AE001

UNO KIT STARTER KIT

RFID LEARNING SUITE

V1.0.23.10.26

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 Preface
Our Company

KUONGSHUN Electronic Company is a supplier and manufacturer of electronic

components, it is committed to board and starter kit for Arduino, Raspberry PI, Smart
Robot Car, 3D printer. It is also a collection of scientific research, design, production,
maintenance and sales of high-tech enterprises, in the field of automation with
professional standards and mature technology, we rapid rise in the field of foreign
trade.
Relying on technology and development, continuing to provide users with high-tech
products, is our constant pursuit. Fully introduction of foreign advanced technology to
enhance the value of our products.
Company gains users' praise for supplying first-class quality product and superb
technical services, has now become the first choice of domestic and international
procurement company.

Official Website: https://www.kuongshun.com

Our Tutorial

This course and learning kit is designed for 8+ children and teenagers to Arduino-
compatible boards, shields, sensors, and components. If you just start making with
Arduino, this kit could provide the knowledge and components to create innovative
projects.

Through this kit, beginners can:

1. Learn how to use the Arduino control board. The Arduino board is the brain of
electronic projects. Mastering its usage is essential for learning electronics and
programming.
2. Learn the basics of C language. Arduino uses a simplified C/C++ programming
language to control electronic components. This kit will teach you the basics to get
started.

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3. Learn the usage of each electronic component. Components like LED, resistors,
sensors, and motors are the building blocks of electronic projects. You will learn what
each component does and how to use it.
4. Make many projects to practice your skills. From simple LED blinking to advanced
robotics, the projects in this kit cover a wide range. Doing projects is the best way to
learn.
5. Advance to create your own works. After learning the basics, you can get creative
by combining components in new ways. Some students have created innovative
projects and even applied for patents.
6. Build a solid foundation for future learning. The knowledge and experience you
gain here will benefit your future study in electronics, programming, and robotics.
The Arduino kit is a great start for the exciting technology journey ahead!

In summary, this Arduino learning kit is designed for beginners to get started with
basic electronics and programming in a fun, hands-on way. By following the tutorial,
students of all ages can learn skills that will unlock their potential in technology and
innovation.

Customer Service

As a continuous and fast growing technology company we keep striving our best to
offer you excellent products and quality service as to meet your expectation and you
can reach out to us by simply drop a line at [email protected] We look forward to
hearing from you and any of your critical comment or suggestion would be much
valuable to us.
And any of problems and questions you have with our products will be promptly
replied by our experienced engineers within 12 hours (24hrs during holiday)
we pursue the policy of "progressive, Truth, Rigorous and Unity", keeping innovation,
paying attention of technology as the core, committing to quality and putting
customer’s satisfaction on the priority, dedicated to provide you with the most cost-
effective high-tech products and attentive service.

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 Content
Lesson 0 InstallingIDE ..................................................................................................... 6
Lesson 1 Add Libraries and Open Serial Monitor ............................................................17
Lesson 2 Blink ...............................................................................................................26
Lesson 3 LED ................................................................................................................ 37
Lesson 4 Digital Inputs .................................................................................................. 44
Lesson 5 Active buzzer ..................................................................................................49
Lesson 6 Passive Buzzer ................................................................................................ 53
Lesson 7 Tilt Ball Switch ................................................................................................57
Lesson 8 Servo ..............................................................................................................61
Lesson 9 RGB LED Module .............................................................................................65
Lesson 10 Membrane Switch Module ............................................................................ 69
Lesson 11 DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor .....................................................74
Lesson 12 Analog Joystick Module .................................................................................80
Lesson 13 IR Receiver ................................................................................................... 85
Lesson 14 LED Dot Matrix Display ................................................................................. 90
Lesson 15 LM35 Temperature Sensor ............................................................................ 93
Lesson 16 Water Level Detection Sensor Module .......................................................... 96
Lesson 17 Real Time Clock Module ..............................................................................101
Lesson 18 Sound Sensor Module ................................................................................. 103
Lesson 19 RC522 RFID Module .................................................................................... 109
Lesson 20 LCD Display .................................................................................................114
Lesson 21 Eight LED with 74HC595 .............................................................................. 119
Lesson 22 The Serial Monitor ...................................................................................... 126
Lesson 23 Flame Sensor .............................................................................................. 131
Lesson 24 Photocell .................................................................................................... 134
Lesson 25 74HC595 And Segment Display ....................................................................139
Lesson 26 Four Digital Seven Segment Display .............................................................145
Lesson 27 Relay Module ............................................................................................. 150
Lesson 28 Stepper Motor ............................................................................................ 155

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 Lesson 0 Installing IDE

Introduction
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is the software side of the
Arduino platform.
In this lesson, you will learn how to setup your computer to use Arduino and how to
set about the lessons that follow.
The Arduino software that you will use to program your Arduino is available for
Windows, Mac and Linux. The installation process is different for all three platforms
and unfortunately there is a certain amount of manual work to install the software.

STEP 1: Go to https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software and find below page.

The version available at this website is usually the latest version, and the actual
version may be newer than the version in thepicture.

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STEP2：Download the development software that is compatible with the operating
system of your computer. Take Windows as an example here.

Click Windows Installer.

Click JUSTDOWNLOAD.

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Also version 1.8.0 is available in the material we provided, and the versions of our
materials are the latest versions when this course wasmade.

Installing Arduino (Windows)

Install Arduino with the exe. Installation package.

Click I Agree to see the following interface

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Click Next

You can press Browse… to choose an installation path or directly type in the
directory you want.

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Click Install to initiate installation

Finally, the following interface appears, click Install to finish the installation.

Next, the following icon appears on thedesktop

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Double-click to enter the desired developmentenvironment

You may directly choose the installation package for installation and skip the
contents below and jump to the next section. But if you want to learn some methods
other than the installation package, please continue to read the section.
Unzip the zip file downloaded, Double-click to open the program and enter the
desired development environment

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However, this installation method needs separate installation of driver.

The Arduino folder contains both the Arduino program itself and the drivers that
allow the Arduino to be connected to your computer by a USB cable. Before we
launch the Arduino software, you are going to install the USB drivers.
Plug one end of your USB cable into the Arduino and the other into a USB socket on
your computer. The power light on the LED will light up and you may get a 'Found
New Hardware' message from Windows. Ignore this message and cancel any
attempts that Windows makes to try and install drivers automatically for you.
The most reliable method of installing the USB drivers is to use the Device Manager.
This is accessed in different ways depending on your version of Windows. In
Windows 7, you first have to open the Control Panel, then select the option to view
Icons, and you should find the Device Manager in thelist.
Under ‘Other Devices’, you should see an icon for ‘unknown device’ with a little
yellow warning triangle next to it. This is yourArduino.

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Right-click on the device and select the top menu option (Update Driver Software...).
You will then be prompted to either ‘Search Automatically for updated driver
software’ or ‘Browse my computer for driver software’. Select the option to browse
and navigate to the X\arduino1.8.0\drivers.

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Click 'Next' and you may get a security warning, if so, allow the software to be
installed. Once the software has been installed, you will get a confirmation message.

Windows users may skip the installation directions for Mac and Linux systems and
jump to Lesson 1. Mac and Linux users may continue to read thissection.

Installing Arduino (Mac OS X)

Download and Unzip the zip file, double click the Arduino.app to enter Arduino IDE;
the system will ask you to install Java runtime library if you don’t have it in your
computer. Once the installation is complete you can run the Arduino IDE.

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Installing Arduino (Linux)

You will have to use the make install command. If you are using the Ubuntu system, it is
recommended to install Arduino IDE from the software center of Ubuntu.

TIPS: If you have problems in installing the drivers, please refer to the UNO R3,
MEGA, NANO DRIVER FAQ.

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 Lesson 1 Add Libraries and Open Serial Monitor

Installing Additional Arduino Libraries

Once you are comfortable with the Arduino software and using the built-in functions,
you may want to extend the ability of your Arduino with additional libraries.

What are Libraries?

Libraries are a collection of code that makes it easy for you to connect to a sensor,
display, module, etc. For example, the built-in LiquidCrystal library makes it easy to
talk to character LCD displays. There are hundreds of additional libraries available on
the Internet for download. The built-in libraries and some of these additional
libraries are listed in the reference. To use the additional libraries, you will need to
install them.

How to Install a Library

Using the Library Manager
To install a new library into your Arduino IDE you can use the Library Manager
(available from IDE version 1.8.0). Open the IDE and click to the "Sketch" menu and
then Include Library > Manage Libraries.

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Then the library manager will open and you will find a list of libraries that are already installed
or ready for installation. In this example we will install the Bridge library. Scroll the list to
find it, then select the version of the library you want to install. Sometimes only one
version of the library is available. If the version selection menu does not appear, don't worry:
it is normal.
There are times you have to be patient with it, just as shown in the figure. Please refresh it and
wait.

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Finally click on install and wait for the IDE to install the new library. Downloading
may take time depending on your connection speed. Once it has finished, an
Installed tag should appear next to the Bridge library. You can close the library
manager.

You can now find the new library available in the Include Library menu. If you want
to add your own library open a new issue onGithub.

Importing a .zip Library

Libraries are often distributed as a ZIP file or folder. The name of the folder is the
name of the library. Inside the folder will be a .cpp file, a .h file and often a
keywords.txt file, examples folder, and other files required by the library. Starting
with version 1.0.5, you can install 3rd party libraries in the IDE. Do not unzip the
downloaded library, leave it as is.
In the Arduino IDE, navigate to Sketch > Include Library. At the top of the drop down
list, select the option to "Add .ZIPLibrary''.

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You will be prompted to select the library you would like to add. Navigate to the .zip
file's location and open it.

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Return to the Sketch > Import Library menu. You should now see the library at the
bottom of the drop-down menu. It is ready to be used in your sketch. The zip file
will have been expanded in the libraries folder in your Arduino sketches directory. NB:
the Library will be available to use in sketches, but examples for the librarywill not be
exposed in the File > Examples until after the IDE has restarted.
Those two are the most common approaches. MAC and Linux systems can be
handled likewise. The manual installation to be introduced below as an alternative
may be seldom used and users with no needs may skip it.

Manual installation

To install the library, first quit the Arduino application. Then uncompress the ZIP file
containing the library. For example, if you're installing a library called "ArduinoParty",

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uncompress ArduinoParty.zip. It should contain a folder called ArduinoParty, with
files like ArduinoParty.cpp and ArduinoParty.h inside. (If the .cpp and .h files aren't in
a folder, you'll need to create one. In this case, you'd make a folder called
"ArduinoParty" and move into it all the files that were in the ZIP file, like
ArduinoParty.cpp and ArduinoParty.h.)
Drag the ArduinoParty folder into this folder (your libraries folder). Under Windows,
it will likely be called "My Documents\Arduino\libraries". For Mac users, it will likely
be called "Documents/Arduino/libraries". On Linux, it will be the "libraries" folder in
your sketchbook.

Your Arduino library folder should now look like this (onWindows):
My Documents\Arduino\libraries\ArduinoParty\ArduinoParty.cpp
My Documents\Arduino\libraries\ArduinoParty\ArduinoParty.h
MyDocuments\Arduino\libraries\ArduinoParty\examples
or like this (on Mac and Linux):
Documents/Arduino/libraries/ArduinoParty/ArduinoParty.cpp
Documents/Arduino/libraries/ArduinoParty/ArduinoParty.h
Documents/Arduino/libraries/ArduinoParty/examples
....

There may be more files than just the .cpp and .h files, just make sure they're all
there. (The library won't work if you put the .cpp and .h files directly into the
libraries folder or if they're nested in an extra folder. For example:
Documents\Arduino\libraries\ArduinoParty.cpp and
Documents\Arduino\libraries\ArduinoParty\ArduinoParty\ArduinoParty.cpp won't
work.)
Restart the Arduino application. Make sure the new library appears in the Sketch-
>Import Library menu item of the software. That's it! You've installed a library!

Arduino Serial Monitor (Windows, Mac, Linux)

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is the software side of the
Arduino platform. And, because using a terminal is such a big part of working with

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Arduinos and other micro controllers, they decided to include a serial terminal with the
software. Within the Arduino environment, this is called the Serial Monitor.

Making a Connection
Serial monitor comes with any and all version of the Arduino IDE. To open it, simply
click the Serial Monitor icon.

Selecting which port to open in the Serial Monitor is the same as selecting a port for
uploading Arduino code. Go to Tools -> Serial Port, and select the correct port.
Tips: Choose the same COM port that you have in DeviceManager.

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Once open, you should see something likethis:

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Settings

The Serial Monitor has limited settings, but enough to handle most of your serial
communication needs. The first setting you can alter is the baud rate. Click on the
baud rate drop-down menu to select the correct baud rate. (9600 baud)

Last, you can set the terminal to Autoscroll or not by checking the box in the bottom
left corner.

Pros
The Serial Monitor is a great quick and easy way to establish a serial connection with
your Arduino. If you’re already working in the Arduino IDE, there’s really no need to
open up a separate terminal to display data.
Cons
The lack of settings leaves much to be desired in the Serial Monitor, and, for
advanced serial communications, it may not do thetrick.

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 Lesson 2 Blink

Overview

In this lesson, you will learn how to program your UNO R3 controller board to blink
the Arduino’s built-in LED, and how to download programs by basic steps.

Component Required:

(1)x KUONGSHUN UNO R3

Principle
The UNO R3 board has rows of connectors along both sides that are used to connect
to several electronic devices and plug-in 'shields' that extends its capability. It also
has a single LED that you can control from your sketches. This LED is built onto the
UNO R3 board and is often referred to as the 'L' LED as this is how it is labeled on the
board.

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You may find that your UNO R3 board's 'L' LED already blink when you connect it to a
USB plug. This is because the boards are generally shipped with the 'Blink' sketch
pre-installed.
In this lesson, we will reprogram the UNO R3 board with our own Blink sketch and
then change the rate at which it blink.
In Lesson 0, you set up your Arduino IDE and made sure that you could find the right
serial port for it to connect to your UNO R3 board. The time has now come to put
that connection to the test and program your UNO R3board.
The Arduino IDE includes a large collection of example sketches that you can load up
and use. This includes an example sketch for making the 'L' LED blink.
Load the 'Blink' sketch that you will find in the IDE's menu system under File >
Examples > 01.Basics

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When the sketch window opens, enlarge it so that you can see the entire sketch in the
window.

The example sketches included with the Arduino IDE are 'read-only'. That is, you can
upload them to an UNO R3 board, but if you change them, you cannot save them as
the same file.
Since we are going to change this sketch, the first thing you need to do is save your
own copy.
From the File menu on the Arduino IDE, select 'Save As..' and then save the sketch
with the name 'MyBlink'.

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You have saved your copy of 'Blink' in your sketchbook. This means that if you ever
want to find it again, you can just open it using the File > Sketchbook menu option.

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Attach your Arduino board to your computer with the USB cable and check that the
'Board Type' and 'Serial Port' are set correctly.

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Note: The Board Type and Serial Port here are not necessarily the same as shown in
picture. If you are using 2560, then you will have to choose Mega 2560 as the
Board Type, other choices can be made in the same manner. And the Serial Port
displayed for everyone is different, despite COM 26 chosen here, it could be COM3
or COM4 on your computer. A right COM port is supposed to be COMX (arduino
XXX), which is by the certificationcriteria.

The Arduino IDE will show you the current settings for board at the bottom of the
window.

Click on the 'Upload' button. The second button from the left on the toolbar.

If you watch the status area of the IDE, you will see a progress bar and a series of
messages. At first, it will say 'Compiling Sketch...'. This converts the sketch into a
format suitable for uploading to the board.

Next, the status will change to 'Uploading'. At this point, the LEDs on the Arduino
should start to flicker as the sketch istransferred.

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Finally, the staus will change to 'Done'.

The other message tells us that the sketch is using 928 bytes of the 32,256 bytes
available.After the 'Compiling Sketch..' stage you could get the following error
message:

It can mean that your board is not connected at all, or the drivers have not been
installed (if necessary) or that the wrong serial port is selected.
If you encounter this, go back to Lesson 0 and check yourinstallation.
Once the upload has completed, the board should restart and startblinking. Open
the code

Note that a huge part of this sketch is composed of comments. These are not actual
program instructions; rather, they just explain how the program worKUONGSHUN.
They are there for your benefit.
Everything between /* and */ at the top of the sketch is a block comment; it explains
what the sketch is for.

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Single line comments start with // and everything up until the end of that line is
considered a comment.
The first line of code is: int led = 13;
As the comment above it explains, this is giving a name to the pin that the LED is
attached to. This is 13 on most Arduinos, including the UNO and Leonardo.
Next, we have the 'setup' function. Again, as the comment says, this is executed
when the reset button is pressed. It is also executed whenever the board resets for
any reason, such as power first being applied to it, or after a sketch has been
uploaded.
void setup() {
// initialize the digital pin as an output. pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
}
Every Arduino sketch must have a 'setup' function, and the place where you might
want to add instructions of your own is between the { and the }.
In this case, there is just one command there, which, as the comment states tells
the Arduino board that we are going to use the LED pin as an output.
It is also mandatory for a sketch to have a 'loop' function. Unlike the 'setup' function
that only runs once, after a reset, the 'loop' function will, after it has finished running
its commands, immediately start again.
void loop() {
digitalWrite(led, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(led, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltageLOW
delay(1000); // wait for a second
}

Inside the loop function, the commands first of all turn the LED pin on (HIGH), then
'delay' for 1000 milliseconds (1 second), then turn the LED pin off and pause for
another second.
You are now going to make your LED blink faster. As you might have guessed, the
key to this lies in changing the parameter in () for the 'delay' command.

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This delay period is in milliseconds, so if you want the LED to blink twice as fast,
change the value from 1000 to 500. This would then pause for half a second each
delay rather than a whole second.
Upload the sketch again and you should see the LED start to blink more quickly.

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 Lesson 3 LED

Overview
In this lesson, you will learn how to change the brightness of an LED by using
different values of resistor.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x 5mm red LED
(1) x 220 ohm resistor
(1) x 1k ohm resistor
(1) x 10k ohm resistor
(2) x M-M wires (Male to Male jumper wires)

Component Introduction
BREADBOARD MB-102：
A breadboard enables you to prototype circuits quickly, without having to solder the
connections. Below is an example.

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Breadboards come in various sizes and configurations. The simplest kind is just a grid of
holes in a plastic block. Inside are strips of metal that provide electrical connection
between holes in the shorter rows. Pushing the legs of two different components into the
same row joins them together electrically. A deep channel running down the middle
indicates that there is a break in connections there, meaning, you can push a chip in with
the legs at either side of the channel without connecting them together. Some breadboards
have two strips of holes running along the long edges of the board that are separated from
the main grid. These have strips running down the length of the board inside and provide a
way to connect a common voltage. They are usually in pairs for +5 volts and ground. These
strips are referred to as rails and they enable you to connect power to many components or
points in the board.
While breadboards are great for prototyping, they have some limitations. Because
the connections are push-fit and temporary, they are not as reliable as soldered
connections. If you are having intermittent problems with a circuit, it could be due
to a poor connection on a breadboard.

LED:
LEDs make great indicator lights. They use very little electricity and they pretty much
last forever.
In this lesson, you will use perhaps the most common of all LEDs: a 5mm red LED.
5mm refers to the diameter of the LED. Other common sizes are 3mm and10mm.
You cannot directly connect an LED to a battery or voltage source because 1) the
LED has a positive and a negative lead and will not light if placed the wrong way and
2) an LED must be used with a resistor to limit or 'choke' the amount of current
flowing through it; otherwise, it will burn out!

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If you do not use a resistor with an LED, then it may well be destroyed almost immediately,
as too much current will flow through, heating it and destroying the 'junction' where the
light is produced.
There are two ways to tell which is the positive lead of the LED and which the
negative.
Firstly, the positive lead is longer.
Secondly, where the negative lead enters the body of the LED, there is a flat edge to
the case of the LED.
If you happen to have an LED that has a flat side next to the longer lead, you should
assume that the longer lead is positive.

RESISTORS:
As the name suggests, resistors resist the flow of electricity. The higher the value of
the resistor, the more it resists and the less electrical current will flow through it.
We are going to use this to control how much electricity flows through the LED and
therefore, how brightly it shines.

But first, more about resistors...

The unit of resistance is called the Ohm, which is usually shortened to Ω the Greek
letter Omega. Because an Ohm is a low value of resistance (it doesn't resist much at
all), we also denote the values of resistors in kΩ (1,000 Ω) and MΩ (1,000,000 Ω).
These are called kilo-ohms and mega-ohms.
In this lesson, we are going to use three different values of resistor: 220Ω, 1kΩ and
10kΩ. These resistors all look the same, except that they have different colored
stripes on them. These stripes tell you the value of theresistor.
The resistor color code has three colored stripes and then a gold stripe at one end.

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Unlike LEDs, resistors do not have a positive and negative lead. They can be
connected either way around.
If you find this approach method too complicated, you can read the color ring flag
on our resistors directly to determine its resistance value. Or you may use a digital
multimeter instead.

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Connection

Schematic

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Wiring diagram

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The UNO is a convenient source of 5 volts, which we will use to provide power to the LED
and the resistor. You do not need to do anything with your UNO, except to plug it into a USB
cable.
With the 220 Ω resistor in place, the LED should be quite bright. If you swap out the
220 Ω resistor for the 1kΩ resistor, then the LED will appear a little dimmer.Finally,
with the 10 kΩ resistor in place, the LED will be just about visible. Pull the red jumper
lead out of the breadboard and touch it into the hole and remove it, so that it acts
like a switch. You should just be able to notice the difference.

At the moment, you have 5V going to one leg of the resistor, the other leg of the
resistor going to the positive side of the LED and the other side of the LED going to
GND. However, if we moved the resistor so that it came after the LED, as shown
below, the LED will still light.
You will probably want to put the 220Ω resistor back inplace.

It does not matter which side of the LED we put the resistor, as long as it is there
somewhere

Example picture

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 Lesson 4 Digital Inputs

Overview
In this lesson, you will learn to use push buttons with digital inputs to turn an LED on
and off.
Pressing the button will turn the LED on; pressing the other button will turn the LED
off.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x 830 Tie-points Breadboard
(1) x 5mm red LED
(1) x 220 ohm resistor
(1) x push switches
(7) x M-M wires (Male to Male jumper wires)

Component Introduction
PUSH SWITCHES:
Switches are really simple components. When you press a button or flip a lever, they
connect two contacts together so that electricity can flow through them.
The little tactile switches that are used in this lesson have four connections, which
can be a little confusing.

Actually, there are only really two electrical connections. Inside the switch package,
pins B and C are connected together, as are A and D.

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Connection

Schematic

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Wiring diagram

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Although the bodies of the switches are square, the pins protrude from opposite sides of
the switch. This means that the pins will only be far enough apart when they are placed
correctly on the breadboard.
Remember that the LED has to have the shorter negative lead to the left.

Code
After wiring ， please open program in the code folder- Lesson 5 Digital Inputs, and
press UPLOAD to upload the program. If errors are prompted, see Lesson 2 for
details about the tutorial on program upload.

Load the sketch onto your UNO board. Pressing the left button will turn the LED on
while pressing the right button will turn it off.
The first part of the sketch defines three variables for the three pins that are to be
used. The 'ledPin' is the output pin and 'button A pin' will refer to the switch nearer
the top of the breadboard and 'button B pin' to the other switch.
The 'setup' function defines the ledPin as being an OUTPUT as normal, but now we
have the two inputs to deal with. In this case, we use the set the pinMode to be
'INPUT_PULLUP' like this:
pinMode(buttonApin, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(buttonBpin, INPUT_PULLUP);
The pin mode of INPUT_PULLUP means that the pin is to be used as an input, but
that if nothing else is connected to the input, it should be 'pulled up' to HIGH. In
other words, the default value for the input is HIGH, unless it is pulled LOW by the
action of pressing the button.
This is why the switches are connected to GND. When a switch is pressed, it connects
the input pin to GND, so that it is no longer HIGH.
Since the input is normally HIGH and only goes LOW when the button is pressed, the
logic is a little upside down. We will handle this in the 'loop' function.
void loop()
{
if (digitalRead(buttonApin) == LOW)
{
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
}
if (digitalRead(buttonBpin) == LOW)

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 {
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
}
}
In the 'loop' function there are two 'if' statements. One for each button. Each does
an 'digitalRead' on the appropriate input.
Remember that if the button is pressed, the corresponding input will be LOW, if
button A is low, then a 'digitalWrite' on the led Pin turns iton.
Similarly, if button B is pressed, a LOW is written to theled Pin.

Example picture

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 Lesson 5 Active buzzer

Overview
In this lesson, you will learn how to generate a sound with an active buzzer.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x Active buzzer
(2) x F-M wires (Female to Male DuPont wires)

Component Introduction
BUZZER:
Electronic buzzers are DC-powered and equipped with an integrated circuit. They are
widely used in computers, printers, photocopiers, alarms, electronic toys,
automotive electronic devices, telephones, timers and other electronic products for
voice devices. Buzzers can be categorized as active and passive ones. Turn the pins
of two buzzers face up. The one with a green circuit board is a passive buzzer, while
the other enclosed with a black tape is an activeone.
The difference between the two is that an active buzzer has a built-in oscillating
source, so it will generate a sound when electrified. A passive buzzer does not have
such a source so it will not tweet if DC signals are used; instead, you need to use
square waves whose frequency is between 2K and 5K to drive it. The active buzzer is
often more expensive than the passive one because of multiple built-in oscillating
circuits.

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Connection

Schematic

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Wiring diagram

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Code
After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 6 Making Sounds
and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program
uploading if there are any errors.

Example picture

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 Lesson 6 Passive Buzzer

Overview
In this lesson, you will learn how to use a passive buzzer.
The purpose of the experiment is to generate eight different sounds, each sound
lasting 0.5 seconds: from Alto Do (523Hz), Re (587Hz), Mi (659Hz), Fa (698Hz), So
(784Hz), La (880Hz), Si (988Hz) to Treble Do (1047Hz).

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x Passive buzzer
(2) x F-M wires (Female to Male DuPont wires)

Component Introduction
Passive Buzzer:
The working principle of passive buzzer is using PWM generating audio to make the
air to vibrate. Appropriately changed as long as the vibration frequency, it can
generate different sounds. For example, sending a pulse of 523Hz, it can generate
Alto Do, pulse of 587Hz, it can generate midrange Re, pulse of 659Hz, it can produce
midrange Mi. By the buzzer, you can play a song.
We should be careful not to use the UNO R3 board analog Write () function to
generate a pulse to the buzzer, because the pulse output of analog Write () is fixed
(500Hz).

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Connection
Schematic

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Wiring diagram

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Wiring the buzzer connected to the UNO R3 board, the red (positive) to the pin8, black wire
(negative) to the GND.

Code
After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 7 Passive Buzzer and
click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program
uploading if there are anyerrors.
Before you can run this, make sure that you have installed the <pitches> library or
re-install it, if necessary. Otherwise, your code won't work.
For details about loading the library file, see Lesson1.

Example picture

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 Lesson 7 Tilt Ball Switch

Overview
In this lesson, you will learn how to use a tilt ball switch in order to detect small
angle of inclination.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x Tilt Ball switch
(2) x F-M wires (Female to Male DuPont wires)

Component Introduction
Tilt sensor:
Tilt sensors (tilt ball switch) allow you to detect orientation or inclination. They are
small, inexpensive, low-power and easy-to-use. If used properly, they will not wear
out. Their simplicity makes them popular for toys, gadgets and appliances.
Sometimes, they are referred to as "mercury switches", "tilt switches" or "rolling
ball sensors" for obvious reasons.
They are usually made up of a cavity of some sort (cylindrical is popular, although
not always) with a conductive free mass inside, such as a blob of mercury or rolling
ball. One end of the cavity has two conductive elements (poles). When the sensor is
oriented so that that end is downwards, the mass rolls onto the poles and shorts
them, acting as a switch throw.
While not as precise or flexible as a full accelerometer, tilt switches can detect
motion or orientation. Another benefit is that the big ones can switch power on
their own. Accelerometers, on the other hand, output digital or analog voltage that
must then be analyzed using extra circuitry.

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Connection
Schematic

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Wiring diagram

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Code

After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 8 Ball Switch and
click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program
uploading if there are anyerrors.

Example picture

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 Lesson 8 Servo

Overview
Servo is a type of geared motor that can only rotate 180 degrees. It is controlled by
sending electrical pulses from your UNO R3 board. These pulses tell the servo what
position it should move to. The Servo has three wires, of which the brown one is the
ground wire and should be connected to the GND port of UNO, the red one is the
power wire and should be connected to the 5v port, and the orange one is the signal
wire and should be connected to the Dig #9 port.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(2) x Servo (SG90)
(3) x M-M wires (Male to Male jumper wires)

Component Introduction
SG90
 Universal for JR and FP connector
 Cable length : 25cm
 No load; Operating speed: 0.12 sec / 60 degree (4.8V), 0.10 sec / 60 degree (6.0V)
 Stall torque (4.8V): 1.6kg/cm
 Temperature : -30~60'C
 Dead band width: 5us
 Working voltage: 3.5~6V
 Dimension : 1.26 in x 1.18 in x 0.47 in (3.2 cm x 3 cm x 1.2 cm)
 Weight : 4.73 oz (134 g)


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Connection
Schematic

Schematic

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Wiring diagram

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Code
After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 9 Servo and click
UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if
there are anyerrors.
Before you can run this, make sure that you have installed the < Servo> library or re-
install it, if necessary. Otherwise, your code won't work.
For details about loading the library file, see Lesson1.

Example picture
In the picture, the brown wire of servo is adapted via the black M-M wires, the red
one is adapted via the red M-M wires, and the orange one is adapted via the yellow
M-M wires.

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 Lesson 9 RGB LED Module

Overview
In this experiment, we will learn how to use RGB LED module. RGB LED module is
made from a patch of full-color LED. By adjusting the voltage input of R, G, B pins, we
can adjust the strength of the three primary colors (red/blue/green) so as to
implementation result of full color effect.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x RGB LED Module
(4) x F-M wires (Female to Male DuPont wires)

Component Introduction
RGB LED Module

RGB-LED with clear lens and built-in 150 ohm series resistor for 5 V operation.

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Connection Schematic

Wiring diagram

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Example picture

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 Lesson 10 Membrane Switch Module

Overview
In this project, we will go over how to integrate a keyboard with an UNO R3 board so that the UNO R3
can read the keys being pressed by a user.
Keypads are used in all types of devices, including cell phones, fax machines, microwaves, ovens, door
lock, etc. They're practically everywhere. Tons of electronic devices use them for user input.
So knowing how to connect a keypad to a micro controller such as an UNO R3 board is very valuable for
building many different types of commercial products.
At the end when all is connected properly and programmed, when a key is pressed, it shows up at the
Serial Monitor on your computer. Whenever you press a key, it shows up on the Serial Monitor. For
simplicity purposes, we start at simply showing the key pressed on the computer.
For this project, the type of keypad we will use is a matrix keypad. This is a keypad that follows an
encoding scheme that allows it to have much less output pins than there are keys. For example, the
matrix keypad we are using has 16 keys (0-9, A-D,
*, #), yet only 8 output pins. With a linear keypad, there would have to be 17 output pins (one for each
key and a ground pin) in order to work. The matrix encoding scheme allows for less output pins and
thus much less connections that have to make for the keypad to work. In this way, they are more
efficient than linear keypads, being that they have less wiring.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x Membrane switch module
(8) x M-M wires (Male to Male jumper wires)

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Module Schematic

Module PCB

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Connection
Schematic

Wiring diagram

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When connecting the pins to the UNO R3 board, we connect them to the digital output
pins, D9-D2. We connect the first pin of the keypad to D9, the second pinto D8, the third pin
to D7, the fourth pin to D6, the fifth pin to D5, the sixth pin to D4, the seventh pin to D3, and
the eighth pin toD2.
These are the connections in a table:

Code
After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 11 Membrane
Switch Module and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details
about program uploading if there are any errors.
Before you can run this, make sure that you have installed the < Keypad> library or
re-install it, if necessary. Otherwise, your code won't work.
For details about loading the library file, see Lesson1.
Example picture

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 With this code, once we press a key on the keypad, it should show up on the serial monitor
of the Arduino software once the code is compiled and uploaded to the UNO R3 board.
Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics about the serial
monitor are introduced in details in Lesson1.

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 Lesson 11 DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor

Overview
In this tutorial we will learn how to use a DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor.
It’s accurate enough for most projects that need to keep track of humidity and
temperature readings.
Again we will be using a Library specifically designed for these sensors that will make
our code short and easy to write.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x DHT11 Temperature and Humiditymodule
(3) x F-M wires (Female to Male DuPontwires)

Component Introduction
Temp and humidity sensor:

DHT11 digital temperature and humidity sensor is a composite Sensor which

contains a calibrated digital signal output of the temperature and humidity. The
dedicated digital modules collection technology and the temperature and humidity
sensing technology are applied to ensure that the product has high reliability and

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excellent long-term stability. The sensor includes a resistive sense of wet components and a
NTC temperature measurement devices, and connects with a high-performance 8-bit micro
controller.
Applications: HVAC, dehumidifier, testing and inspection equipment, consumer
goods, automotive, automatic control, data loggers, weather stations, home
appliances, humidity regulator, medical and other humidity measurement and
control.
Product parameters
Relative humidity: Resolution: 16Bit Repeatability: ±1% RH
Accuracy: At 25℃ ±5%RH

Interchangeability: fully interchangeable Response time: 1 / e (63%) of 25℃ 6s

1m / s air 6s Hysteresis: <± 0.3% RH

Long-term stability: <± 0.5% RH / yr in Temperature:
Resolution: 16Bit Repeatability: ±0.2℃ Range: At 25℃ ±2℃

Response time: 1 / e (63%) 10S Electrical Characteristics Power supply: DC 3.5～5.5V

Supply Current: measurement 0.3mA standby60μA Sampling period: more than 2
seconds
Pin Description:
1. the VDD power supply 3.5～5.5V DC
2. DATA serial data, a single bus
3. NC, empty pin
4. GND ground, the negative power

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Connection
Schematic

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77 / 162
As you can see we only need 3 connections to the sensor, since one of the pin is not used.
The connections are: Voltage, Ground and Signal which can be connected to any Pin
on our UNO.

Code
After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 12 DHT11
Temperature and Humidity Sensor and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See
Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there are any errors.
Before you can run this, make sure that you have installed the < SimpleDHT> library
or re-install it, if necessary. Otherwise, your code won't work.
For details about the tutorial on the loading of library file, see Lesson 1

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Upload the program then open the monitor, we can see the data as below: (It shows the
temperature of the environment, we can see it is 22 degree)
Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics about the serial
monitor are introduced in details in Lesson1.

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 Lesson 12 Analog Joystick Module

Overview
Analog joystick are a great way to add some control in your projects. In this tutorial
we will learn how to use the analog joystick module.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x Joystick module
(5) x F-M wires (Female to Male DuPontwires)

Component Introduction
Joystick
The module has 5 pins: VCC, Ground, X, Y, Key. Note that the labels on yours may
be slightly different, depending on where you got the module from. The thumb stick is
analog and should provide more accurate readings than simple ‘directional’ joystick
tact use some forms of buttons, or mechanical switches. Additionally, you can press
the joystick down (rather hard on mine) to activate a ‘press to select’ push- button.
We have to use analog Arduino pins to read the data from the X/Y pins, and a digital
pin to read the button. The Key pin is connected to ground, when the joystick is
pressed down, and is floating otherwise. To get stable readings from the Key /Select
pin, it needs to be connected to VCC via a pull-up resistor. The built in resistors on
the Arduino digital pins can be used. For a tutorial on how to activate the pull-up
resistors for Arduino pins, configured asinputs

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 Connection
Schematic

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Wiring diagram

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We need 5 connections to the joystick.
The connections are: Key, Y, X, Voltage and Ground.
“Y and X” are Analog and “Key” is Digital. If you don’t need the
switch then you can use only 4 pins.

Code
After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 13 Analog Joystick
Module and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about
program uploading if there are any errors.
Analog joystick are basically potentiometers so they return analog values.
When the joystick is in the resting position or middle, it should return a value of
about 512.
The range of values goes from 0 to 1024.

Example picture

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Open the monitor then you can see the data asblow:
Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics about the serial
monitor are introduced in details in Lesson1.

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 Lesson 13 IR Receiver

Overview
Using an IR Remote is a great way to have wireless control of your project.
Infrared remotes are simple and easy to use. In this tutorial we will be connecting
the IR receiver to the UNO, and then use a Library that was designed for this
particular sensor.
In our sketch we will have all the IR Hexadecimal codes that are available on this
remote, we will also detect if the code was recognized and also if we are holding
down a key.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x IR receiver
(1) x IR remote(If you buy a kit without batteries, you will need to prepare a CR2025
coin cell battery on your own)
(1) x 830 Tie Points Breadboard
(3) x M-M wires (Female to Male Jumper Wires))

Component Introduction
IR RECEIVER SENSOR:
IR detectors are little microchips with a photocell that are tuned to listen to infrared
light. They are almost always used for remote control detection - every TV and DVD
player has one of these in the front to listen for the IR signal from the clicker. Inside
the remote control is a matching IR LED, which emits IR pulses to tell the TV to turn
on, off or change channels. IR light is not visible to the human eye, which means it
takes a little more work to test a setup.

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There are a few difference between these and say a CdS Photocells:
IR detectors are specially filtered for IR light, they are not good at detecting visible
light. On the other hand, photocells are good at detecting yellow/green visible light,
and are not good at IR light.
IR detectors have a demodulator inside that look for modulated IR at 38 KHz. Just
shining an IR LED won't be detected, it has to be PWM blinking at 38KHz. Photocells
do not have any sort of demodulator and can detect any frequency (including DC)
within the response speed of the photocell (which is about 1KHz) IR detectors are
digital out - either they detect 38KHz IR signal and output low (0V) or they do not
detect any and output high (5V). Photocells act like resistors, the resistance
changes depending on how much light they are exposed to.
What You Can Measure

As you can see from these data sheet graphs, the peak frequency detection is at 38
KHz and the peak LED color is 940 nm. You can use from about 35 KHz to 41 KHz but
the sensitivity will drop off so that it won't detect as well from afar. Likewise, you
can use 850 to 1100 nm LEDs but they won't work as well as 900 to 1000nm so make
sure to get matching LEDs! Check the data sheet for your IR LED to verify the
wavelength.
Try to get a 940nm - remember that 940nm is not visiblelight!

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Connection
Schematic

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Wiring diagram

The IR receiver header has three pins as shown below:

There are 3 connections to the IR Receiver.

The connections are: Signal, Voltage and Ground.

The “GND” is the Ground, “VOUT” is signal, and “VCC” pin is Voltage 5V.

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Code
After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 14 IR Receiver Module
and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program
uploading if there are anyerrors.
Before you can run this, make sure that you have installed the < IRremote > library or
re-install it, if necessary. Otherwise, your code won't work.
For details about loading the library file, see Lesson1.

Next we will move the <RobotIRremote> out of the Library folder, we do this
because that library conflicts with the one we will be using. You can just drag it back
inside the library folder once you are done programming your micro controller.
Once you have installed the Library, just go ahead and restart your IDE Software.

Open the monitor then you can see the data asblow:
Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics about the serial
monitor are introduced in details in Lesson1.

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 Lesson 14 LED Dot Matrix Display

Overview
In the previous lessons, we learned the basic principles of the LED and digital tube. In
this section, we will learn the 8*8 LED Matrix.The dot-matrix and the digital tube,
LED have something in common because they are all LED. From the previous study,
we know that the digital tube can display different numbers, but if we want to show
all kinds of patterns, the digital tube can not reach our target, and we need the LED
matrix instead. When you walk down the street, the various LED neon billboards you
see are N x N dots. Now we show the information below.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x 8x8 Red 64 LED Dot Matrix Displays
(16) x F-M wires (Female to Male DuPont wires)

Component Introduction
8*8 LED Dot Matrix Display

For 8x8 dot matrix, there are 16-pin dot matrix and 24-pin dot matrix according to
common pin definitions, and only 16 pins are required for control of 8 x 8 columns.

The following is a pinout of the 8x8 dot matrix in our kit. The monochrome dot
matrix does not differentiate between common cathode and common sun types. The
blacked out LED is the positive terminal.

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Connection Schematic

Wiring diagram

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Code
Program Interpretation : Open the code. Define the pins corresponding to each row
and column, and then assign the corresponding pins to them. When displaying
multiple lines, the line scanning method is used to define the display time of each
line in the delay function, which can be adjusted according to the display effect.

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 Lesson 15 LM35 Temperature Sensor

Overview
In this course, we will use the LM35 module to obtain the temperature value of the
environment.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x LM35 Temperature Sensor
(1) x 830 Tie Points Breadboard
(5) x M-M wires (Male to Male Jumper wires)

Component Introduction Thermistor

LM35 Temperature Sensor:

The LM35 is a widely used temperature sensor. Because it utilizes internal

compensation, the output can start at 0 °C. The LM35 can be calibrated to achieve
1/4C accuracy at room temperature without additional calibration.

At room temperature, the LM35 can achieve 1/4C accuracy without additional
calibration. Its power supply mode has a single power supply and positive and
negative dual power supply two kinds of pins as shown in Figure 1, positive and
negative dual power supply mode can provide negative temperature measurement;
two kinds of connection method of quiescent current - temperature relationship, in
the quiescent temperature in the self-heating effect of the low (0.08 ° ), a single
power supply mode in the 25 under the quiescent current of about 50uA, the
operating voltage is wider, can be in the 4-20V supply voltage range of normal
operation is very Power saving.

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Formula:

Working voltage: DC2.7~12V

Function description: AM312 human body sensing module is a digital intelligent
automatic control product based on passive human body infrared technology. It has
high sensitivity and strong reliability and is widely used in various automatic
inductive electrical equipment.

Product features:

The anti-interference is enhanced, and digital signal processing is used internally to

directly output high and low levels.
Repeatable trigger mode: that is, after the induction output of high level, if a human
body moves in its sensing range during the delay period, its output will remain high
level until the time delay after the person leaves (that is, the induction module will
automatically delay a delay period after detecting each activity of the human body,
and the time of the last activity is the starting point of the delay time).

Technical parameters:

1、Working voltage: DC 4~30V

2、Working current: less than 133μA
3、Output Voltage: +6V~-1.0V
4、Output impedance: 0.1Ω at 1mA load
5、 Accuracy: 0.5 ℃ accuracy (at +25 ℃)
6、leakage current: less than 60μA
7、Contrast factor: linear +10.0mV / ℃
8、Non-linear value: ±1/4℃
9、Calibration method: Direct calibration with camera temperature
10、Rated temperature range: -55 to +150°C.

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Wiring diagram

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 Lesson 16 Water Level Detection Sensor Module

Overview
In this lesson, you will learn how to use a water level detection sensor module. This
module can perceive the depth of water and the core component is an amplifying
circuit which is made up of a transistor and several pectinate PCB routings. When
put into the water, these routings will present a resistor that can change along with
the change of the water’s depth. Then, the signal of water’s depth is converted into the
electrical signal, and we can know the change of water’s depth through the ADC
function of UNO R3.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(3) x F-M wires (Female to Male DuPontwires)
(1) x Water lever detection sensor module

Component Introduction
Water sensor:
A water sensor brick is designed for water detection, which can be widely used in
sensing the rainfall, water level, even the liquate leakage. The brick is mainly
composed of three parts: an electronic brick connector, a 1 MΩ resistor, and several
lines of bare conducting wires.
This sensor worKUONGSHUN by having a series of exposed traces connected to
ground. Interlaced between the grounded traces are the sensetraces.
The sensor traces have a weak pull-up resistor of 1 MΩ. The resistor will pull the
sensor trace value high until a drop of water shorts the sensor trace to the grounded
trace. Believe it or not this circuit will work with the digital I/O pins of your UNO R3
board or you can use it with the analog pins to detect the amount of water induced
contact between the grounded and sensortraces.
This item can judge the water level through with a series of exposed parallel wires
stitch to measure the water droplet/water size. It can easily change the water size to
analog signal, and output analog value can directly be used in the program function,
then to achieve the function of water levelalarm.

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It has low power consumption, and highsensitivity. Features:
1、Working voltage: 5V
2、Working Current: <20ma 3、 Interface: Analog
4、Width of detection: 40mm×16mm
5、Working Temperature: 10℃~30℃ 6、Output voltage signal: 0~4.2V

Connection
Schematic

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Wiring diagram

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Wiring tips: Power supply (+) is connected to 5V of UNO R3 board, ground electrode (-) is
connected to GND. Signal output (S) is connected to the ports (A0-A5) which have function
of inputting analog signal in UNO R3 board, random one is OK, but it should define the same
demo code as theroutine.

Code
After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 18 Water Level
Detection Sensor Module and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2
for details about program uploading if there are anyerrors.

Example picture

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Open the monitor then you can see the data asbelow:
Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics about the serial
monitor are introduced in details in Lesson1.

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 Lesson 17 Real Time Clock Module

Overview
In this lesson, you will learn how to use the RTC module, The DS1302 real-time clock
is a low-power chip.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3

(1) x DS1302 RTC module(If you buy a kit without batteries, you will need to prepare
a CR2025 coin cell battery on your own)

(5) x F-M wires (Female to Male DuPont wires)

Component Introduction
DS1302
DS1302 is a high-performance, low-power real-time clock chip, real-time clock can
provide seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months and years, a month less than
31 days can be automatically adjusted, and has a leap year compensation function.
The operating voltage is as wide as 2.5~5.5 V. It adopts dual power supply (main
power supply and backup power supply), and can be set up to charge the backup
power supply, which provides the ability to charge the backup power supply with
trickle current.

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Wiring diagram

Open the monitor then you can see the module can read the time as below:

Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics about the
serial monitor are introduced in details detail in Lesson1.

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 Lesson 18 Sound Sensor Module

Overview
In this lesson, you will learn how to use a sound sensor module. This module has two outputs:
AO: analog output, real-time output voltage signal of microphone
DO: when the intensity of the sound reaches a certain threshold, the output is a high or low level
signal. The threshold sensitivity can be achieved by adjusting the potentiometer.
To make sure the microphone can detect your voice normally, please try to change its sensitivity by
turning the blue precise potentiometer on the module. Given to its preciseness, it takes at least 10
circles for you to get some response.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x Sound sensor module
(4) x F-M wires (Female to Male DuPontwires)

Component Introduction
Microphone
Transducers are devices which convert energy from one form to other. A microphone is a
transducer which converts sound energy to electrical signals. It worKUONGSHUN opposite to a
speaker. Microphones are available in different shapes and sizes. Depending on the application, a
microphone may use different technologies to convert sound to electrical signals. Here, we are
going to discuss about the electret condenser microphone which is widely used in mobile phones,
laptops, etc.

As the name suggests, the electret condenser microphone is a parallel plate

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capacitor and work on the principle of a variable capacitance. It consists of two plates, one fixed (called
the back plate) and the other moveable (called the diaphragm) with a small gap between them. An electric
potential charges the plate. When sound strikes the diaphragm it starts moving, thereby changing the
capacitance between the plates which in turn results in a variable electric current to flow.

These microphones are widely used in electronic circuits to detect minor sounds or air vibrations
which in turn are converted to electrical signals for further use. The two legs as shown in the
image above are used to make electrical connection with the circuit.

A solid conducting metal body encapsulates the various parts of the microphone. The top face is
covered with a porous material with the help of glue. It acts as a filter for the dust particles. The
sound signals/air vibrations passes through the porous material and falls on the diaphragm through
the hole shown in the image above.

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Connection

Schematic

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Wiring diagram

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The code
After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 20 Sound Sensor Module and
click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there
are any errors.
This module provides two signal output modes, for which we wrote two codes:
digital_signal_output and analog_signal_output. The code of digital_signal_output work when the
voice reaches a certain value, it will trigger a digital signal and the dig #11 pin on Arduino will
output a high level and the indicator L will be lit up at the same time. This triggering value may
be changed according to the sensitivity adjustment method mentioned above. The code of
analog_signal_output will read the analog value of the module and directly display it on the serial
monitor, likewise, this value can also be changed according to the sensitivity adjustment
method mentioned above.

Example
picture

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Open the monitor then you can see the data asbelow:

Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics about the serial monitor are
introduced in details in Lesson1.

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 Lesson 19 RC522 RFID Module

Overview
In this lesson, you will learn to how to apply the RC522 RFID Reader Module on UNO R3. This module
uses the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus to communicate with controllers such as Arduino,
Raspberry Pi, beagle board, etc.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x RC522 RFID module
(7) x F-M wires (Female to Male DuPontwires)

Component Introduction
RC522
The MFRC522 is a highly integrated reader/writer for contactless communication at
13.56 MHz. The MFRC522 reader supports ISO 14443A / MIFARE® mode.
The MFRC522’s internal transmitter part is able to drive a reader/writer antenna designed to
communicate with ISO/IEC 14443A/MIFARE® cards and transponders without additional active
circuitry. The receiver part provides a robust and efficient implementation of a demodulation and
decoding circuitry for signals from ISO/IEC 14443A/MIFARE® compatible cards and transponders.
The digital part handles the complete ISO/IEC 14443A framing and error detection (Parity &
CRC).The MFRC522 supports MIFARE®Classic (e.g. MIFARE® Standard) products. The MFRC522
supports contactless communication using MIFARE® higher transfer speeds up to 848 kbit/s in both
directions.
Various host interfaces are implemented:
• SPI interface
• Serial UART (similar to RS232 with voltage levels according pad voltage supply)
• I2C interface.
The figure below shows a typical circuit diagram, using a complementary antenna connection to the
MFRC522.

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Connection

Schematic

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Wiring diagram

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Code
After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 21 RC522 RFID Module and
press UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there
are any errors.
Before you can run this, make sure that you have installed the < rfid > library or re- install it, if
necessary. Otherwise, your code won'twork.
For details about loading the library file, see Lesson1.

#define RST_PIN 9 // Configurable, see typical pin layout above

#define SS_PIN 10 // Configurable, see typical pin layout above
The locations of SPI pins vary with different
chips, and you have to make a minor
modification of the function.
Example picture

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Open the monitor then you can see the data asblow:
Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics aboutthe serial monitor are
set out in detail in Lesson 1.

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 Lesson 20 LCD Display

Overview
In this lesson, you will learn how to wire up and use an alphanumeric LCD display. The display has an
LED backlight and can display two rows with up to 16 characters on each row. You can see the
rectangles for each character on the display and the pixels that make up each character. The display
is just white on blue and is intended for showing text.
In this lesson, we will run the Arduino example program for the LCD library, but in the next lesson,
we will get our display to show the temperature, using sensors.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO 2560

(1) x LCD1602 I2C module

(4) x F-M wires (Female to Male Dupond wires)

Component Introduction
LCD1602

This is great LCD display compatible with arduino. With limited pin resources, your

project will quickly run out of resources using normal LCDs. With this I2C interface

LCD module, you only need 2 lines (I2C)to display the information.If you already

have I2C devices in your project, this LCD module actually cost no more resources at

all. The address can be set 0x27.

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Connection Schematic

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Wiring diagram

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Code
After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 20 LCD Display and
click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program
uploading if there are any errors.
Before you can run this, make sure that you have installed the < LiquidCrystal_I2C >
library or re-install it, if necessary. Otherwise, your code won't work.
For details about loading the library file, see Lesson 1.
Upload the code to your Arduino board and you should see the message
“ Hello, world!
KUONGSHUN”
displayed.
The first thing of note in the sketch is the line:
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
This tells Arduino that we wish to use the LiquidCrystal_I2C library.
Next set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line display
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,16,2); //
After uploading this code, make sure the backlight is lit up, and adjust the
potentiometer all the way around until you see the text message
In the 'setup' function, we have four commands:
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Hello, world!");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("KUONGSHUN");
The lcd.setCursor(0,0) tells the Begin displaying the next line of code in the first row and
first column.
The lcd.setCursor(0,1) tells the Begin displaying the next line of code in the second row
and first column.
lcd.print("Hello, world!");
lcd.print("KUONGSHUN");
Tell screen display
“ Hello, world!
KUONGSHUN”

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Example picture

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 Lesson 21 Eight LED with 74HC595

Overview
In this lesson, you will learn how to use eight large red LEDs with an UNO without needing to give
up 8 output pins!
Although you could wire up eight LEDs each with a resistor to an UNO pin you would rapidly start to
run out of pins on your UNO. If you don't have a lot of stuff connected to your UNO. It's OK to do so -
but often times we want buttons, sensors, servos, etc. and before you know it you've got no pins
left. So, instead of doing that, you are going to use a chip called the 74HC595 Serial to Parallel
Converter. This chip has eight outputs (perfect) and three inputs that you use to feed data into it a
bit at a time.
This chip makes it a little slower to drive the LEDs (you can only change the LEDs about 500,000
times a second instead of 8,000,000 a second) but it's still really fast, way faster than humans can
detect, so it's worthit!

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x 830 tie-points breadboard
(8) x leds
(8) x 220 ohm resistors
(1) x 74hc595 IC
(14) x M-M wires (Male to Male jumper wires)

Component Introduction
74HC595 Shift Register:
The shift register is a type of chip that holds what can be thought of as eight memory locations, each
of which can either be a 1 or a 0. To set each of these values on or off, we feed in the data using the
'Data' and 'Clock' pins of the chip.

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The clock pin needs to receive eight pulses. At each pulse, if the data pin is high, then a 1 gets pushed
into the shift register; otherwise, a 0. When all eight pulses have been received, enabling the 'Latch' pin
copies those eight values to the latch register. This is necessary; otherwise, the wrong LEDs would flicker
as the data is being loaded into the shift register.
The chip also has an output enable (OE) pin, which is used to enable or disable the outputs all at
once. You could attach this to a PWM-capable UNO pin and use 'analogWrite' to control the
brightness of the LEDs. This pin is active low, so we tie it to GND.

Connection
Schematic

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Wiring diagram

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 As we have eight LEDs and eight resistors to connect, there are actually quite a few connections to be made.
It is probably easiest to put the 74HC595 chip in first, as pretty much everything else connects to it.
Put it so that the little U-shaped notch is towards the top of the breadboard. Pin 1 of the chip is
to the left of thisnotch.
Digital 12 from the UNO goes to pin #14 of the shift register Digital 11 from the UNO goes to pin
#12 of the shift register Digital 9 from the UNO goes to pin #11 of the shiftregister
All but one of the outputs from the IC is on the left side of the chip. Hence, for ease of connection,
that is where the LEDs are, too.
After the chip, put the resistors in place. You need to be careful that none of the leads of the
resistors are touching each other. You should check this again before you connect the power to
your UNO. If you find it difficult to arrange the resistors without their leads touching, then it helps to
shorten the leads so that they are lying closer to the surface of the breadboard.
Next, place the LEDs on the breadboard. The longer positive LED leads must all be towards the chip,
whichever side of the breadboard they are on.
Attach the jumper leads as shown above. Do not forget the one that goes from pin 8 of the IC to
the GND column of the breadboard.
Load up the sketch listed a bit later and try it out. Each LED should light in turn until all the LEDs are
on, and then they all go off and the cycle repeats.

Code
After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 24 Eight LED with 74HC595 and

click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there are
anyerrors.
The first thing we do is define the three pins we are going to use. These are the UNO
digital outputs that will be connected to the latch, clock and data pins of the 74HC595.
int latchPin = 11; int clockPin = 9; int dataPin = 12;
Next, a variable called 'leds' is defined. This will be used to hold the pattern of which LEDs are
currently turned on or off. Data of type 'byte' represents numbers using eight bits. Each bit can
be either on or off, so this is perfect for keeping track of

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which of our eight LEDs are on or off. byte leds = 0;
The 'setup' function just sets the three pins we are using to be digital outputs. void setup()
{
pinMode(latchPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(dataPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(clockPin, OUTPUT);
}
The 'loop' function initially turns all the LEDs off, by giving the variable 'leds' the value 0. It then
calls 'updateShiftRegister' that will send the 'leds' pattern to the shift register so that all the LEDs
turn off. We will deal with how 'updateShiftRegister' worKUONGSHUN later.
The loop function pauses for half a second and then begins to count from 0 to 7 using the 'for'
loop and the variable 'i'. Each time, it uses the Arduino function 'bitSet' to set the bit that
controls that LED in the variable 'leds'. It then also calls 'updateShiftRegister' so that the leds
update to reflect what is in the variable'leds'. There is then a half second delay before 'i' is
incremented and the next LED islit. void loop()
{
leds = 0; updateShiftRegister(); delay(500);
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
bitSet(leds, i); updateShiftRegister(); delay(500);
}
}
The function 'updateShiftRegister', first of all sets the latchPin to low, then calls the UNO function
'shiftOut' before putting the 'latchPin' high again. This takes four parameters, the first two are
the pins to use for Data and Clock respectively.
The third parameter specifies which end of the data you want to start at. We are going to start
with the right most bit, which is referred to as the 'Least Significant

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Bit' (LSB).

The last parameter is the actual data to be shifted into the shift register, which in this case is 'leds'.
void updateShiftRegister()
{
digitalWrite(latchPin, LOW); shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, LSBFIRST, leds); digitalWrite(latchPin, HIGH);
}
If you wanted to turn one of the LEDs off rather than on, you would call a similar Arduino
function (bitClear) with the 'leds' variable. This will set that bit of 'leds' to be 0 and you would then
just need to follow it with a call to 'updateShiftRegister' to update the actual LEDs.

Example
picture

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 Lesson 22 The Serial Monitor

Overview
In this lesson, you will build on Lesson 24, adding the facility to control the LEDs from your
computer using the Arduino Serial Monitor. The serial monitor is the 'tether' between the
computer and your UNO. It lets you send and receive text messages, handy for debugging and
also controlling the UNO from a keyboard! For example, you will be able to send commands from
your computer to turn on LEDs. In this lesson, you will use exactly the same parts and a similar
breadboard layout as Lesson 24. So, if you have not already done so, follow Lesson 24 now.

Steps taken
After you have uploaded this sketch onto your UNO, click on the right-most button on the toolbar in
the Arduino IDE. The button is circled below.

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The following window will open.

Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics about the serial monitor are
introduced in details in Lesson1.

This window is called the Serial Monitor and it is part of the Arduino IDE software. Its job is to allow
you to both send messages from your computer to an UNO board (over USB) and also to receive
messages from theUNO.
The message “Enter LED Number 0 to 7or 'x' to clear” has been sent by the Arduino. It is telling us
what commands we can send to the Arduino: either send the 'x' (to turn all the LEDs off) or the
number of the LED you want to turn on (where 0 is the bottom LED, 1 is the next one up, all the way
to 7 for the top LED).
Try typing the following commands into the top area of the Serial Monitor that is level with the
'Send' button. Press 'Send', after typing each of these characters: x 0 3 5
Typing x will have no effect if the LEDs are already all off, but as you enter each number, the
corresponding LED should light and you will get a confirmation message from the UNO board. The
Serial Monitor will appear as shown below.

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Type x again and press ‘Send’ to turn off all LEDs.

Code
After wiring, please open program in the code folder- Lesson 25 The Serial Monitor and click
UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there are any
errors.
As you might expect, the sketch is based on the sketch used in Lesson 24. So, we will just cover the
new bits here. You will find it useful to refer to the full sketch in your Arduino IDE.
In the 'setup' function, there are three new lines at theend: void setup()
{
pinMode(latchPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(dataPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(clockPin, OUTPUT);
updateShiftRegister(); Serial.begin(9600);

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while (! Serial); // Wait until Serial is ready - Leonardo Serial.println("Enter LED Number 0 to 7 or 'x' toclear");
}
Firstly, we have the command 'Serial.begin(9600)'. This starts serial communication, so that the UNO
can send out commands through the USB connection. The value 9600 is called the 'baud rate' of
the connection. This is how fast the data is to be sent. You can change this to a higher value, but
you will also have to change the Arduino Serial monitor to the same value. We will discuss this
later; for now, leave it at 9600.
The line beginning with 'while' ensures that there is something at the other end of the USB
connection for the Arduino to talk to before it starts sending messages. Otherwise, the message
might be sent, but not displayed. This line is actually only necessary if you are using an Arduino
Leonardo because the Arduino UNO automatically resets the Arduino board when you open the
Serial Monitor, whereas this does not happen with the Leonardo.
The last of the new lines in 'setup' sends out the message that we see at the top of the Serial
Monitor.
The 'loop' function is where all the actionhappens: void loop()
{
if (Serial.available())
{
char ch = Serial.read();
if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '7')
{
int led = ch - '0'; bitSet(leds, led); updateShiftRegister();
Serial.print("Turned on LED "); Serial.println(led);
}
if (ch == 'x')
{
leds = 0; updateShiftRegister();
Serial.println("Cleared");

}
}
}
Everything that happens inside the loop is contained within an 'if' statement. So unless the call to
the built-in Arduino function 'Serial.available()' is 'true' then nothing else will happen.
Serial.available() will return 'true' if data has been send to the UNO and is there ready to be
processed. Incoming messages are held in what is called a buffer and Serial.available() returns

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true if that buffer is Not empty.
If a message has been received, then it is on to the next line ofcode: char ch = Serial.read();
This reads the next character from the buffer, and removes it from the buffer. It also assigns it to the
variable 'ch'. The variable 'ch' is of type 'char' which stands for 'character' and as the name
suggests, holds a singlecharacter.
If you have followed the instructions in the prompt at the top of the Serial Monitor, then this
character will either be a single digit number between 0 and 7 or the letter 'x'.
The 'if' statement on the next line check to see if it is a single digit by seeing if 'ch' is greater than or
equal to the character '0' and less than or equal to the character '7'. It look a little strange
comparing characters in this way, but is perfectly acceptable.
Each character is represented by a unique number, called its ASCII value. This means that when we
compare characters using <= and >= it is actually the ASCII values that were being compared.
If the test passes, then we come to the next line: int led = ch – '0';
Now we are performing arithmetic on characters! We are subtracting the digit '0' from whatever
digit was entered. So, if you typed '0' then '0' – '0' will equal 0. If you typed '7' then '7' – '0' will equal
the number 7 because it is actually the ASCIIvalues that are being used in the subtraction.
Since that we know the number of the LED that we want to turn on, we just need to set that bit in
the variable 'leds' and update the shift register.
bitSet(leds, led); updateShiftRegister();
The next two lines write back a confirmation message to the Serial Monitor. Serial.print("Turned on LED ");
Serial.println(led);
The first line uses Serial.print rather than Serial.println. The different between the two is that
Serial.print does not start a new line after printing whatever is in its parameter. We use this in
the first line, because we are printing the message in two parts. Firstly the general bit: 'Turned on
LED ' and then the number of the LED.
The number of the LED is held in an 'int' variable rather than being a text string. Serial.print can
take either a text string enclosed in double-quotes, or an 'int' or for that matter pretty much any
type of variable.
After the 'if' statement that handles the case, when a single digit has been handled, there is a
second 'if' statement that check to see if 'ch' is the letter 'x'.
if (ch == 'x')
{
leds = 0; updateShiftRegister(); Serial.println("Cleared");
}
If it is, then it clears all the LEDs and sends a confirmationmessage.

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 Lesson 23 Flame Sensor

Overview
In this lesson, we will make a flame alarm device using a flame sensor and a active buzzer.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x 830 tie-points breadboard
(1) x Flame Sensor
(1) x Active Buzzer
(1) x 10k ohm resistor
(6) x M-M wires (Male to Male jumper wires)

Component Introduction
PHOTOCELL:
Flame sensor is based on the principle that infrared ray is highly sensitive to flame. It has an
infrared receiving tube specially designed to detect fire, and then to convert the flame brightness
into fluctuating level signal. The

signals are then input into the central processor and be dealt with accordingly.
The shorter lead of the receiving triode is for negative, the other one for positive. Connect negative
to 5V pin, positive to resistor; connect the other end of the resistor to GND, connect one end of a
jumper wire to a clip which is electrically connected to sensor positive, the other end to analog pin.
As shown below

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When it's approaching a fire, the voltage value read from the analog port will differ. If you use a
multimeter, you can see that when there is no fire approaching, the voltage it reads is around 0.3V;
when there is fire approaching, the voltage it reads is around 1.0V. The nearer the fire is, the higher
the voltage is.
So in the beginning of the program, you can initialize voltage value i (no fire value); Then,
continuously read the analog voltage value j and obtain difference value k=j-i; compare k with 0.6V
(123 in binary) to determine whether there is a fire approaching or not; if yes, the buzzer will buzz.

Connection Schematic

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Wiring diagram

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 Lesson 24 Photocell

Overview
In this lesson, you will learn how to measure light intensity using an Analog Input. You will build on
lesson 24 and use the level of light to control the number of LEDs to be lit.
The photocell is at the bottom of the breadboard, where the pot was above.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x 830 tie-points breadboard
(8) x leds
(8) x 220 ohm resistors
(1) x 1k ohm resistor
(1) x 74hc595 IC
(1) x Photoresistor (Photocell)
(16) x M-M wires (Male to Male jumper wires)

Component Introduction
PHOTOCELL:
The photocell used is of a type called a light dependent resistor, sometimes called an LDR. As the
name suggests, these components act just like a resistor, except that the resistance changes in
response to how much light is falling on them.
This one has a resistance of about 50 kΩ in near darkness and 500 Ω in bright light. To convert this
varying value of resistance into something we can measure on an UNO R3 board's analog input, it
needs to be converted into avoltage.
The simplest way to do that is to combine it with a fixedresistor.

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The resistor and photocell together behave like a pot. When the light is very bright, then the
resistance of the photocell is very low compared with the fixed value resistor, and so it is as if
the pot were turned tomaximum.
When the photocell is in dull light, the resistance becomes greater than the fixed 1 kΩ resistor and
it is as if the pot were being turned towardsGND.
Load up the sketch given in the next section and try covering the photocell with your finger, and then
holding it near a light source.

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Connection Schematic

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Wiring diagram

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Code
After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 26 Photocell and click UPLOAD to
upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there are any errors.
The first thing to note is that we have changed the name of the analog pin to be 'lightPin' rather
than 'potPin' since we no longer have a pot connected.
The only other substantial change to the sketch is the line that calculates how many of the LEDs to
light:
int numLEDSLit = reading / 57; // all LEDs lit at 1k
This time, we divide the raw reading by 57 rather than 114. In other words, we divide it by half as
much as we did with the pot to split it into nine zones, from no LEDs lit to all eight lit. This extra
factor is to account for the fixed 1 kΩ resistor. This means that when the photocell has a resistance
of 1 kΩ (the same as the fixed resistor), the raw reading will be 1023 / 2 = 511. This will equate to all
the LEDs being lit and then a bit (numLEDSLit) will be 8.
Example picture

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 Lesson 25 74HC595 And Segment Display

Overview
After learning Lesson 24、25 and Lesson 26, we will use the 74HC595 shiftregister to control the
segment display. The segment display will show number from 9-0.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x 830 tie-points breadboard
(1) x 74HC595 IC
(1) x 1 Digit 7-Segment Display
(8) x 220 ohm resistors
(26) x M-M wires (Male to Male jumper wires)

Component Introduction
Seven segment display
Below is the seven-segment pin diagram.

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0-9 ten digits correspond with each segment are as follows (the following table applies common
cathode seven segment display device, if you are using a common anode, the table should be replaced every
1 0 0 should all replaced by1):

Displaydigital dp a b c d e f g

0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

2 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1

3 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1

4 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

5 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

6 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1

7 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

8 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

9 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1

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Connection
Schematic

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Wiring diagram

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The following table shows the seven-segment display 74HC595 pincorrespondence table:

Seven shows remarkable

74HC595 pin
control pin (stroke)

Q0 7 (A)

Q1 6 (B)

Q2 4 (C)

Q3 2 (D)

Q4 1 (E)

Q5 9 (F)

Q6 10 (G)

Q7 5 (DP)

Step one: Connect 74HC595

First, the wiring is connected to power andground: VCC (pin 16) and MR (pin 10) connected to 5V
GND (pin 8) and OE (pin 13) to ground
Connection DS, ST_CP and SH_CP pin:
DS (pin 14) connected to UNO R3 board pin 2 (the figure below the yellowline) ST_CP (pin 12, latch
pin) connected to UNO R3 board pin 3 (FIG blue linebelow) SH_CP (pin 11, clock pin) connected to
UNO R3 board pin 4 (the figure below the white line)
Step two: Connect the seven segmentdisplay
The seven-segment display 3, 8 pin to UNO R3 board GND (This example uses the common cathode,
if you use the common anode, please connect the 3, 8 pin to UNO R3 board + 5V)
According to the table above, connect the 74HC595 Q0 ~ Q7 toseven-segment display
corresponding pin (A ~ G and DP), and then each foot in a 220 ohm resistor in series.

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Code

After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 27 74HC595 And Segment Display
and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there
are anyerrors.

Example picture

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 Lesson 26 Four Digital Seven Segment Display

Overview
In this lesson, you will learn how to use a 4-digit 7-segmentdisplay.
When using 1-digit 7-segment display, please notice that if it is common anode, the common anode
pin connects to the power source; if it is common cathode, the common cathode pin connects to
the GND.
When using 4-digit 7-segment display, the common anode or common cathode pin is used to
control which digit is displayed. Even though there is only one digit working, the principle of
Persistence of Vision enables you to see all numbers displayed because each the scanning
speed is so fast that you hardly notice the intervals.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x 830 tie-points breadboard
(1) x 74HC595 IC
(1) x 4 Digit 7-Segment Display
(4) x 220 ohm resistors
(23) x M-M wires (Male to Male jumper wires)

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Component Introduction
Four Digital Seven segment display

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Connection

Schematic

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 Wiring diagram

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Code
After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 28 Four Digital Seven Segment
Display and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading
if there are any errors.

Example picture

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 Lesson 27 Relay Module

Overview
In this experiment, we will learn how to use the 1 channel relay module.
Relay is a kind of component when the change of the input variables (incentive) to specified
requirements, the output electric circuits of the charged amount occurs due to the step change of a
kind of electrical appliances. This company produces the relay module can meet in 28 V to 240 V ac
or dc power to control all kinds of other electric parts.MCU can be used to achieve the goal of
timing control switch. Can be applied to guard against theft and alarm, toys, construction and other
fields. Relay is an electrical control device. It has a control system (also called input circuit) and
control system (also called the output circuit), the interaction between. Usually used in automatic
control circuit, it is actually with a mall current to control large current operation of a kind of"
automatics

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x Any electrically powered device such as a DC motor(This course uses DC motors as an example)
(1) x 1 channel Relay module
(3) x F-M wires (Female to Male jumper wires)
(1) x F-F wires (Female to Female jumper wires)

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Component Introduction
Relay:
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically
operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used as in solid-state relays. Relays are
used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low- power signal (with complete electrical
isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by
one signal. The first relays were used in long-distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers. They repeated
the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit. Relays were used
extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations.
A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor or other
loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts, instead
using a semiconductor device to perform the switching. Relays with calibrated operating
characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from
overload or faults. In modern electric power systems, these functions are performed by digital
instruments called "protective relays".

We can use Arduino pin to control the relay module whether the current is on or not.

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Connection
Schematic

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Wiring diagram

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Code
After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 30 Relay and click UPLOAD to
upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there are any errors.
After program loading, turn on all the power switches. The relay will pick up with a ringing sound.
Then, the motor will rotate. After a period of time, the relay will be released, and the motor stops.

Example picture

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 Lesson 28 Stepper Motor

Overview
In this lesson, you will learn a fun and easy way to drive a steppermotor.
The stepper we are using comes with its own driver board making it easy to connect to our UNO.

Component Required:
(1) x KUONGSHUN UNO R3
(1) x 830 tie-points breadboard
(1) x ULN2003 stepper motor driver module
(1) x Stepper motor
(1) x 9V1A Adapter（You can also connect the power cable to the uno board for power.）
(1) x Power supply module（You can also connect the power cable to the uno board for power.）
(6) x F-M wires (Female to Male DuPontwires)
(1) x M-M wire (Male to Male jumper wire)

Component Introduction
Stepper
Motor

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A stepper motor is an electro-mechanical device which converts electrical pulses into discrete mechanical
movements. The shaft or spindle of a stepper motor rotates in discrete step increments when electrical
command pulses are applied to it in the proper sequence. The motors rotation has several direct
relationships to these applied input pulses. The sequence of the applied pulses is directly related to the
direction of motor shafts rotation. The speed of the motor shafts rotation is directly related to the frequency
of the input pulses and the length of rotation is directly related to the number of input pulses applied. One
of the most significant advantages of a stepper motor is its ability to be accurately controlled in an open
loop system. Open loop control means no feedback information about position is needed. This type of
control eliminates the need for expensive sensing and feedback devices such as optical encoders. Your
position is known simply by keeping track of the input step pulses.
Stepper motor 28BYJ-48 Parameters
 Model: 28BYJ-48
 Rated voltage: 5VDC
 Number of Phase: 4
 Speed Variation Ratio: 1/64
 Stride Angle: 5.625° /64
 Frequency: 100Hz
 DC resistance: 50Ω±7%(25℃)

 Idle In-traction Frequency: > 600Hz

 Idle Out-traction Frequency: > 1000Hz
 In-traction Torque >34.3mN.m(120Hz)
 Self-positioning Torque >34.3mN.m
 Friction torque: 600-1200 gf.cm
 Pull in torque: 300 gf.cm
 Insulated resistance >10MΩ(500V)
 Insulated electricity power：600VAC/1mA/1s
 Insulation grade：A
 Rise in Temperature <40K(120Hz)
 Noise <35dB(120Hz,No load,10cm)

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Interfacing circuits

The bipolar stepper motor usually has four wires coming out of it. Unlike unipolar steppers, bipolar
steppers have no common center connection. They have two independent sets of coils instead.
You can distinguish them from unipolar steppers by measuring the resistance between the wires.
You should find two pairs of wires with equal resistance. If you’ve got the leads of your meter
connected to two wires that are not connected (i.e. not attached to the same coil), you should see
infinite resistance (or no continuity).

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ULN2003 Driver Board

Product Description
 Size: 42mmx30mm
 Use ULN2003 driver chip, 500mA
 A. B. C. D LED indicating the four phase stepper motor working condition.
 White jack is the four phase stepper motor standard jack.
 Power pins are separated
 We kept the rest pins of the ULN2003 chip for your further prototyping.
The simplest way of interfacing a unipolar stepper to Arduino is to use a breakout for ULN2003A
transistor array chip. The ULN2003A contains seven Darlington transistor drivers and is somewhat
like having seven TIP120 transistors all in one package. The ULN2003A can pass up to 500 mA
per channel and has an internal voltage drop of about 1V when on. It also contains internal clamp
diodes to dissipate voltage spikes when driving inductive loads. To control the stepper, apply voltage
to each of the coils in a specific sequence.

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The sequence would go like this:

Here are schematics showing how to interface a unipolar stepper motor to four controller pins
using a ULN2003A, and showing how to interface using four com

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Connection
Schematic

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Wiring diagram

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We are using 4 pins to control the Stepper. Pin 8-11 are controlling the Steppermotor.
We connect the Ground from to UNO to the Steppermotor.
Code
After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 31 Stepper Motor and click
UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there are any
errors.
Before you can run this, make sure that you have installed the < Stepper > library or re-install it, if
necessary. Otherwise, your code won't work.
For details about loading the library file, see Lesson1.

Example picture

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