GURUS OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

1. Dr. William Edwards Deming (Oct. 14, 1900-Dec. 20, 1993)

 Often referred to as the FATHER OF QUALITY CONTROL
 He is known for his 14 points, for the Deming Chain Reaction and for
the Theory of Profound Knowledge.
 He modified the Shewart PDSA (plan, do, study, act) cycle to what is
now referred to as Deming Cycle (plan, do, check, act).
 He said that the Top Management's responsibility to create and
communicate a vision to move the firm toward continuous improvement.
 He said that only the customer can define the quality of any product or
service.
Deming’s 14 point methodology
1. Constancy Purpose
2. The New Philosophy
3. Cease dependence on inspection
4. End low cost tender contracts
5. Improve every process
6. Institute training on the job
7. Institute leadership
8. Drive out fear
9. Breakdown barriers
10. Eliminate exhortation
11. Eliminate arbitrary numerical targets
12. Permit price of workshop
13. Encourage education
14. Top Management
7 deadly sins
1. Lack of constancy of purpose to plan products and services that have a
market sufficient to keep the company in business and provide jobs.

2. Stress on short-term profit; short-term thinking that is driven by a fear of

unfriendly takeover attempts and pressure from bankers and shareholders
to generate dividends.

3. Personal review systems for managers and management by objectives

with no methods or resources provided to achieve objectives; includes
performance evaluations, merit rating, and annual appraisals.

4. Job-hopping by managers.

5. Using only evident data and information in decision making with little or
no consideration given to what is unknown or cannot be known.

6. Extreme medical costs.

7. Too much costs of liability driven up by lawyers who work on

contingency fees
2. Philip Bayard "Phil" Crosby (June 18,1926-Aug. 18,2001)
 He was a businessman and author who contributed to management
theory and quality management practices. Crosby initiated the Zero
Defects program at the Martin Company.
 Philip Crosby came to national prominence with Publication of his book
Quality is Free in 1979
 He established the absolutes of quality management which states that
the only performance standard is zero detects and the basic elements
of improvement
The essence of Crosby's teachings is contained in what he calls the
"Four Absolutes of Quality"
1. The Definition-Quality is conformance to requirements, not goodness
2. The System-Prevention, not appraisal
3. The Performance Standard-Zero defects
4. The Measurement-The price of non-conformance to requirements
quality circles
5. Management must assess quality by continually tracking the cost of
doing things erroneously, Crosby calls this as the "price of non-
conformance".
Crosby’s 14 step methodology:
1. Management commitment
2. Quality improvement team
3. Quality measurement
4. Cost of quality
5. Quality awareness
6. Corrective action
7. Zero defects planning
8. Supervisor training
9. Zero defects day
10. Goal setting
11. Error-cause removal
12. Recognition
13. Quality councils
14. Do it over again
3. Dr. Joseph Moses Juran (Dec. 24,1904-Feb. 28, 2008)
 Assisted the Japanese in their reconstruction processes after WW II
 First became known in the U.S. as the editor of the Quality Control
Handbook (1951)
 Juran introduced the quality trilogies (quality planning, quality control &
quality improvement
4. Armand Feigenbaum (April 6, 1920-Nov. 13, 2014)
 He devised the concept of Total Quality Control which inspired Total
Quality Management.
 He was the first to classify quality cost as cost of prevention, appraisal
Internal and external failures
Three Steps to Quality
 1. Quality Leadership- the management must maintain a constant focus
and lead the quality efforts.
2. Modern quality technology- the traditional quality development
processes cannot resolve 80% 90% of quality problems.
3. Organizational commitment- continuous training and motivation of the
whole workforce.
5. Prof. Kaoru Ishikawa (July 13, 1915-April 6, 1989)
 He is the "Father of Quality Circles" for his role in launching Japans
quality movement in 1960's.
 He is recognized with developing the idea of company-wide quality
control in Japan
Ishikawa said that the seven basic tool were "indispensable for
quality control".
1. Process flow chart. 5. Cause and Effect diagram
2. Check sheet. 6. Stratification
3. Histogram. 7. Scatter chart
4. Pareto chart
Ishikawa concept of total quality control contains Six Fundamental
Principles:
1. Quality first-not short term profits first
2. Customer orientation-not producer orientation
3. The next step is your customer-breaking down the fence of
sectionalism
4. Using facts and data to make presentations-use of statistical methods
5. Reverence for humanity as a management philosophy, full
participatory management
6. Cross-functional Management.
6.Genichi Taguchi (Jan. 1, 1942-June 2, 2012)
 Dr. Taguchi was born in Japan and completed his graduation in the
subject of Mechanical Engineering and obtain Ph.D in year 1962.
 He is a Japanese quality expert known for his work of product
design.
 He estimated that 80% all defective items are called by poor
product design.
 Defines quality as the "loss imported to the society from the time a
product of shipped".
Taguchi is known for applying a concept called design of experiment
to product design.
 This method is an engineering approach that focuses on
developing robust design that enables products to perform under
varying conditions. Robust design result in a product that can
perform over a wide range of conditions.
7.Dr. Shingo Shigeo (1909-1990)
 A Japanese greatest contributor to modern manufacturing
practices and an expert in the field of industrial engineering
 The 3 Concepts of Dr. Shingo Shigeo
 Just in time (JIT)
 Single Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED)
 Zero Quality Control (ZQC)
The 3 Principles
1. 100% inspection done at the starting place instead of sampling.
2. Instant feedback from consecutive quality and self-check.
3. Poka-Yoke designed manufacturing devices.
8. Masaki Imai (1930-present)
 The Founder and President of Kaizen Institute who V threw the word
"kaizen".
 Kaizen refers to continuous or on-going improvement in Japanese.