केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन, बें गलूरु संभाग

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN, BENGALURU REGION

सत्र समाप्ति परीक्षा 2024-25
Marking Scheme
SESSION ENDING EXAMINATION—2024-25
Class: XI Maximum Marks:70
Subject: Biology (044) Time: 3 hrs
General Instructions:

• All questions are compulsory.

• The question paper has five sections and 33 questions.
• Section–A has 16 questions of 1 mark each; Section–B has 5 questions of 2
marks each; Section– C has 7 questions of 3 marks each; Section– D has 2
case-based questions of 4 marks each; and Section–E has 3 questions of 5
marks each.
• There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in
some questions. A student has to attempt only one of the alternatives in such
questions.
• Wherever necessary, neat and properly labeled diagrams should be drawn.
SECTION-A
Q. No. 1 to 12 are multiple choice questions. Only one of the choices is correct.
Select and write the correct choice as well as the answer to these questions.

1 c) Undifferentiated body structure 1

2 b) Systematics 1

3 b) They contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis, similar to plants 1

4 a) It develops from the radicle and has a taproot 1

5 b) The enzyme would become denatured and lose its activity due to the change in 1
pH.

6 a) The absorption spectrum shows the light absorption capacity of pigments, while 1
the action spectrum shows the rate of photosynthesis at different wavelengths of
light.

7 a) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4 1

8 c) Adult frogs have only lungs for respiration. 1

9 a) It helps the cell maintain its shape and provides tracks for intracellulartransport. 1

10 c) B and C are true; A and D are false. 1

11 c) Part (iii) represents the aorta carrying oxygenated blood to the body. 1

12 b) Proximal convoluted tubule 1

Question No. 13 to 16 consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Answer these questions by selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is False but R is true.
13 (c) A is true but R is false. 1

14 (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 1

15 (d) A is False but R is true. 1

16 (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 1

SECTION B

17 A- Bulliform cells - curling of leaves inward to minimize loss of water 2

during water stress. ½ M +1/2 M
B- Guard cells -regulate the opening and closing of stomata ½ M +1/2M

18 (a) The placentation type is parietal placentation. -1/2 M 2

Mustard (Brassica) or Cucumber (Cucumis) any other correct example- ½ M
(b) In sunflowers, the type of placentation is basal placentation, where a
single ovule is attached to the base of the ovary.- 1M
19 (a) Cell number 2
(b) Size of the cell
(c) Its length
(d) Increase in surface area ½ X4
OR
Oxygen is released during non-cyclic photophosphorylation due to the splitting of
water molecules in Photosystem II (PS II). 1M
The splitting of water provides electrons to replace those lost by PS II, and this
reaction produces oxygen as a by-product.1M

20 a) Capillaries are most suited for the exchange of gases and nutrients due to their 2
thin walls and proximity to tissues, allowing diffusion.1M
(b) Arteries have thicker walls and a smaller lumen compared to veins, which have
thinner walls and a larger lumen.1M

21 The secondary structure includes alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets. 1M 2

These structures are stabilized by hydrogen bonds. -1M

SECTION C

22 Fungal Class: Ascomycetes (e.g., Neurospora, coprophilous fungi). 1M 3

Adaptations: (Any two correct points) 1+1
These fungi are decomposers and thrive in nutrient-rich environments like dung.
They produce resilient asexual spores (conidia) that can survive harsh conditions.
Sexual reproduction produces ascospores within asci, ensuring spore dispersal.

23 (i) Prophase -1/2M 3

(ii) D, A, F, C E and B -1M
(iii) Aster – ½ M
(iv) Animal cells-1/2M,
Centrioles are found in the opposite poles; they have formed the spindle
fibres – ½ M

24 Skin: Reptiles have dry, cornified skin covered with scales or scutes, while 3
amphibians have moist skin without scales.
Fertilisation: Reptiles exhibit internal fertilisation, whereas amphibians usually
have external fertilisation.
 Heart: Most reptiles have a three-chambered heart, except crocodiles, which have a
four-chambered heart. Amphibians generally have a three-chambered heart.
(1+1+1)

25 • Carbohydrates: Glucose → Glycolysis → Pyruvate → Acetyl CoA → 3

Krebs Cycle.
• Fats: Fatty acids → Beta-oxidation → Acetyl CoA → Krebs Cycle.
Glycerol → PGAL → Glycolysis → Pyruvate → Krebs Cycle.

• Proteins: Amino acids → Deamination → Pyruvate/Acetyl CoA/Krebs

cycle intermediates.
Include arrows to show reverse pathways for anabolic processes.(1+1+1)

26 Roles of Digestive Hormones: 3

Gastrin: Stimulates secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen in the stomach,
aiding protein digestion. -1M
Secretin: Stimulates the pancreas to release water and bicarbonate ions,
neutralizing acidic chyme in the duodenum. -1M
CCK: Stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and bile release from the gall
bladder, aiding in fat digestion. -1M
OR
Fibrous Joints: -1M
• Immovable; connect bones using dense connective tissue.
• Example: Sutures in the skull protect the brain.
Cartilaginous Joints: -1M
• Allow limited movement; bones joined by cartilage.
• Example: Intervertebral discs provide shock absorption in the vertebral
column.
Synovial Joints: -1M
• Freely movable; include a fluid-filled synovial cavity.
• Example: Ball-and-socket joint at the shoulder allows multidirectional
movement.
27 Male frogs have a pair of testes, which are yellowish and ovoid in shape, ( ½ M 3
)attached to the upper part of the kidneys by a double fold of peritoneum called
mesorchium.(1/2 M)
Male frogs also possess vocal sacs for sound production (1/2 M) and copulatory
pads on the first digit of the forelimbs, (1/2 M) which help in holding the female
during mating.
Female frogs have a pair of ovaries, located near the kidneys. There is no
functional connection between the ovaries and kidneys.- (1/2 M)
The oviducts of females open separately into the cloaca where fertilization occurs
externally.- (1/2 M)

28 (i) Ribosome -1M 3

(ii) Structure –(any two correct points) -1M
• Ribosomes consist of two subunits: a large subunit and a small subunit.
• Ribosomes are composed of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins.
• Ribosomes are not membrane-bound and can either float freely in the
cytoplasm or attach to the endoplasmic reticulum.

(iii) Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. They read messenger
RNA (mRNA) and use transfer RNA (tRNA) to assemble amino acids into
proteins based on the instructions provided by the mRNA.
 Anyone correct function -1M
SECTION D

29 (i) The membrane composition varies between different cell types to suit 4
their specific functions -1M
(ii) The ability of lipids and proteins within the lipid bilayer to move
laterally. – 1M
(iii) The fluid nature of the membrane is necessary for functions like, a) cell
growth b) Formation of intercellular junctions c) Endocytosis d) Cell
division e) secretion ( any four ) 2M
OR
(iv) The lipids in the cell membrane are arranged in a bilayer, with the
hydrophilic (polar) heads facing outward towards the aqueous
environment and the hydrophobic (nonpolar) tails facing inward, away
from water. -1M
Significance:
It protects the hydrophobic tails from water, maintaining membrane
integrity.- 1M

30 (i) Erythroblastosis foetalis -1M 4

(ii) Can be avoided by administering anti Rh – antibodies to the mother
immediately after the delivery of the first child. 1M
Attempt either option (iii)or (iv)
(iii) During the first pregnancy, the mother’s immune system is usually not
exposed to enough fetal Rh-positive blood to produce a significant
immune response. However, during childbirth or other events like
miscarriage or trauma, fetal blood may enter the maternal bloodstream,
sensitizing her immune system.2M
OR
(iv) Individuals are classified as Rh-positive or Rh-negative based on the
presence or absence of the Rhesus (Rh) factor, a protein found on the
surface of red blood cells. 1M
- Rh-positive individuals: They have the Rh factor on their red blood
cells. 1/2M
- Rh-negative individuals: They lack the Rh factor on their red blood
cells. - 1/2M

SECTION E

31 2+2+ 1
Flagellar Number Position of Insertion

Algae (b) Two flagella, unequal in length½ M Lateral½ M

Algae (c) 2- 8 flagella, equal in length ½ M Apical ½ M

(i)
(ii) Agar/ carrageen -1 M,
Commercial Uses:
• As a gelling agent in products like jellies, puddings, and ice creams
/in culture medium for growing microbes ( any two correct points)
½+½ M
(iii) Brown Algae/ Phaeophyceae ½ M
Cell wall material – Cellulose and algin ½ M
OR
(i) -The diagram shows a nematocyst, a stinging organelle within a
cnidoblast cell. 1M
 - It is found in the epidermal layer of cnidarians (e.g., Hydra, jellyfish,
sea anemones).1M
(ii) -Polyp: Sessile, cylindrical form specialized for asexual reproduction.
1M
-Medusa: Free-swimming, bell-shaped form specialized for sexual
reproduction 1M
(iii) (a) Hypostome ½ M (b) Pseudocoelomates -1/2 M

32 (i) -The electron transport chain (ETC) pumps protons (H⁺) from the 3+2
stroma into the thylakoid lumen as electrons move through a series of
protein complexes. 1M
-This creates a proton gradient (high H⁺ concentration inside the lumen
and low H⁺ in the stroma) across the thylakoid membrane.1M
- ATP synthase, located in the thylakoid membrane, uses the energy
from H⁺ flow (proton motive force) back into the stroma to phosphorylate ADP
into ATP. The process is driven by the electrochemical gradient, as proposed in the
chemiosmotic hypothesis.1M
(ii) CF₀ Subunit:
Embedded in the thylakoid membrane, it forms a channel for protons to flow from
the lumen to the stroma. -1M
This movement releases energy used by the CF₁ subunit.
CF₁ Subunit:
Protrudes into the stroma and utilizes the energy from proton flow to catalyze the
conversion of ADP and Pi into ATP. – 1M
OR
(i) - Pyruvate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation, catalyzed by
pyruvate dehydrogenase, producing acetyl CoA, NADH, and CO2. -
1M
-This step is critical as it links glycolysis (cytoplasm) to the TCA cycle
(mitochondria), enabling the complete oxidation of glucose for energy 2+2+1
production. – 1M
(ii) -Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during the conversion of
succinyl-CoA to succinate, catalyzed by succinyl-CoA synthetase. 1M
- This step produces GTP, which can be converted to ATP, directly
contributing to cellular energy. 1M
(iii)Differences from Oxidative Phosphorylation:
1. Substrate-level phosphorylation does not require oxygen, while oxidative
phosphorylation depends on oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
2. Oxidative phosphorylation involves the ETC and a proton gradient, while
substrate-level phosphorylation occurs directly in metabolic pathways like
glycolysis and the TCA cycle.
3. Substrate-level phosphorylation provides immediate ATP, while oxidative
phosphorylation yields most of the ATP in aerobic respiration. (any one
point of difference) 1M

33 (i) The hindbrain consists of the following parts visible in the diagram: 3+1+1
Cerebellum (5): Responsible for maintaining balance, posture, and coordination of
voluntary movements. 1m
Pons (7): Plays a role in relaying signals between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and
spinal cord, and is involved in regulating sleep and respiration. 1m
Medulla Oblongata (6): Controls involuntary functions such as heartbeat,
breathing, and reflexes like swallowing and coughing.1m
(ii) (a) Hypothalamus and (b) Cerebrum ½ +1/2 M
(iii) The outermost – Duramater, the middle arachnoid, the innermost pia
mater (any two of them) ½ + ½ M
OR
(i)

Correct diagram – 1M
(a) renal columns (or columns of Bertin)-
(b) Renal pelvis
(c) Renal capsule
(d) Cortex
Labelling each part – ½ MX4 = 2M
(ii)

Any 4 correct differences – 2M