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Sec_3_Math_2

The document provides an overview of differential equations, defining them as equations involving derivatives of dependent variables with respect to independent variables. It discusses types of differential equations, including ordinary and partial, as well as the concepts of order and degree. Additionally, it outlines methods for forming and solving first-order differential equations, including variable separable and homogeneous equations, with examples for clarity.

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Sec_3_Math_2

The document provides an overview of differential equations, defining them as equations involving derivatives of dependent variables with respect to independent variables. It discusses types of differential equations, including ordinary and partial, as well as the concepts of order and degree. Additionally, it outlines methods for forming and solving first-order differential equations, including variable separable and homogeneous equations, with examples for clarity.

Uploaded by

do.notcheat131
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH 2

SECTION 3
differential equation
An equation involving derivative (derivatives) of the dependent variable with respect to
independent variable (variables) is called a differential equation.

F(x, y, y’,…., yn ) = 0
Types of Differential Equations
• A differential equation involving • a differential equation involving
derivatives of the dependent derivatives with respect to
variable with respect to only one more than one independent
independent variable is called an variables is called a partial
ordinary differential equation differential equation.
Order and Degree of an ordinary differential
equation
Order
The Order is the highest derivative
Degree
The degree is the exponent of the highest derivative.
Examples:-
NOTE : Degree (when defined)
of a differential equation is the
highest power (positive integer
only) of the highest order
derivative in it.
Order and Degree of an ordinary differential
equation
FORMATION OF A DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
FORMATION OF A DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

Working Rule :
To form the differential equation corresponding to an equation
involving two variables, say x and y and some arbitrary
constants, say, a, b, c, etc.
1. Differentiate the equation as many times as the number of
arbitrary constants in the equation.
2. Eliminate the arbitrary constants from these equations.
FORMATION OF A DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
Remark : If an equation contains n arbitrary constants then we will obtain a differential equation of nth
order.
Example :-form a differential equation from a given function,
FORMATION OF A DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
Cont solution ..
FORMATION OF A DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
Cont solution ..
First Order and First Degree Differential
Equations
Different Methods of Solving First Order
First Degree Differential Equations
Differential Equations with Variable Separable
Homogeneous Differential Equations
Linear Differential Equations
Non-Linear (Bernoulli’s Differential Equation)
 Exact Equations
 Reducible to exact DE (Integrating Factor)
Variable Separable
Variable separable method: is used to solve such an equation in which variables can be
separated completely, i.e., terms containing x should remain with dx and terms containing y
should remain with dy
A first order differential equation is separable if it can be written in one of the following forms:
Variable Separable
A separable equation is solved by separating the variables, that is, rearranging the equation so
that everything involving y appears on one side of the equation, and everything
involving x appears on the other. The equation can then be integrated directly.
Variable Separable
Example
Example1:-
Variable Separable
Example2:-
Variable Separable
Example3:-

Solution :
Variable Separable
Example4:-
Variable Separable
Example5:-
Variable Separable
Example6:-
Homogeneous Differential Equations
Homogeneous function
Homogeneous Differential Equations
1

2 OR Differential equation is said to be


homogeneous if it can be put in the
form
𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝒚
= 𝑭(𝒚) or 𝑭(𝒙)
𝒅𝒚
Homogeneous Differential Equations
Homogeneous Differential Equations
Working Rule:
1. First we check the given equation is homogeneous.
2. If homogeneous then in the given equation.
3. Simplify the equation and separate the variables.
4. Integrate the equation
5. After integration v is replaced by y/x in the required solution .
Homogeneous Differential Equations
Example 1
Homogeneous Differential Equations
Example 2 Solve
Homogeneous Differential Equations
Cont solution ..
Homogeneous Differential Equations
Cont solution ..
Homogeneous Differential Equations
Example 3
Homogeneous Differential Equations
Cont solution ..
Homogeneous Differential Equations
Example 4 solve
THANK YOU

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