluation is about
which is experiencing the force
(1) 2 s (2) 4 s (3) 8 s (4) 10 s
(4) none of the above

23
Circular Motion Physics-XI
53. A mass is supported on a frictionless horizontal 61. A car is moving rectilinearly on a horizontal path
surface. It is attached to a string and rotates about with acceleration 𝑎𝑎0 . A person sitting inside the
a fixed centre at an angular velocity ω0. If the car observes that an insect 𝑆𝑆 is crawling up the
length of the string and angular velocity are screen with an acceleration 𝑎𝑎. If θ is the
doubled, the tension in the string which was inclination of the screen with the horizontal the
initially T0 is now - acceleration of the insect
(1) T0 (2) T0/2 (3) 4T0 (4) 8T0 (1) Parallel to screen is 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑎𝑎0 cos θ
(2) Along the horizontal is 𝑎𝑎0 − 𝑎𝑎 cos θ
54. Two masses M and m are attached to a vertical axis (3) Perpendicular to screen is 𝑎𝑎0 sin θ
by weightless threads of combined length . They (4) Perpendicular to screen is 𝑎𝑎0 tan θ
are set in rotational motion in a horizontal plane
about this axis with constant angular velocity ω. If 62. An object of mass 5 kg is whirled round in a
the tensions in the threads are the same during vertical circle of radius 2 m with a constant
motion, the distance of M from the axis is. speed of 6 ms −1 . The maximum tension in the
M m string is
(1) (2) (1) 152 N (2) 139 N (3) 121 N (4) 103 N
M+m M+m
M+m M+m 63. A body just being revolved in a vertical circle of
(3)  (4)  radius 𝑅𝑅 with a uniform speed. The string breaks
M m
when the body is at the highest point. The
55. A particle of mass M is revolving along a circle horizontal distance covered by the body after the
of radius R and another particle of mass m is string breaks is
revolving in a circle of radius r. If time periods of (1) 2 𝑅𝑅 (2) 𝑅𝑅 (3) 𝑅𝑅√2 (4) 4 𝑅𝑅
both particles are same, then the ratio of their
angular velocities is : 64. A car wheel is rotated to uniform angular
R r R acceleration about its axis. Initially its angular
(1) 1 (2) (3) (4)
r R r velocity is zero. It rotates through an angle θ1 in
the first 2 s , in the next 2 s, it rotates through an
56. A child is swinging a swing, Minimum and θ
additional angle θ2 , the ratio of θ2 is
maximum heights of swing from earth's surface 1

are 0.75 m and 2 m respectively. The maximum (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 5
velocity of this swing is :
(1) 5 m/s (2) 10 m/s 65. If a particle covers half the circle of radius 𝑅𝑅 with
(3) 15 m/s (4) 20 m/s constant speed then
(1) Change in momentum is 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
57. Two cars of masses 𝑚𝑚1 and 𝑚𝑚2 are moving in (2) Change in 𝐾𝐾. 𝐸𝐸. is 1/2 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
circles of radii 𝑟𝑟1 and 𝑟𝑟2 respectively. Their (3) Change in 𝐾𝐾. 𝐸𝐸. is 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
speeds are such that they make complete circles (4) Change in 𝐾𝐾. 𝐸𝐸. is zero
in the same time 𝑡𝑡. The ratio of their centripetal
acceleration is 66. A car of mass 1000 kg negotiates a banked curve
(1) 𝑚𝑚1 𝑟𝑟1 ∶ 𝑚𝑚2 𝑟𝑟2 (2) 𝑚𝑚1 ∶ 𝑚𝑚2 of radius 90 𝑚𝑚 on a frictionless road. If the
(3) 𝑟𝑟1 : 𝑟𝑟2 (4) 1 ∶ 1 banking angle is 45°, the speed of the car is
(1) 20𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −1 (2) 30𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −1
58. The magnitude of the centripetal force acting on a (3) 5𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −1
(4) 10𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −1
body of mass m executing uniform motion in a
circle of radius r with speed v is.
67. A particle moves in a circle of radius 5 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 with
(1) mvr (2) mv2/r (3) v/r2m (4) v/rm
constant speed and time period 0.2 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋. The
59. A motor cycle driver doubles its velocity when he is acceleration of the particle is
having a turn. The force exerted outwardly will be. (1) 5 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2 (2) 15 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2
2
(1) Double (2) Half (3) 25 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 (4) 36 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2
(3) 4 times (4) 1/4 times
60. In a uniform circular motion 68. A 500 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 car takes a round turn of radius 50 𝑚𝑚
(1) Velocity and acceleration remain constant with a velocity of 36 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/ℎ𝑟𝑟. The centripetal
force is
(2) Kinetic energy remains constant
(1) 250 𝑁𝑁 (2) 750 𝑁𝑁
(3) Speed and acceleration changes (3) 1000 𝑁𝑁 (4) 1200 𝑁𝑁
(4) Only velocity changes, acceleration remain
constant

24
Physics-XI Circular Motion

EXERCISE # 3
Question Previous Year (JEE Main) X
1. The minimum velocity (in ms–1) with which a car 6. θ Y
driver must travels on a flat curve of radius 150 m φ
and coefficient of friction 0.6 to avoid skidding is – O
A particle is released on a vertical smooth
[AIEEE-2002]
semicircular track from point X so that OX makes
(1) 60 (2) 30 (3) 15 (4) 25 angle θ from the vertical (see figure). The normal
2 Which of the following statements is FALSE for reaction of the track on the particle vanishes at
a particle moving in a circle with a constant point Y where OY makes angle φ with the
horizontal. Then : [JEE Main - 2014]
angular speed? [AIEEE-2004]
1
(1) The velocity vector is tangent to the circle (1) sin φ = cos θ (2) sin ϕ = cos θ
2
(2) The acceleration vector is tangent to the 2 3
circle (3) sin ϕ = cos θ (4) sin ϕ = cos θ
3 4
(3) The acceleration vector points to the centre of
7. A particle is moving in a circle of radius r under
the circle
the action of a force F = αr2 which is directed
(4) The velocity and acceleration vectors and
towards centre of the circle. Total mechanical
perpendicular to each other
energy (kinetic energy + potential energy) of the
3 A particle is acted upon by a force of constant particle is (take potential energy = 0 for r = 0) -
magnitude which is always perpendicular to the [JEE Main - 2015]
velocity of the particle, the motion of the particle 4 5 1
(1) α r 3 (2) α r 3 (3) α r 3 (4) αr3
takes place in a plane. It follows that – 3 6 2
[AIEEE-2004] 8. If a body moving in a circular path maintains
constant speed of 10 ms–1, then which of the
(1) Its velocity is constant
following correctly describes relation between
(2) Its acceleration is constant acceleration and radius? [JEE Main - 2015]
(3) Its kinetic energy is constant
a a
(4) It moves in a straight line (1) (2)
4 Two cars of masses m1 and m2 are moving in
circles of radii r1 and r2, respectively. Their
r r
speeds are such that they make complete circles
in the same time t. The ratio of their centripetal a a
acceleration is - [AIEEE-2012] (3) (4)
(1) m1 : m2 (2) r1 : r2
(3) 1 : 1 (4) m1 r1 : m2 r2
r r
5 An insect crawls up a hemispherical surface very 9. A conical pendulum of length 1 m makes an angle
slowly, in figure. The coefficient of friction θ = 45º w.r.t. Z-axis and moves in a circle in the
between the insect and the surface is 1/3. If the XY plane. The radius of the circle is 0.4 m and its
centre is vertically below O. The speed of the
line joining the centre of the hemispherical
pendulum, in its circular path, will be –
surface to the insect makes an angle α with the (Take g = 10 ms–2) [JEE Main - 2017]
vertical, the maximum possible value of α so that
Z
the insect does not slip is given by :
O
[AIEEE - 2012]
θ

α
C

(1) cos α = 3 (2) cosec α = 3 (1) 0.2 m/s (2) 0.4 m/s
(3) sec α = 3 (4) cot α = 3 (3) 2 m/s (4) 4 m/s

25
Circular Motion Physics-XI
10. Two particles of the same mass are moving in 14. A ball is spun with angular acceleration α = 6t2 – 2t,
circular orbits because of force, given by f(r) = where t is in second and α is in rads–2. At t = 0, the
−16 3 ball has angular velocity of 10 rads–1 and angular
– r The first particle is at a distance r = 1,
r position of 4 rad. The most appropriate expression
and the second, at r = 4. The best estimate for the
for the angular position of the ball is :
ratio of kinetic energies of the first and the second
particle is closest to – [JEE Main - 2022]
[JEE-Main -2018] 3 4 2 t4 t3
(1) t − t + 10t (2) − + 10t + 4
(1) 10–1 (2) 6 × 10–2 4 2 3
(3) 6 × 102 (4) 3 × 10–3
2t 4 t 3 t3
(3) − + 10t + 12 (4) 2t 4 − + 5t + 4
11. A particle of mass m is suspended from a ceiling 3 6 2
through a string of length L. The particle moves
in a horizontal circle of radius r such that r = L 
2 15. The position vector of 1 kg object is r = (3 î – ĵ )
. The speed of particle will be: 
v = (3 ĵ + k̂ )ms . The
–1
[JEE Main - 2021] m and its velocity
(1) 2 rg (2) rg magnitude of its angular momentum is x NM
rg where x is [JEE Main - 2022]
(3) 2rg (4)
2
16. A body is moving with constant speed, in a circle
12. A huge circular arc of length 4.4 ly subtends an
of radius 10 m. The body completes one
angle ‘4s’ at the centre of the circle. How long it
would take for a body to complete 4 revolution if revolution in 4 s. At the end of 3rd second, the
its speed is 8 AU per second? displacement of body (in m) from its starting point
[JEE Main - 2021] is: [JEE Main - 2023]
Given: 1 ly = 9.46 × 1015 m
(1) 30 (2) 15 π (3) 5 π (4) 10 2
1 AU = 1.5 × 1011 m
(1) 3.5 × 106 s (2) 4.5 × 1010 s
(3) 4.1 × 108 s (4) 7.2 × 108 s 17. A particle is moving in a circle of radius 50 cm in
such a way that at any instant the normal and
13. Angular momentum of a single particle moving tangential components of it’s acceleration are
with constant speed along circular path : equal. If its speed at t = 0 is 4 m/s, the time taken
[JEE Main - 2021] to complete the first revolution will be
(1) Is zero 1
(2) Changes in magnitude but remains same in [1 – e–2π] s, where α = ________.
α
the direction
(3) Remains same in magnitude and direction. [JEE Main - 2024]
(4) Remains same in magnitude but changes in
the direction 18. A body of mass 5 kg moving with a uniform speed
3 2 ms–1 in X-Y plane along the line y = x + 4.
The angular momentum of the particle about the
origin will be ____________kg m2s–1.
[JEE Main - 2024]

26
Physics-XI Circular Motion

EXERCISE # 4
Question Previous Year (NEET) 8. A particle of mass 10 g moves along a circle of
1. A roller coaster is designed such that riders radius 6.4 cm with a constant tangential
experience "weightlessness" as they go round the acceleration. What is the magnitude of this
top of a hill whose radius of curvature is acceleration if the kinetic energy of the particle
20 m. The speed of the car at the top of the hill is becomes equal to 8 × 10–4 J by the end of the
between : [NEET - 2008] second revolution after the beginning of the
(1) 13 m/s and 14 m/s (2) 14 m/s and 15 m/s motion ? [NEET - 2016]
(3) 15 m/s and 16 m/s (4) 16 m/s and 17 m/s (1) 0.15 m/s2 (2) 0.18 m/s2
2. A particle moves in a circle of radius 5 cm with (3) 0.2 m/s2 (4) 0.1 m/s2
constant speed and time period 0.2 π s. The
acceleration of the particle is : [NEET - 2011] 9. In the given figure, a = 15 m/s2 represents the
(1) 5 m/s2 (2) 15 m/s2 total acceleration of a particle moving in the
(3) 25 m/s2 (4) 36 m/s2 clockwise direction in a circle of radius
R = 2.5 m at a given instant of time. The speed of
3. A car of mass 1000 kg negotiates a banked curve of
the particle is – [NEET - 2016]
radius 90m on a frictionless road. If the banking
angle is 45º, the speed of the car is
(1) 4.5 m/s (2) 5.0 m/s
[NEET - 2012]
(1) 5 ms–1 (2) 10 ms–1 (3) 20 ms–1 (4) 30 ms–1 (3) 5.7 m/s (4) 6.2 m/s
4. A car of mass m is moving on a level circular
10. One end of string of length l is connected to a
track of radius R. If µs represents the static
particle of mass 'm' and the other end is
friction between the road and tyres of the car, the
connected to a small peg on a smooth
maximum speed of the car in circular motion is
horizontal table. If the particle moves in circle
given by - [NEET - 2012]
with speed 'v' the net force on the particle
(1) Rg / µs (2) mRg / µs (directed towards center) will be (T represents
(3) µs Rg (4) µs mRg the tension in the string) [NEET - 2017]
(1) Zero (2) T
5. Two stones of masses m and 2 m are whirled in
mv 2 mv 2
horizontal circles, the heavier one in a radius
r
and (3) T + (4) T –
2 l l
lighter one in radius r. The tangential speed of 11. A body initially at rest and sliding along a
lighter stone is n times that of the value of heavier frictionless track from a height h (as shown in the
stone when they experience same centripetal forces. figure) just completes a vertical circle of diameter
The value of n is : [NEET - 2015] AB = D. height h is equal to [NEET - 2018]
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4
6. A car is negotiating a curved road of radius R.
h
B
The road is banked at an angle θ. The coefficient
of friction between the tyres of the car and the A
road is µs. The maximum safe velocity on this 3
(1) D (3) D
road is : [NEET - 2016] 2
(1)
µ s + tan θ
(2)
g µ s + tan θ 7 4
gR (2) D (4) D
1 − µ s tan θ R 1 − µ s tan θ 5 5
g µ s + tan θ µ s + tan θ 12. Two particles A and B are moving in uniform
(3) (4) gR 2
R 2
1 − µ s tan θ 1 − µ s tan θ circular motion in concentric circles of radii rA
and rB with speed vA and vB respectively. Their
7. What is the minimum velocity with which a body time period of rotation is the same. The ratio of
of mass m must enter a vertical loop of radius R angular speed of A to that of B will be :
so that it can complete the loop ? [NEET - 2019]
[NEET - 2016] (1) rB : rA (2) 1 : 1
(1) 2gR (2) 3gR (3) 5gR (4) gR (3) rA : rB (4) vA : vB

27
Circular Motion Physics-XI
13. The radius of circle, the period of revolution, 15. A particle moving in a circle of radius R with a
initial position and sense of revolution are uniform speed takes a time T to complete one
indicated in the fig. revolution. If this particle were projected with the
y same speed at an angle θ to the horizontal, the
P(t=0) maximum height attained by it equals 4R. The
angle of projection, θ, is then given by :
T=4s
[NEET - 2021]
x 2 1/2 1/2
  2 
3m (1) θ =cos −1  gT  (2) θ =cos −1  π R 
 2   2 
π R  gT 
1/2 2 1/2
y-projection of the radius vector of rotating  2  
(3) θ =sin −1  π R  (4) θ =sin −1  2gT 
particle P is : [NEET - 2019]  2   2 
 gT   π R 
 3πt  , where y in m
(1) y(t) = 3 cos  
 2  16. The angular speed of a fly wheel moving with
 πt 
(2) y(t) = 3 cos   , where y in m
uniform angular acceleration changes from 1200
rpm to 3120 rpm in 16 seconds. The angular
2 acceleration in rad/s2 is
(3) y(t) = –3 cos 2πt, where y in m [NEET - 2022]
 πt  , where y in m
(4) y(t) = 4 sin  (1) 4π (2) 12π (3) 104π (4) 2π

2
17. Two objects of mass 10 kg and 20 kg respectively
14. A mass m is attached to a thin wire and whirled are connected to the two ends of a rigid rod of
in a vertical circle. The wire is most likely to length 10 m with negligible mass. The distance
break when : [NEET - 2019] of the center of mass of the system from the 10
(1) the mass is at the lowest point kg mass is [NEET - 2022]
(2) inclined at an angle of 60° from vertical 20 10
(1) m (2) 10 m (3) 5 m (4) m
(3) the mass is at the highest point 3 3
(4) the wire is horizontal
18. A particle moving with uniform speed in a circular
path maintains : [NEET - 2024]
(1) constant velocity but varying acceleration
(2) varying velocity and varying acceleration
(3) constant velocity
(4) constant acceleration

28
Physics-XI Circular Motion

ANSWER KEY

EXERCISE-1

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 3 3 4 1 1 3 4 1 4 3 4 3 3 2 1 3 4 3 3 1
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Ans. 3 1 1 3 3 1 4 2 2 1 4 2 3 1 3 3 4 3 4 4
Que. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans. 4 1 1 3 3 4 4 2 3 1 4 3 1 2 2 1 2 4 1 2
Que. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
Ans. 3 4 1 1 4 3 2 1 4 2 1 4 3 4 3 4 2 2 1 1
Que. 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
Ans. 4 4 1 3 1 1 1 3 3 2

EXERCISE-2

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 3 4 1 3 1 4 1 2 1 3 3 2 1 2 1 1 4 3 4 2
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Ans. 2 4 2 3 2 1 4 3 1 1 3 3 3 2 4 3 2 4 2 2
Que. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans. 2 1 2 1 4 2 1 3 2 2 1 3 4 2 1 1 3 2 3 2
Que. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68
Ans. 3 2 1 3 4 2 1 3

EXERCISE-3

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ans. 2 2 3 2 4 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 91 4 8 60

EXERCISE-4

1. [2] 2. [1] 3. [4] 4. [3] 5. [2] 6. [1] 7. [4]

8. [4] 9. [3] 10. [4] 11. [4] 12. [2] 13. [2] 14. [1]
15. [4] 16. [1] 17. [1] 18. [2]

29
Physics-XI Circular motion
EXERCISE # 1
1. (3) 15 (1)
2π r1 In uniform circular motion the only force
Speed v1 = acting on the particle is centripetal (towards
t
2π r2 centre). Torque of this force about the centre is
v2 = zero. Hence angular momentum about centre
t remains conserved.
v 2π v2 2π
ω1 = 1 = ⇒ ω2 = = 16 (3)
r1 t r2 t Frequency of wheel, v=300/60=5 rps. Angle
ω1 1 described by wheel in one rotation =2π rad.
ω1 = ω2 ⇒ = Therefore, angle described by wheel in 1 s
ω2 1
=2π×5 rad =10π rad
2. (3) 17 (4)
ω = 80 rad/sec, t = 5 sec, ω0 = 0 In complete revolution total displacement is
θ=? zero so average velocity is zero
If α constant, then
 ω + ω0   80 + 0  18. (3)
θ=   t=   5 = 200 rad Angular velocity of every particle of disc is
 2   2 
same
3. (4)
Speed = constant aP = ω2rp , aQ = ω2rQ
In uniform circular motion, velocity and  rP > rQ ⇒ aP > aQ
acceleration are constant in magnitude but 19. (3)
direction is change. Therefore velocity and For circular motion of particle ar not equal to
acceleration both change. zero, at may or may not be zero.
4. (1) 20. (1)
2𝜋𝜋 2
𝑎𝑎 = 𝜔𝜔2 𝑅𝑅 = � � (5 × 10−2 ) = 5 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2
5. (1) 0.2𝜋𝜋
1 21. (3)
V = ω.r ⇒ V = 30 × 2π × = 30π 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑
2 𝑎𝑎 𝑇𝑇 = = (2𝑡𝑡) = 2𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2
6. (3) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑉𝑉 2 (2×3)2
7. (4) 𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐 = 𝑟𝑟 = 30×10−2 = 120 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2
120 rad 22. (1)
w = 2π × f = 2 p × = 4p rad/sec.
60 sec. Centripetal force
8. (1) 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 2
= 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
2π 𝑅𝑅
Use = w = 𝑣𝑣 2
T or 𝑎𝑎 =
9. (4) 𝑅𝑅
𝑎𝑎1 𝑣𝑣12
∴ =
10. (3) 𝑎𝑎2 𝑣𝑣22
Here, 𝑣𝑣1 = 𝑣𝑣, 𝑣𝑣2 = 2𝑣𝑣,
11. (4) 𝑎𝑎1 = 𝑎𝑎
In complete revolution total displacement is 𝑎𝑎 𝑣𝑣 2 1
∴ = =
zero so average velocity is zero 𝑎𝑎2 (2𝑣𝑣)2 4
or 𝑎𝑎2 = 4𝑎𝑎
12. (3) 23. (1)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 𝑣𝑣 2
𝜔𝜔 = = (2𝑡𝑡 3 + 0.5) = 6𝑡𝑡 2 Centripetal acceleration =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑟𝑟
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 (10)2
At 𝑡𝑡 = 2 𝑠𝑠, 𝜔𝜔 = 6 × (2)2 = 24 = = 5m/s 2
𝑠𝑠
20
13. (3) 24. (3)
When a force of constant magnitude acts on Given that, radius of circle, 𝑟𝑟 = 30cm = 0.3m
velocity of particle perpendicularly, then there linear speed 𝑣𝑣 = 2𝑡𝑡
is no change in the kinetic energy of particle. 𝑣𝑣 2 (2𝑡𝑡)2
Now, radial acceleration 𝑎𝑎R = =
Hence, kinetic energy remains constant. 𝑟𝑟 0.3
at 𝑡𝑡 = 3𝑠𝑠
14. (2) (2 × 3)2
𝑎𝑎R =
V = r ω = 0.5 × 70 = 35m/s 0.3

1
Circular motion Physics-XI
36 37. (4)
= 120ms −2
0.3 In the given condition friction provides the
or 𝑎𝑎R = 120ms−2 required centripetal force and that is constant.
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑖𝑖. 𝑒𝑒. 𝑚𝑚𝜔𝜔2 𝑟𝑟 = constant
and tangential acceleration 𝑎𝑎 𝑇𝑇 = 1 𝜔𝜔1 2 1 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑 ⇒ 𝑟𝑟 ∝ 2 ∴ 𝑟𝑟2 = 𝑟𝑟1 � � = 9 � � = 1 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
= (2𝑡𝑡) = 2ms−2 𝜔𝜔 𝜔𝜔2 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 38. (3)
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
25. (3) From = 𝐹𝐹 = 𝜇𝜇 𝑚𝑚g
𝑟𝑟
In uniform circular motion only centripetal ∴ 𝑣𝑣 = �𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇g = √0.75 × 60 × 10 = √450
acceleration works = 21ms−1
26. (1) 39. (4)
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 1 𝑟𝑟
27. (4) = 10 ⇒ 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 = 10 × = 1 𝐽𝐽
Centripetal force is constant in magnitude that 𝑟𝑟 2 2
means speed is constant and due to change in 40. (4)
direction velocity is variable. 𝑣𝑣 = �𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 = √0.25 × 40 × 10 = 10 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
28. (2) 41. (4)
mv 2
0.5 × (4)2 For body to move on circular path. Frictional
T= = = 8N force provides the necessary centripetal force,
r 1
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖, frictional force = centripetal force
29. (2) 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚02
or 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 = = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
30. (1) 𝑟𝑟
ω2.r = ar ⇒ ω2 = 9.8/20 × 10–2 , ω = 7 rad/s or μ𝑔𝑔 = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟2
∴ 0.5 × 9.8 = 10 𝜔𝜔2
31. (4) or ω = 0.7 rad s −1
2
 p 42. (1)
p = mv, & F = mv2/r ⇒ F = m /r   Because the reaction on inner wheel decreases
m and becomes zero. So it leaves the ground first
⇒ F = p /mr
2
43. (1)
32. (2) 
Force is perpendicular to v
1 v2
F=K mv 2
r R= ⇒R=
a⊥ F
k mv 2 mv 2
= 44. (3)
r rr rr
mv12 mv22
so independent to r FC1 = FC2 ⇒ =
r1 r2
33. (3) v1 r 1
= 1 =
34. (1) v2 r2 2
To avoid slipping friction force 45. (3)
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 46. (4)
𝐹𝐹 = 𝑣𝑣 2
𝑟𝑟 𝜃𝜃 = tan−1 � �
2000×10×10
𝐹𝐹 = = 104 N 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
20 2
�14√3�
35. (3) = tan−1 � �
Here, 𝑟𝑟 = 300 m, 𝜇𝜇 = 0.3, g = 10 ms −2 20√3 × 9.8
𝑣𝑣max = �𝜇𝜇 𝑟𝑟g = √0.3 × 300 × 10 = tan−1 [√3] = 60o
= 30 ms−1 47. (4)
18 Angle made by the cyclist with vertical is
= 30 × km h−1 = 108 km h−1 given by
5
𝑣𝑣 2
36. (3) tan θ =
When a stone tied at the end of string is rg
10 × 10
rotated in a circle, the velocity of the stone at ∴ θ = tan−1 � �
an instant acts tangentially outwards the circle. 80 × 10
5
When the string is released, the stone files off �∴ 𝑣𝑣 = 36 × 18 = 10 ms −1 �
tangentially outwards 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖, in the direction of 1
= tan−1 � �
velocity 8

2
Physics-XI Circular motion
48. (2) 54. (2)
𝑣𝑣 2 Normal reaction at highest point.
From, tan θ =
𝑟𝑟g
mv 2
𝑣𝑣 2 10 × 10 mg – N =
𝑟𝑟 = = = 10 m r
g tan θ 10 × tan 45° mv 2
49. (3) N = mg –
at lowest point r
mv 2
RA > RB ⇒ N A > N B
T – mg =
r 55. (2)
56. (1)
57. (2)
V = 5kg = 5 × 6.4 × 10 = 4 5
= 4 × 2.4
mv 2 = 9.6 m/s = 10.2 m/s
T = mg +
r 58. (4)
50. (1) 59. (1)
Let the car looses the contact at angle θ with T – mg = mrw2
vertical 3.7 xg – 5g = mrw2
N
A 3.7 − g − 0.5 g g (3.2)
>
B =w= = 4 rad/sec
0.5 × 4 2
R θ h 60. (2)
mg vB
O 61. (3)
2
mv 62. (4)
mg cos θ – N =
R T – mg = mrw2
mv 2 mv 2
⇒ N = mg cos θ – 3 mg –mg =
R R
During ascending on overbridge θ is decrease.
2
mv
2mg =
So cosθ is increase therefore normal reaction R
is increase. v2 = 2kg
1 2
51. (4) = mv mg R (1 − cos θ )
For circular motion in vertical plane normal 2
reaction is minimum at highest point and it is cos θ = 0 = ∆ θ = 90°
zero, minimum speed of motorbike is - 63. (1)
mv 2 For just slip ⇒ µmg = mω2r
mg = ⇒ v = gR
R here ω is double then radius is 1/4th
52. (3) r´ = 1 cm Ans.
mv 2 64. (1)
T – mg cos θ = ....(1) 65. (4)
r
(from centripetal force ) mrw2 = /mg
from energy conservation. g r
w= T = 2π
1 1 r g
mu2 = mv2 + mgr (1 – cos θ)
2 2
4 π2
(here u is speed at lowest point) = 2π =2×2
from (1) and (2) 10 10
mu 2 4 Sec
T= + 3mg cos θ – 2mg
r 66. (3)
for θ = 30º & 60º ⇒ T1 > T2 Let v be the speed of B at lowermost position,
the speed of A at lowermost position is 2v.
53. (1)
From conservation of energy
mv 2
T – mg= (centripetal force at lowest 1 1
r m (2v)2 + mv2 = mg (2λ) + mgλ.
2 2
point)
mv 2 6
T= + mg Solving we get v = gλ.
r 5

3
Circular motion Physics-XI
2
67. (2) 𝑢𝑢 sin2θ
Here, 𝑚𝑚 = 5 kg, 𝑟𝑟 = 2m, 𝑣𝑣 = 6 ms −1 Now, as range =
g
The tension is maximum at the lowest point 𝑅𝑅 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅sin2θ
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 then =
𝑇𝑇max = 𝑚𝑚g + 2 g
𝑟𝑟 1
5×6×6 ⟹ sin2θ = = sin30° ⟹ θ = 15°
= 5 × 9.8 + 2
2
= 139N 72. (4)
68. (1) 𝑔𝑔 9.8
𝜔𝜔 = � = � = 7𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟/𝑠𝑠
As the body just completes the circular path, 𝑟𝑟 0.2
hence critical speed at the highest point.
𝑣𝑣𝐻𝐻 = �𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 73. (3)
In a vertical circular motion, centripetal force
which is totally horizontal.
remains same at all points on circular path and
As the string breaks at the highest point, hence
always directed towards the centre of circular
form here onwards the body will follow
path
parabolic path. Time taken by the body to
reach the ground 74. (4)
For looping the loop minimum velocity at the
2ℎ 2 × 2𝑅𝑅
𝑡𝑡 = � = � lowest point should be �5𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔
𝑔𝑔 𝑔𝑔
75. (3)
Hence, horizontal distance covered by the
Here, 𝑚𝑚 = 2 kg, 𝑟𝑟 = 1 m, 𝑣𝑣 = 4 ms −1
body Tension at the bottom of the circle,
4𝑅𝑅 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
= 𝑣𝑣𝐻𝐻 × 𝑡𝑡 = �𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 × � = 2𝑅𝑅 𝑇𝑇𝐿𝐿 = 𝑚𝑚g +
𝑔𝑔 𝑟𝑟
2 × 42
69. (4) = 2 × 10 + = 52N
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 1
In figure, sin30° = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 76. (4)
Momentum, speed and kinetic energy change
continuously in a vertical circular motion. The
physical quantity which remains constant is
the total energy.
77. (2)
Here required centripetal force provide by
friction force. Due to lack of sufficient
centripetal force car thrown out of the road in
taking a turn.
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 4
or 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = = = 8m 78. (2)
sin 30° 1/2
𝑇𝑇 𝐹𝐹 𝑚𝑚g 79. (1)
= =
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 v2 h bv 2
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 8 52 tan θ = = ⇒h=
𝐹𝐹 = × 𝐹𝐹 = = × 10 × g b Rg
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑟𝑟 4 4
≈ 125 N 80. (1)
70. (2) 1 mv 2
𝑚𝑚 𝑣𝑣 2 KE = mv2 F =
𝑇𝑇top = − 𝑚𝑚g …(i) 2 R
𝑟𝑟
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 K mv 2 1 k
𝑇𝑇bottom = + 𝑚𝑚g …(ii)
𝑟𝑟
 F= 2 = 2 mv2 =
2 r r 2 2r
𝑣𝑣 40 × 40
𝑇𝑇top 𝑟𝑟 −g − 10 Potential energy U = ∫ Fdr
= 2 = 4
𝑇𝑇bottom 𝑣𝑣 40 × 40
+g + 10  k  k
𝑟𝑟 4 = ∫  − 2  dr =
400 − 10 390 39  r  r
= = =
400 + 10 410 41 Total energy = U +K
71. (1) K K K
= − + = −
𝑢𝑢2 r 2r 2r
𝑅𝑅max = 𝑅𝑅 =
𝑔𝑔 1
Eα
⟹ 𝑢𝑢2 = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 −2r

4
Physics-XI Circular motion
81. (4) 86. (1)
𝑣𝑣 = �𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 = √0.25 × 40 × 10 = 10 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 ℎ 𝑣𝑣 2
tan θ = = ,
82. (4) 𝑏𝑏 𝑟𝑟g
For body to move on circular path. Frictional ℎ𝑟𝑟ℎ 1.5 × 50 × 10
force provides the necessary centripetal force, 𝑣𝑣 = � =� = 8.5 ms−1
𝑏𝑏 10
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖, frictional force = centripetal force
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚02 87. (1)
or 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 = = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 The velocity should be such that the centripetal
𝑟𝑟 acceleration is equal to the acceleration due to
or μ𝑔𝑔 = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟2
∴ 0.5 × 9.8 = 10 𝜔𝜔2 gravity 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖, 𝑣𝑣 2 /𝑅𝑅 = g or 𝑣𝑣 = �g𝑅𝑅
or ω = 0.7 rad s −1 88. (3)
83. (1) From
Because the reaction on inner wheel decreases 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟, when 𝑣𝑣 is doubled and 𝜔𝜔 halved, 𝑟𝑟
and becomes zero. So it leaves the ground first must be 4 times. Therefore, centripetal
84. (3) acceleration
𝑣𝑣 2
When the force acting on a body is directed = 𝑟𝑟
= 𝑟𝑟𝜔𝜔2 will remain unchanged
towards a fixed point, then it changes only the
direction of motion of the body without 89. (3)
changing its speed. So, the particle will When the force acting on a body is directed
describe a circular motion towards a fixed point, then it changes only the
85. (1) direction of motion of the body without
Retarding force 𝐹𝐹 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 = 𝜇𝜇 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 changing its speed. So, the particle will
𝑎𝑎 = 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 describe a circular motion
Now, from equation of motion, 90. (2)
𝑣𝑣 2 = 𝑢𝑢2 − 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
∴ 0 = 𝑢𝑢2 − 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
𝑢𝑢2 𝑢𝑢2 𝑣𝑣02
∴ 𝑠𝑠 = = =
2𝑎𝑎 2𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 2𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇

EXERCISE # 2
1. (3) 3. (1)
  
r=
20
m, at = constant ∆V =V1 – V2
π
n = 2nd revolution
v = 80 m/s
v 80
ω0 = 0, ωf = = = 4π rad/sec
r 20 / π   
= V – (–V ) = 2V = 2V
θ = 2π × 2 = 4π
from 3rd equation = 2 × 100 km/hr = 200 km/hr. Ans
ω2 = ω02 + 2αθ 4. (3)
⇒ (4π)2 = 02 + 2 × α × (4π) total θ
ωarg = <ω> =
α = 2π rad/s2 total time
20
at = αr = 2π × = 40 m/s2
π
2. (4)
2π 2π
ωsecond = = rad/sec. 2π / 3 + 2π / 3 4π
T 60 = = rad/sec.
2 +1 9
2π
v = ω.r = × 0.06 m/s = 2π mm/s 5. (1)
60 1 1
Ans. θ= α t2 as ω0 = 0 = × 4 × 42 = 32 rad
   2 2
∆v = v f − vi = 2 v = 2 2 π mm/s Ans. ω = α.t = 4 × 4 = 16 rad/sec.

5
Circular motion Physics-XI
6. (4) 12. (2)
1 2 𝜔𝜔1 = 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 = 2𝜋𝜋 × 20, 𝜔𝜔2 = 0, 𝑡𝑡 = 20𝑎𝑎, 𝛼𝛼 =?
θ = ω0t + αt
2 As 𝜔𝜔2 = 𝜔𝜔1 + 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼
𝜔𝜔 2 −𝜔𝜔 1 40𝜋𝜋−0
ω = ω0 + αt = 1 + 1.5 × 2 = 4 rad/sec. ∴ 𝛼𝛼 = = = 2𝜋𝜋 rad s −2
𝑡𝑡 20

13. (1)
7. (1) Let the bead starts slipping after time 𝑡𝑡
As 𝑆𝑆 = 𝑡𝑡 3 + 5
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 3𝑡𝑡 2 = 𝑣𝑣
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
∴ 𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡 = = 6𝑡𝑡 L
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
at 𝑡𝑡 = 2 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 For critical condition Frictional force provides
the centripetal force
|𝑎𝑎⃗| = �𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐2 + 𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡2 𝑚𝑚𝜔𝜔2 𝐿𝐿 = 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 = 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 × 𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡 = 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇
⇒ 𝑚𝑚(𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼)2 𝐿𝐿 = 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇
2 2
𝑣𝑣 2 4𝑡𝑡 4 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 𝜇𝜇
= �� � + 𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡2 = �� � + � � ⇒ 𝑡𝑡 = � [As 𝜔𝜔 = 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼]
𝑅𝑅 𝑅𝑅 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝛼𝛼

= �(7.2)2 + 144 14. (2)

2 𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 − 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖
|𝑎𝑎⃗| = 14𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 Tangential acceleration, 𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡 =
𝑡𝑡
45 − 60 22 −1
8. (2) =� � fts
8 15
On a circular path in completing one turn, the 11 −2
= − fts
distance traveled is 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 while displacement is 4
22 2
zero. 𝑣𝑣 2 �60 × 15�
displacement Radial acceleration, 𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟 = =
Hence, average velocity = −2
𝑟𝑟 2500
time interval = 3.1 fts
0 Then, 𝑎𝑎 = �𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟2 + 𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡2 = 4.14 fts−2
= =0
𝑡𝑡
distance 15. (1)
Average speed =
time interval
2π𝑟𝑟 2 × 3.14 × 100
= = = 10 ms −1
𝑡𝑡 62.8
M L
9. (1) T1 – T2 = ω2
2 2
Given, 𝜔𝜔1 = 2𝜋𝜋 × 400 rad s −1 T1 > T2
−1
𝜔𝜔2 = 2𝜋𝜋 × 200 rad s
2𝜋𝜋(400−200) 16. (1)
∴ 𝛼𝛼 = = 200𝜋𝜋 rad s −2 Ncosθ = mω2.r ....(i)
2
Nsinθ = mg ....(ii)
10. (3)
v2
ac = , Radius is constant in case 1 and
r
increase in case 2. So that magnitude of
acceleration is constant in case 1 and decrease
in case 2.
0.3 3
11. (3) tanθ = =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 0.4 4
𝑎𝑎 𝑇𝑇 = = (2𝑡𝑡) = 2𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2 from (i) & (ii)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑉𝑉 2 (2 × 3)2 g 10 × 4 100
tanθ = ω2 = = =
𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐 = = = 120 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2 r.tan θ 0.4 × 3 3
𝑟𝑟 30 × 10−2

6
Physics-XI Circular motion
22. (4)
23. (2)
Centripetal force = breaking force
⇒ 𝑚𝑚𝜔𝜔2 𝑟𝑟 = breaking stress
× cross sectional area
𝑝𝑝 × 𝐴𝐴
⇒ 𝑚𝑚𝜔𝜔2 𝑟𝑟 = 𝑝𝑝 × 𝐴𝐴 ⇒ 𝜔𝜔 = �
10 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
ω= red/sec.
3 4.8 × 107 × 10−6
= �
17. (4) 10 × 0.3
ω = const., for all three particles ∴ 𝜔𝜔 = 4 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
v
ω= 24. (3)
3 𝑣𝑣 2 22 2
𝑎𝑎 = = 𝜔𝜔2 𝑟𝑟 = 4𝜋𝜋 2 𝑛𝑛2 𝑟𝑟 = 4𝜋𝜋 2 � � × 1
𝑟𝑟 44
TC = mω2 3λ = 𝜋𝜋 2 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2
TB – TC = mω22λ and its direction is always along the radius and
TB = 5 mω2λ towards the centre d) 𝜋𝜋 2 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −2 and direction
TA – TB = mω2λ along the tangent to the circle
TA = 6 mω2λ
TC: TB : TA :: 3 : 5 : 6 25. (2)
The amplitude is the radius of the circle
18. (3)
0.8
h = λ cos θ 𝑅𝑅 = = 0.4 m
2
The frequency of the shadow is the same as
that of the circular motion, so
𝜔𝜔 = 30 rev/min
= 0.5rev/s = π rads−1
𝜔𝜔 𝜋𝜋
and v = = = 0.5 Hz.
2𝜋𝜋 2𝜋𝜋
 cos θ
T = 2π 26. (1)
g When particle moves in a circle, then the
19. (4) resultant force must act towards the centre and
𝑚𝑚 𝑣𝑣 2
20. (2) its magnitude 𝐹𝐹 must satisfy, 𝐹𝐹 = 𝑙𝑙
1 This resultant force is directed towards the
K = as2 ⇒ as2 = mv2
2 centre and it is called centripetal force. This
2as 2 2a force originates from the tension 𝑇𝑇
m =v ⇒v= S m Hence, 𝐹𝐹 =
𝑚𝑚 𝑣𝑣 2
= 𝑇𝑇
𝑙𝑙
dv ds 2a 2a 27. (4)
at = = =v
dt dt m m 𝑇𝑇 sin θ = 𝑀𝑀𝜔𝜔2 𝑅𝑅 …(i)
2a 2a 𝑇𝑇 sin θ = 𝑀𝑀𝜔𝜔2 𝐿𝐿 sin θ …(ii)
at = s 𝑇𝑇 = 𝑀𝑀𝜔𝜔2 𝐿𝐿
m m
= 𝑀𝑀 ∙ 4𝜋𝜋 2 𝑛𝑛2 𝐿𝐿
2a
at = s. ⇒ mat = 2as 2 2
m = 𝑀𝑀 ∙ 4𝜋𝜋 2 � � 𝐿𝐿
𝜋𝜋
v2 = 16 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
mac = =Fnet Ft 2 + Fc2
m
So we get Ans No (2) 28. (3)
21. (2) At t = 0, t =0
FC = mk2 rt2 a⊥ = g cos θ,
v2 v2 u2
aC = k2rt2 = ⇒ v = krt R= =
r a⊥ g cos θ
dv
at = = kr 29. (1)
dt     It can be observed that component of
Ft = mkr ⇒ P = F . v ( FC . v = 0) acceleration perpendicular to velocity is
  ac = 4 m/s2
P = Ft . v = mkr × krt
= mk2r2t v2 (2) 2
∴ radius = = = 1 metre
ac 4

7
Circular motion Physics-XI
30. (1) 34. (2)
v2 20 × 20
tan θ = =
Rg 20 × 10
tan θ = 2
θ = tan–1
35. (4)
As we know :
1
v2 mgh = mv2 2gh = v2
aC = (centripetal acceleration) 2
R V2 > 5 kg 2gh > 5 Rh
v2
From figure ; g sin θ = h>
5
R
R 2
v0 v 2 v 36. (3)
⇒ g. = (Since ; sin θi = 0 )
v R v particle will leave the surface at cos θ = 2/3
⇒ R α v3 height from bottam
31. (3) 2 5R
H = R cosθ +R = R+ R =
For water does not fall at topmost point of 3 3
path that means at topmost point N should be
greater than or equal to zero.
mv 2
for N = 0 mg =
r
mv 2 5 × 42 5 × 21
and for N > 0 , mg < = = 35 cm
r 3 3
mv 2 37. (2)
so that mg is not greater than
r Given vB = 0.5 gr
32. (3) Assume block leave the contact at C, N = 0
Energy conservation between
mvC2
point A & B = mg cos θ .... (1)
(K.E. + P.E.)A = (K.E. + P.E.)B r
1
from energy conservation mvB2 + mgr
2
1
(1 – cos θ) = mvC2 .... (2)
2
1 from equation (1) and (2).
0+0= mv2 – mgR
2 1 1 
m +  gr  mg r (1 – cos θ)
V= 2gR Ans. 2 4 
1 3
33. (3) = mg r cos θ ⇒ cos θ =
mu 2 2 4
T1 – mg = ......(i) 3
 ⇒ θ = cos–1 Ans.
4
38. (4)
mu 2
T1 + mg
= 2
1 1
mu2 – mv2 = 2 mgλ
T2 mv 2 2
– mg

mv 2
T2 + mg = ......(ii)

1
and 0 + mu2 = mg 2λ + mv2
2
m
(i-ii) T1 – T2 = (u2 – v2) + 2mg ⇒ u2 – v2 = 4gλ

u2 = 4gλ + v2
m
= (4 gλ) + 2 mg 4 v2 – 4gλ = u2 + gλ
 4 v2 – 4gλ = 4 gλ + v2 + gλ
T1 – T2 = 6 mg. 3v2 = 9 gλ

8
Physics-XI Circular motion
10 45. (4)
v = 2g = 3 × 10 = 10 m/s Minimum speed at the highest point of vertical
3
circular path 𝑣𝑣 = �𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔
39. (2)
46. (2)
mv 2
F= When a body is revolving in circular motion it
R is acted upon by a centripetal force directed
2
 3  3  towards the center. Water will not fall if
 m  v 2
2  2  = 9 . mv F
F1 = 
weight is balanced by centripetal force.
3  4 R Therefore
 R
2 
mg
F1 − F 9  T
Force increased = ×100=  − 1 × 100
F 4  Or
5
= × 100 = 12.5 %
4
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 2
40. (2) 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 =
𝑟𝑟
41. (2) ⟹ 𝑣𝑣 2 = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 … (i)
𝑣𝑣 = �5g𝑅𝑅 Circumference of a circle is 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋.
When 𝑅𝑅 ′ =
𝑅𝑅 2π𝑟𝑟
4 Time of revoluation =
1 1 𝑣𝑣
′
𝑣𝑣 = �5g𝑅𝑅′ = �5g𝑅𝑅/4 = �5g𝑅𝑅 = 𝑣𝑣 Putting the value of 𝑣𝑣 from Eq. (i), we get
2 2
2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 𝑟𝑟
42. (1) 𝑇𝑇 = = 2𝜋𝜋�
In this problem it is assumed that particle �𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝑔𝑔
although moving in a vertical loop but its m2
speed remain constant Given, 𝑟𝑟 = 4 m, 𝑔𝑔 = 9.8
𝑚𝑚 𝑣𝑣 2
s
Tension at lowest point 𝑇𝑇max = + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 4 4𝜋𝜋
𝑟𝑟
𝑚𝑚 𝑣𝑣 2
∴ 𝑇𝑇 = 2𝜋𝜋� ⟹ 𝑇𝑇 = = 4s
9.8 √9.8
Tension at highest point 𝑇𝑇min = 𝑟𝑟 − 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 47. (1)
𝑇𝑇max + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 5
= 𝑟𝑟 2 = When train A moves form east to west
𝑇𝑇min 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 3
− 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 m (v + ω R ) 2
𝑟𝑟 mg – N1 =
By solving we get, 𝑣𝑣 = �4𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 = R
√4 × 9.8 × 2.5 = √98 𝑠𝑠
𝑚𝑚 m (v + ω R ) 2
⇒ N1 = mg –
R
43. (2) N1 = F1
Maximum tension in the thread is given by When train B moves from west to east
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 2
𝑇𝑇max = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + m (v − ω R ) 2
𝑟𝑟 mg–N2=
or 𝑇𝑇max = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 2 (∵ 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) R
𝑇𝑇max − 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 m (v − ω R ) 2
or 𝜔𝜔2 = ⇒N2= mg –
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 R
Given, 𝑇𝑇max = 37 N, m = 500g = 0.5 kg, 𝑔𝑔 N2 = F2 F1 > F2 Ans.
= mg−2 ,
𝑟𝑟 = 4m 48. (3)
37 − 0.5 × 10 37 − 5 V = 72 km/h
∴ 𝜔𝜔2 = =
0.5 × 4 2
or 𝜔𝜔2 = 16
or ω = 4 rad s −1
44. (1)
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 1 × (4)2 5
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 1 × 10 = 10𝑁𝑁, = = 16 = 72 × = 20 m/s
𝑟𝑟 1 18
𝑚𝑚 𝑣𝑣 2
Tension at the top of circle = 𝑟𝑟 − 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 6𝑁𝑁 v2 400
𝑚𝑚 𝑣𝑣 2
ar = = = 50
Tension at the bottom of circle = 𝑟𝑟
+ 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 r 80
= 26𝑁𝑁

9
Circular motion Physics-XI
2
v /r 5 1 ω1 T
tanθ = = = ∴ = 2
g 10 2 ω2 T1
1 but time period is given same, i.e., T1 = T2
θ = tan–1  2  ω1 1
Hence, =
ω2 1
49. (2)
56. (1)
Maximum kinetic energy of swing should be
equal to difference in potential energies to
conserve energy.
Centripital force provided by friction From energy conservation
mv 2 1
µmg > mv2 max = mg (H2 – H1)
r 2
50. (2) Here, H1 = minimum height of swing from
In uniform circular motion resultant horizontal earth's surface = 0.75 m
force on the car must be towards the centre of H2 maximum height of swing from
circular path. earth's surface = 2m
1
∴ mv2 max = mg (2 – 0.75)
2
or vmax = 2 × 10 × 1.25
51. (1) = 25 = 5 m/s
Maximum retardation a = µg 57. (3)
For apply brakes sharply minimum distance They have same 𝜔𝜔
require to stop. Centripetal acceleration = 𝜔𝜔2 𝑟𝑟
0 = v2 – 2µgs 𝑎𝑎1 𝜔𝜔2 𝑟𝑟1 𝑟𝑟1
= =
v2 𝑎𝑎2 𝜔𝜔 2 𝑟𝑟2 𝑟𝑟2
⇒ s=
2µ g 58. (2)
For taking turn minimum radius is
59. (3)
v2 v2
µg = , ⇒r= ,
r µg 60. (2)
here r is twice of s 61. (3)
so apply brakes sharply is safe for driver. Acceleration of insect with respect to car
𝐚𝐚�⃗𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 is 𝑎𝑎 in the direction shown in figure.
52. (3) Absolute acceleration of insect is
53. (4) 𝐚𝐚�⃗𝑠𝑠 = 𝐚𝐚�⃗𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝐚𝐚�⃗𝑐𝑐
Component of 𝐚𝐚�⃗𝑠𝑠 along horizontal is 𝑎𝑎0 −
a cos θ and perpendicular to screen is 𝑎𝑎0 sin θ
62. (2)
T = mω .λ2 Here, 𝑚𝑚 = 5 kg, 𝑟𝑟 = 2m, 𝑣𝑣 = 6 ms −1
T0 = mω02.λ0 The tension is maximum at the lowest point
T1 = m (2ω0)2.(2λ0) 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
𝑇𝑇max = 𝑚𝑚g +
= 8 m ω02λ0 𝑟𝑟
5×6×6
T1 = 8T0 = 5 × 9.8 +
2
54. (2) = 139N
63. (1)
As the body just completes the circular path,
55. (1)
hence critical speed at the highest point.
Angular velocity of particle is,
2π 1 𝑣𝑣𝐻𝐻 = �𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔
ω = or ω ∝ which is totally horizontal.
T T
As the string breaks at the highest point, hence
It simply implies that ω does not depend on form here onwards the body will follow
mass of the body and radius of the circle.

10
Physics-XI Circular motion
parabolic path. Time taken by the body to mv
reach the ground 180°

2ℎ 2 × 2𝑅𝑅
𝑡𝑡 = � = �
𝑔𝑔 𝑔𝑔 mv
Hence, horizontal distance covered by the ∴change in momentum
body ∆𝑃𝑃 = 2𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 sin⁡
(𝜃𝜃/2)
= 𝑣𝑣𝐻𝐻 × 𝑡𝑡 = 2𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 sin(90) = 2𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
But kinetic energy remains always constant so
4𝑅𝑅 change in kinetic energy is zero
= �𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 × � = 2𝑅𝑅
𝑔𝑔 66. (2)
𝑉𝑉 2
64. (3) For banking tan 𝜃𝜃 =
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝜔𝜔 θ
𝛼𝛼 = 𝑡𝑡 and 𝜔𝜔 = 𝑡𝑡 𝑉𝑉 2
tan 45 = =1
θ 90 × 10
∴ 𝛼𝛼 = 2 𝑉𝑉 = 30 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
𝑡𝑡
But 𝛼𝛼 =constant 67. (1)
(2)2
So,
θ1
= (2+2)2 2𝜋𝜋 2
θ 1 +θ 2 𝑎𝑎 = 𝜔𝜔2 𝑅𝑅 = � � (5 × 10−2 ) = 5 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2
θ1 1 0.2𝜋𝜋
or
θ 1 +θ 2
=
4 68. (3)
θ 1 +θ 2 4
or = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
θ1 1 𝑣𝑣 = 36 = 10 ∴ 𝐹𝐹 =
or 1 + θ =
θ2 4 ℎ 𝑠𝑠 𝑟𝑟
1 1 500 × 100
θ2 = = 1000 𝑁𝑁
∴ =3 50
θ1
65. (4)
As momentum is vector quantity

11
Circular motion Physics-XI
EXERCISE # 3
1. (2) r = 150 m Total energy = K.E. + P.E.
µ = 0.6 α r3 α r3 5 3
= + = αr
v= µ rg 3 2 6
8. (2)
= 0.6 × 150 × 10 Tangential acceleration
= 900 = 30 at = 0
→
→ 2r Centripetal force
2. (2) a =–ω
v2 v2 1
(i.e. acceleration vector is always opposite to ac = = awt = ac = =a∝
the radius vector) r r r
3. (3)
1 mv 2
K.E. = mv2 = const 9. (3) T sin θ =
2 r
→ → T cos θ = mg
( W = F . d = Fd cos 90º = 0)
4. (2) T θ
ω r12
r
= 1 θ
ω r2
2
r2
5. (4)
O r

α W
F1 y
R Bowl v2
A tan θ = = θ = 45º
mg cos α h rg
mg sin α v2 = rg
mg
The insect crawls up the bowl upto a certain n= rg = 0.4 × 10 = 2 m/s
height h only till the component of its weight
along the bowl is balanced by limiting 10. (2)
frictional force. As the particles moving in circular orbits, So
For limiting condition at point A mv 2 16
R = mg cos α …..(i) = + r3
r r
F1 = mg sin α …..(i)
Kinetic energy,
Dividing equation (ii) by (i)
1 1
1 F KE0 = mv2 = [16 + r4]
tan α = = 1 = µ[As F1 = µR] 2 2
cot α R
1
1 1  For first particle, r = 1, K1 = (16 + 1)
⇒ tan α = µ =  µ = ( given)  2
3 3 
Similarly, for second particle, r = 4,
∴ cot α = 3
1
6. (3) K2 = (16 + 256)
7. (2) 2
As we know, dU = F.dr 16 + 1
K1 17
r
α r3 ∴ = 2 = = 6 × 10–2
=U ∫= α r 2 dr …(i) K2 16 + 256 272
0
3
2
mv 2 1 α r3
As, = α r 2 ⇒ mv 2 = 11. (2)
r 2 2
T cos θ = mg
1 3
or, ( KE ) = α r …(ii)
2 q T
Total energy = Potential energy + kinetic
energy mv 2
T sin θ = mg
Now, from eqn (i) and (ii) r

12
Physics-XI Circular motion
v2 16. [4]
= tan θ ; v = rg r = 10 m
rg
T = 4 sec
12. (2).
d = 2 (10)m
2πr 2π I
I = r θ and =
T = ×
V V θ
8π × I 8π× 4.4 × 9.46 × 1015
= =
t 4T =
Vθ 1 π
8 × 1.5 × 1011 × 4 × ×
3600 180

= 4.5 × 1010 s
13. (3). 17. [8]
v2 dv dt dv t 1 1
v
y
= ⇒ = 2 ⇒ = –
r dt r v r v0 v
r
O v 2 vdv dv dx v s
= ⇒ = ⇒ ln = =
x r dx v r v0 r
   2πr
L0 = r × p = mvr (k)
ˆ
It does not change in direction and magnitude. r
v
⇒ = e ±2 π
14. [2] v0
dω v = v0 e±2π
α= = 6t 2 − 2t
dt t 1 1
= –
ω t r v 0 v 0 e ±2 π
∫ dω = ∫ ( 6 t
2
− 2t )dt
1 1 1
0 0 ⇒t= [1 – e–2π] = [1 – e–2π] = [1 – e–
8 α α
so ω = 2t3 – t2 + 10 2π
]⇒α=8
dθ
and = 2t 3 − t 2 + 10
dt 18. [60]
θ t
so ∫
4
∫
dθ = (2t 3 − t 2 + 10)dt
0
u= 3 2

4
t t3
θ= − + 10t + 4 45º 4
2 3

15. [91.00]
 
i = r × ( mv )
= (3î − ĵ) × (3 ĵ + k̂ )
L = mvr1
= î − 3 ĵ + 9k̂ =5× 3 2 ×
4
= 60 SI unit
2
= 91

13
Circular motion Physics-XI
EXERCISE # 4
1. (2) µ s cos θ + sin θ V2
MV 2
(i)/(ii) ; =
= Mg cos θ − µ s sin θ Rg
R
µ s + tan θ
N=0 V= gR
MV2/R 1 − µ s tan θ

Mg
7. (4)
V = Rg ; V = 20 × 10 gR
= 14.14 m/s
2. (1)
If particle move in a circular path with
constant speed, the acceleration of the particle
is centripetal acceleration 5gR
2
 2π 
ac = ω2R =   R But answer is gR .
 T 
4π 2 R 4π 2 8. (4)
ac = = × 5 × 10–2 1
T 2
(0.2π) 2
mv2 = 8 × 10–4
ac = 5 m/sec 2 2
3. (4) 1
× 10 × 10–3 v2 = 8 × 10–4
= v rg tan θ ⇒ v= 90 × 10 × tan 45º = 30 m/s 2
v2 = 16 × 10–2
4. (3) v = 0.4 m/s ; v2 = u2 + 2as
mv 2 (0.4)2 = 0 + 2a × 2(2πr)
µ mg ≥ ;v≤ µRg
R 0.16 = 8 × 3.14 × 6.4 × 10–2 a
a = 0.1 m/s2
vmax = µRg
9. (3)
5. (2)
Tan θ = dV2 / dt
v2 V /R
r/2 1
2m Tan 30º = = dV2 / dt
3 V /R
r 2
m v1 dV 1 V
= ×
Equal centripetal force dt 3 R
mv12 (2m) v 22 2
=  dV   V 
2 2
r r/2 a = 15 =   +
 dt   R 
⇒ v1 = 4 v 2 ⇒ v1 = 2v2
2 2
2
4  V2 
6. (1) 15 =  
Ncosθ 3  R 

N
2  V 
2
θ 2 V2
15 = = ×
3  R  3 2.5
Nsinθ

θ µs Ncosθ 15 × 3 × 2.5
⇒ V2 =
µs Nsinθ θ 2
= 32.476 = 5.7 m/s
mg
θ
10. (4)
µs N
T mv 2
mv 2max
µsN cos θ + N sin θ = ….(i) l
R
N cos θ = µs N sin θ + mg mv 2
Fnet = T =
N cos θ – µs N sin θ = mg ….(ii) l

14
Physics-XI Circular motion
11. (4) 14. (1)
A Tension at lowest point is maximum so will
break at that point
15. (4)
2πR 2πR
=
T ⇒=
v … (1)
h B
v T
v
v 2 sin 2 θ 2π2 R 2 sin 2 θ
=
H max = = 4R
2g gT 2
1/2
Conservation of energy at A and B  2gT 2 
sin θ = 
mg (h – D) = 1 m v2  π2 R



2
1/2
⇒ v = 2g( h − D)  2gT 2 
θ =sin −1  
 2 
for completing circle.  π R 
2 N mg
mg + N = mv
16. (1)
r ω f – ωi
Angular acceleration α =
⇒ v = rg ⇒ 2g (h – D) = D g
2 t
2 2π
D ωf = 3120 × rad/s
⇒h–D= 60
4
2π
5 ωi = 1200 × rad/s
h= D 60
4
12. (2) (3120 – 1200) 2π
⇒α= × = 4π
2π 16 60
ω=
T 17. (1)
T → same
ω1 = ω2
1:1
13. (2)
m1x1 + m 2 x 2
X cm =
m1 + m 2
θ
10 × 0 + 20 × 10 200 20
= = = m
10 + 20 30 3

18. [2]
y = r cos θ A particle moving with uniform speed in a
y = 3 cos ωt circular path maintains varying velocity and
2π varying acceleration. It is because direction of
y = 3 cos .t
4 both velocity as well as acceleration will
πt change continuously.
y = 3 cos
2

15