WACHEMO UNIVERISTY DURAME CAPUS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

PROJECT TITTLE: ANDROID BASED TAXI BOOKING SYSTEM for Durame
town
Advisor MR. Amanuel T

PREPAIRED BY. ID

Riyad Nurhusen 4756

Siyamregn Girma 2581

March,2017

Durame,Ethiopia
 Wachemo University(Durame Campus)

College of Engineering and Technology(CET) Department of

Computer Science.

We the name listed below have cordially evaluated the importance offered to
Computer Science Department Students conducted by:-

1, Riyad Nurhusen
2,Siyamregn Girma

The final Project Entitled On “ ANDROID BASED TAXI BOOKING SYSTEM ” under Collage
of Engineering and Technology in Computer Science Department and we are
absolutely confident that all the project under this paper are necessary and
approved with definitive signature.

Declaration

I, [Riyad and siymregn], hereby declare that this project report titled “ ANDROID
BASED TAXI BOOKING SYSTEM ” is my original work and has been carried out
under the guidance of [Dereje Addise]. This work has not been submitted to any
other university or institution for any academic award.

All sources of information used in this project have been properly cited and
acknowledged. The findings, analysis, and conclusions presented in this report are
based on my research and development efforts. Any similarities with other works
are purely coincidental.

I take full responsibility for any errors or omissions in this project.

Signature: _____________
Date: _______________
Name: [Your Full Name]
Institution: [Wachemo unversit]
 APPROVAL SHEET

This is to certify that the project report titled:

“: ANDROID BASED TAXI BOOKING SYSTEM ”

Submitted by [Dereje Addise] in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of [ Degree Program] at [Wachemo University], has been reviewed and
approved by the project advisor(MR. Amanule T).

This project has been examined and approved for submission by:

Advisors Approval

Advisors Name: ___________________________

Title: ___________________________
Signature: ___________________________
Date: ___________________________

Co-Advisors Approval (if applicable)

Co-Advisors Name: ___________________________

Title: ___________________________
Signature: ___________________________
Date: ___________________________

Department Head Approval

Department Head Name: ___________________________

Title: ___________________________
Signature: ___________________________
Date: ___________________________
LIST OF ACRONYM

CET College of Engineering and Technology

ID Identification

OS Operating System

SDK Software Development Kit

XML Extensible Markup Language

SQL Structured Query Language

RAM Random Access Memory

MB Megabyte

Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity

IDE Integrated Development Environment

DDMS Dalvik Debug Monitor Service

LBS Location-Based Service

OOP Object-Oriented Programming

OO Object-Oriented
 Abstract

Now a day, people are more inclined towards owning a smart phone. In such a scenario, mobile
application development is one of most sought after platforms. Android is one of the largest platforms
that run in most smart phones from manufacturers like Samsung, iPhone etc. Android based taxi
booking is an Android phone taxi reservation application which targets the residents of the town of
Durame.

Unfortunately, in the town of Durame, the passengers are just tired of waiting at different locations for a
taxi that they have just reserved to pick them up and take them home. What we need is a reliable
mobile application which reserves a taxi for us from a specific place at a certain time and which tells its
passengers the status of the taxi in order to keep them from waiting for long hours. Taxi booking serves
just that purpose. This android based taxi booking system allows the users to get a taxi from any
location in the town of dessie, even if they seem to be lost. One does not have to spend hours on phone
with the taxi services to tell them where exactly you are located currently. This application allows filling
pickup place and destination place to the passengers, and knows which taxi would take to reach to the
destination. Once a user reserves a taxi, he is checked booking whether it is accepted or denied by the
taxi driver. The application provides the user the facility to view available taxi or status of taxi
 Table of Contents

Declaration..............................................................................................................................................ii

Approval sheet.......................................................................................................................................iii

LIST OF ACRONYM................................................................................................................................iv

Abstract...................................................................................................................................................v

1.Introduction .......................................................................................................................................1

1.1 Background of the Study..............................................................................................................1

1.2 Motivation......................................................................................................................................2

1.3 Statement of the Problem............................................................................................................2

1.4 Objectives (General & Specific)...................................................................................................3

1.5 Significance...................................................................................................................................4

1.6 Existing Problems.........................................................................................................................5

1.7 Expected Outcomes.....................................................................................................................5

1.8 Scope and Limitations..................................................................................................................8

1.9. Feasibility Study ...........................................................................................................................9

Technical Feasibility Study...................................................................................................................9

Economic Feasibility Study..................................................................................................................9
Operational Feasibility Study...............................................................................................................9
Legal Feasibility Study..........................................................................................................................9

2. Literature Review.............................................................................................................................10

2.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................10

2.2 Related Works.............................................................................................................................10

2.3. Gaps critique and ways you are going to tackle them..........................................................12

3. Materials and Methods...................................................................................................................13

 3.1 Data Collection............................................................................................................................13

3.2 System Design and analysis .....................................................................................................14

3.3 system Implementation methods and how to use methods.................................................17

3.4 Development Environment and programming ........................................................................17

4. Project Plan ..................................................................................................................................18

4.1 Timeline .................................................................................................................................18

4.2 Budget plan ...........................................................................................................................18

4.3 Team Research.......................................................................................................................19

List of Figure
Figure 1.7.1proposed software architecture Sub...............................................................................7

Figure 3.2. 1 System use case diagram.............................................................................................15

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1. Introductio

In today’s world the numbers of mobile users are increasing and a lot of applications, and
services generate a lot of data, and information to mobile users. These mobile users are
professional people who can be executive, sales people, service engineers, teachers, etc. In
general everyone is becoming a mobile service user. These users are using different
applications; among the many applications used by many users are productivity applications.
Our team member will build a productivity application named android based Taxi Booking
system.

The main objective of the project is to provide an easy to use and handy mobile application to
the android users which enables them to book a taxi from any location to any location in
Durame town. The users can keep track of their bookings and the taxi's current status. The aim
of this project is to produce a software system that matches customers and taxi drivers in real
time using existing cell phone and the designed system consists of a client mobile application
for customers, a mobile application for taxi drivers, a server with a database, and web. The
purpose here is to book the taxi any point in time using the Android application. The customer
just books the taxi using this application and his details and location is sent to the web site
where the software finds taxi randomly. After finding the taxi, software sends the customer
details to the taxi driver and if the taxi driver accepts the request then the taxi is booked for the
given customer; else the customer details are forwarded to other taxi driver.

1.1 Background of the Study

Nowadays, taxi services are everywhere big cities, medium-sized cities and even small cities
around the world have reasonable infrastructure to provide this service. Taxi systems try to

Meet service demands of native population and tourists that visit or work on these places. At
most of the cities around the world, it is possible to observe that taxi drivers waste a large
portion of time about 50% - at vacant times [1]. Because of this high rate of wasting time, there
are a large number of studies that intend to improve the efficiency of these services, without
increasing the costs. Some years ago, the use of geographical location information has been in
expected time to serve [2]. A location-based service is a service based on the geographical
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position of a mobile handheld device. Unfortunately in our country there is no digital

map/Google map to give the service based on the use of geographical location information.
Therefore we will not use a digital map in our project to track taxi.

To use this method does not guarantee that the nearest taxi driver will be chosen and so the
resulting dispatch system does not meet the demands on an optimized way. It is possible to
conclude that the choice of the driver is carried out in a way of random, since the driver who
first answers the demand.

This project involves the study of current system in more detail to handle Taxi Booking. The
existing system is a manual system, which means customers are stand long time on the street
waiting for coming taxi or make a call for driver they already know. Call phones to taxi drivers or
to the taxi service providers and make physical contact to the taxi drivers or taxi service
providers. This project needs to make significant change on the existing system. In these project
customers can book taxi from anywhere in the town at any time online. The drivers are only
accepting order of system and serving customer. Then the central system make decision based
on customer needs, send booked taxi numbers and arrival time with corresponding amount of
the cost for the customer and send notification for selected taxi drivers. This range of features
ensures booking a taxi online is a lot faster and easier than booking and dispatching a taxi by
making call to taxi service providers or to the taxi drivers and physical contact, so it helps to
overcome at least the following problems in the existing system.

1.2 Motivation

Rising smartphone usage and the need for safe, efficient transportation motivate this project.
The system will address safety concerns and streamline taxi operations.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

There are a lot of problems in the existing system. Due to that passengers as well as taxi drivers are
wasting their time and money, passengers are stand long time on the street waiting for coming taxi or
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make a call for driver they already know, so it is difficult to customers to find a taxi on the go. In other
way taxi drivers are also waste their time and resource by staying somewhere until the customer call
them or come to them or they find customer by roaming . Although as there is no legally specified pick
and drop fee for every place based on km or any distance measurement, customers are paying extra
money for single route. Road side booking of passengers is inefficient and causes occasional disputes
among bookers, passengers and drivers. Therefore taxi booking project will came up with mobile based
system to solve those problems mentioned above by enabling the customer to book taxi and drivers to
receive booking order from the system anywhere in the town. This would enables that each customer
who made a booking is served within the shortest possible time, thus increases operational efficiency
and enhancing customer satisfaction. Drivers use voice recording instead of phone call because when
the drivers use phone call there might be danger even they use text-to-text response. But it is better to
use text-to-speech response for drivers. Therefore drivers will response to customers request by speech.

1.4 Objectives of the Study

1.4.1 General Objectives

The aim of this work is to design Taxi Booking apps to order taxi online with support for mobile devices
working on Android OS.

1.4.2 Specific Objectives

To plan the design and development of our system

To develop procedures for appropriate recording of passengers

To develop interactive and user friendly interface so that the user can easily book a taxi in few minutes
by doing few clicks.

Engage the customer to interact or introduce with the new technology.

Requirement gathering

Analyzing the existing system

Analyzes the requirement of the system

Designing the database

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Programming the functional units of the system.

1.5 Significance of the project

The significance of the study is to create android based taxi booking system that will provide services to
customers and easy to use. Some of the significant of the proposed system described as fallow:

Taxi Booking Application is the ideal taxi booking application for individuals on the go. This user-friendly
application offers convenience by allowing users to pre-set their favorite locations and journeys for their
taxi bookings. It even allows users to book a taxi at their current location. For ease of convenience,
users can also access and book from a list of completed trips.

Instead of dialing to the service center, taxi booking helps users deliver their requests directly to the
nearest taxi drivers through internet. It greatly saves the trouble calling to service center and waiting
reply from it.

Reduce waiting time

Book or cancel booking of taxi easily.

Customers can send pickup, drop off place and arrival time to the drivers

Taxi drivers can decline or accept the request

Avoids paper based or hand recording system.

It prevents to the user from stress and confusion

1.6 Existing Problems

1. Inefficient Manual Booking System

- Passengers must wait on the street for taxis or call drivers they already know, leading to wasted time
and uncertainty.

- Taxi drivers idle or roam aimlessly to find passengers, resulting in resource wastage (fuel, time).
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2. Lack of Real-Time Tracking

- No system for passengers to track the taxi’s location or status (e.g., arrival time), causing long waiting
times.

- Drivers cannot efficiently locate passengers, relying on voice calls or physical coordination.

3. No Standardized Pricing

- Fares are not calculated based on distance or time, leading to disputes between passengers and
drivers.

- Passengers often pay inflated prices due to the absence of transparent fare metrics.

4. Safety Concerns

- Drivers use voice calls or texts while driving, increasing the risk of accidents.

- No secure communication channel for passengers to verify driver credentials.

5. Geographical Limitations

- The system only operates within Durame town, excluding inter-town or long-distance rides.

- No integration with digital maps (e.g., Google Maps) to optimize routes or location tracking.

6. Absence of Online Payment

- Transactions are cash-based, increasing risks of theft or fraud.

- No option for digital payments limits convenience for tech-savvy users.

7. Ineffective Dispute Resolution

- Roadside booking often leads to conflicts over priority (e.g., multiple passengers competing for the
same taxi).

- No formal mechanism to address passenger/driver grievances.

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8. Operational Inefficiencies

- Drivers manually manage bookings, leading to missed opportunities or overlapping requests.

- Passengers cannot cancel or modify bookings easily once placed.

9. Technical Limitations

- The proposed system lacks integration with real-world infrastructure (e.g., GPS for dynamic routing).

- Reliance on basic Android SDK 2.3 may restrict compatibility with newer devices.

10. Documentation and Legal Gaps

- No standardized records for bookings, making accountability difficult.

- Legal frameworks for digital taxi services (e.g., licensing, data privacy) are unaddressed.

1.7 Expected Outcomes

- functional app with features for booking, tracking, and driver ratings.

Figure 1.7.1proposed software architecture

Subsystem Decomposition (Package Diagram of the system)

Subsystem decompositions will help reduce the complexity of the system. The
subsystems can be considered as packages holding related classes/objects.
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<<System>>
Taxi Booking

«Sub System»
«Sub System» «Sub System»
Adminstrator
Driver Passenger

«Sub System» «Component»

«Sub System» «Sub System» «Component»
Control Make Booking
Manage Driver Manage Taxi Show Booking
Booking

«Component»
Update Taxi «Component»
Status Update Booking
«Component» «Component» «Component»
Register Driver Register Taxi Show Booking
«Component» «component»
Confirm Booking Cancel Booking

«Component» «Component»
Update Driver Update Taxi
«Component»
«Component»
Check Delivery
Cancel Booking
«Component» «Component»
Delete Driver Delete Taxi

«Component» «Component»
View Driver info View Taxi info

1.8, Scope and Limitations of the study

Scope of the Study

Proposed system focus only on contract taxi on the following areas;

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Booking Procedure: passenger can book or order taxi by sending their pick up, drop of place, time and
date. Therefore anyone who has an android device can book taxi easily.

Driver Details to the Customer: The driver can send his details to the customer including taxi current
status.

Customer Details to the Driver: The passengers can book with required details of them and send to the
driver and they could check a confirmation message whether their request is accepted or denied by the
driver. The request is then sent to be nearby registered taxi drivers. Those drivers can choose to accept
or deny the request.

Location Tracking: The driver can track the current location of passengers easily when the passenger
send request by specifying starting location, destination and arrival time.

If multiple drivers intend to accept the request, only the first one who taps the accept button will be
able to take the order and lastly a confirmation message will be sent to the customer.

Instead of dialing to the service center, taxi booking helps users deliver their request directly to the
nearest drivers

Limitation of the Study

Just as any researcher is bonded and restricted to encounter some limitation, this project is faced with
the following limitations. This project is only limited to contract taxi service centre and will not
accommodate for higher officials and is also limited to transport within the town. Therefore, passengers
travelling are not possible outside the town and drivers will not be accommodated.

This project does not include online payment.

This project may not incorporate to the real system.

Restricted in areas.

It does not include digital map

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1.9 Feasibility Study

Technical Feasibility
To develop this application, an internet connection and a database server is required. The application is
going to be deployed and will be tested on android mobile phone, thereby making it technically feasible.

Operational feasibility

Our new system is operationally feasible and Operational Feasibility deals with the degree to which the
proposed application solves business problems. The proposed application will solve the problems in the
following ways.

By providing a new and reliable means to handling booking taxi.

By providing current location and appropriate confirmation for booking.

Better management of taxi.

Legal feasibility

Legal feasibility determines whether the proposed system conflicts with the legal requirement or not. A
project may face legal issues after completion if this factor is not considered at the first stage.

As a result our system is legal and doesn’t conflict with the law of the country; it works based on the rule
and regulation of the Ethiopian constitution.

Economic Feasibility

The application is economically feasible as it only requires an android device with Android SDK 2.3 or
higher and users should be able to connect to the internet either through cellular or Wi-Fi and should
able to receive messages. This would be the only cost incurred on the project and this project is
economically feasible; because the system is developed in low cost.
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2. Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

Existing apps like Uber and Bolt focus on urban cities but lack customization for small towns.

1.4 Related Works

The related work that we found is more related to location based services, although, we are not working
on location based, but it is better to define location based service before we mention the related works:
A location-based service (LBS) is a mobile application that is dependent on the location of a mobile
device, like mobile phone. Virrantaus et al [3] defined LBS services as follows: “Information services
accessible with mobile devices through the mobile network and utilizing the ability to make use of the
location of the mobile device “Open Geospatial Consortium” [4] defined LBS service similarly: and “A
wireless-IP service that uses geographic information to serve a mobile user, any application service that
exploits the position of a mobile terminal.” A LBS services can be used in a variety of contexts, such as
health, work, personal life, etc. LBS include services to identify the location of a person or object, such as
discovering the nearest banking cash machine or the where about of a friend or employee. LBS services
include parcel tracking and vehicle tracking services.

To jot down a specified set of accurate requirements, we reviewed some mobile applications present in
Android and iOS. Some apps such as CabGrab and CabSense start with showing your current location
which wastes certain amount of useful time. The user might not want a cab from his current location. An
application like myTaxi does not mention the Drop off address. The passenger is in a dilemma if the cab
would take him/her to the requested place once he is picked up. However, the app does provide a lot of
options like saving his preferences and card details. 13 Cabs is a good application which provides many
facilities like wheel chair/ scooter booking, finding points of interest and is not restricted to just cabs.
However, the app does not support horizontal orientation. TaxiMagic applications lists the cab services
along with their phone numbers around your place and the best way to reserve one is to call them,
which I wanted to avoid. On the funny side, Taxi Hold'em is one application which makes a whistling
sound when launched. Apparently, the app is to hail a cab with a whistle on a busy road. Taxi Mojo is
again an application that asks the user to call the cab service to get a cab [5].

Having a clear idea of what should not be done that frustrates the users and what should be done that
makes it easier for a common man to access the application, the next big thing was to decide a platform
to work on. Therefore we try to put the related works that we explored a lot in the form of table shortly.
11
 12

2.3. Gaps critique and ways you are going to tackle them

1. Urban-Centric App Design

- Existing apps (e.g., Uber, Bolt) focus on large cities and lack customization for small
towns like Durame.

2. Absence of Digital Maps

- Ethiopia lacks reliable digital maps (e.g., Google Maps), limiting location-based services
(LBS).

3. Manual Booking Inefficiencies

- Current systems rely on roadside hailing, phone calls, or physical coordination, leading
to wasted time and resource mismanagement.

4. Non-Transparent Pricing

- Fares are arbitrary, causing disputes between passengers and drivers.

5. Driver Safety Risks

- Drivers use phones for calls/texts while driving, increasing accident risks.

6. Limited Technical Infrastructure

- Older Android devices dominate the market, but many apps require newer OS versions.
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7.Lack of Online Payment Integration

- Cash transactions dominate, raising security and convenience concerns.

8. Legal Ambiguities

- No clear framework for digital taxi services (e.g., licensing, data privacy).

3. Materials and Methods.

3.1 Data Collection Methodology

Methods and methodology we done in these projects to collect essential information and requirements.
We used the following techniques to gather requirements and describing the proposed
applicationReview related works

Internet is our major source to gather information.

By Observing the existing problem

We always observe the place where taxi is found and by observing the actual work of taxi transportation
is how going to be available for the customers. The team also has seen that there is a traditional way
about taxi service for the people

By discussing and analyzing the problems with project team

To get the necessary information we have explored and analyzed written materials that describe the
operations conducted in Taxi booking to further strengthen and support the information that applied
the above technique.
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3.2 System Analysis and design

We decide to use object oriented system analysis and design methodology because of the following
reason:

Object-oriented techniques work well in situations where complicated systems are undergoing
contentious maintenance, adaptation and design

Simplicity: software objects model real world objects, so the complexity is reduced and the program
structure is very clear.

Reusability: the object oriented provides opportunities for reuse through the concepts of inheritance,
polymorphism, encapsulation and modularity.

Increased Quality: Increases in quality are largely a by-product of this program reuse.

Increased extensibility: -when we need to add new feature to the system we only need to make changes
in one part of the applicable class.

Maintainable: OOP methods make code more maintainable. Objects can be maintained separately,
making locating and fixing problems easier. The principles of good OOP design contribute to an
application's maintainability.

Modifiability: It is easy to make minor changes in the data representation or the procedures in an OO
program.
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Make booking
Register Taxi

Passen
Update booking ger

Update Taxi
<<includes>>
recieve
confirmation
<<includes>>

Remove Taxi
<<includes>>
cancel booking
Log In

<<includes>> <<includes>>
Register Driver

<<includes>> change status

<<includes>>
Admin
<<includes>>
<<includes>>
accept booking
Update Driver

<<includes>>

confirm booking
Remove Driver

Driver

Generate Report

show booking

Figure 3.2. 1 System use case diagram

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3.3 Implementation
During this phase physical design specification must be turned into working computer code, and provide
help for current and future users and take care of the system. And then the code is tested until most of
the errors have been detected and corrected. The purpose of this activity is to convert the final physical
system specification into working model with reliable software and hardware.

3.4 . Development Environment and Programming Tools

Software Requirements

For the development of this project, the following software requirements have been considered.

Operating System : Windows 7

Language : Android SDK 2.3.3 or above, Java

Database : MySQL version 5.1

Tools : Eclipse Juno IDE

Technologies : Java, MySQL, Android, XML,

Debugger : Android DDMS (Dalvik Debug Monitor Service), Android mobile device

Framework : Android SDK Version 2.3.3

Network : Mobile network and Internet (cellular or Wi-Fi)

Hardware Requirements

For the development of this project, the following hardware requirements have been considered.

Processor : Pentium IV or higher

RAM : 500 MB
 17

Space on disk : 250MB or higher

Device : Android phone with version 2.3 or higher

Space to execute : 3 MB

4. Project Plan

4.1 Timeline

- Months 1-2: Requirement gathering and design.

- Months 3-4: Development and testing.

- Month 5: Deployment and user training.

4.2 Budget

Tangible cost

Software development cost

Hardware development cost

Intangible cost

Man power cost

Total cost=man power cost + hardware ware cost + software ware cost

=280+13,290+7,500 =21,070

4.3 Team Research

Role. Name

Project Advisor MR Amanuel T

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Project Members Riyad Nurhusen

Siyamregn Girma