Amplify Curriculum Science Middle School Evolutionary History Lesson 4.4 End-of-Unit Assessment
Amplify Curriculum Science Middle School Evolutionary History Lesson 4.4 End-of-Unit Assessment
10. This octopus and this surf clam both have a body structure called a mantle, which covers their soft bodies. However,
the mantle is shaped differently in the two species. The octopus’s mantle has muscles that help the octopus swim. The
surf clam’s mantle helps the clam build its shell. What most likely explains why both the octopus and surf clam have
mantles and why the mantles are different?
All species have their own specific body structures, so it is a coincidence that the octopus and surf clam each
a happen to have mantle structures that are different.
The octopus and surf clam are different species, so they do not share an ancestor population. These species
b had separate ancestor populations, and each evolved a mantle that helps it survive in its environment.
It is impossible to explain the body structures of different species. The way that structures change over time
c is very complex, and no one has ever observed these changes occurring.
The octopus and surf clam both inherited the mantle structure from a shared ancestor population, but this
d population separated into different environments. In each environment, different types of mantle evolved,
which helped the populations survive.
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