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~,- Beat Frequency Oscillator

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Type 1022
A signal generator covering the
range 20-20,000 Hz and designed
especially for acoustic and electro-
acoustic measurements. Logarithmic
sweep and automatic drive for
recording of frequency response
curves. The output signal can be
frequency modulated and controlled
by a compressor loop.
THE BEAT FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR

TYPE 1022

Reprint june 1973

 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION • • • . • . • • . • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • . . . . • . . • 5

2. CONTROLS . • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • . • . • • • • . . • . • . • . . . • • . . . . . . 6

3. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION •••••.•.••••.•.••...•.•.••.• 10

4. OPERATION ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•.••.•.•.•• 15

Preliminary Adjustments ........................... 15

A. Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
B. Operation using Load Terminals ................... 16
C. Operation using Attenuator Output ................. 16
D. Frequency Modulation .......................... 16
E. Automatic Regulation of Output Power ............. 17
F. Automatic Recording ........................... 18
G. Remote Control ................................ 21
H. Partial Blocking of Frequency Range ................ 22
I. Use with 2020 .............•......•............ 24

5. APPLICATIONS ••••••••••••••••••••.•.•.•...•..•••.•• 25

A. Electronic Measurements ......................... 25

B. Acoustical Measurements ......................... 28
C. Mechanical Measurements ........................ 41

6. ACCESSORIES •...••.•••..•••.••••.•.•.•..•.•...•••.• 43

10:1 Gear UG 3000 ............................... 43

Output Transformers TU 0005 ...................•.. 45

7. SPECIFICATIONS ••••.•••..•••••......•...•••••••.••• 46
 1. INTRODUCTION

The Beat Frequency Oscillator Type 1022 is a precision signal generator

using solid state circuitry throughout. It covers the range 20-20,000 Hz and
is designed for acoustical, vibrational and electrical measurements.

The 1022 works on the heterodyne principle using two high frequency
oscillators one of which operates at a fixed frequency while the frequency
of the other can be varied. The required audio frequency is then obtained
by mixing these frequencies to produce a beat frequency.

The instrument contains several features that aid experimental work. A

regulator stage is provided so that for instance constant sound pressure or
vibration level may be maintained.

The output signal can be automatically frequency modulated by an inter-

nal generator to produce a warble tone for use during reverberation mea-
surements. Alternatively the output signal can be externally modulated to
allow wider choice of modulation frequency and frequency deviation.

The output attenuator has a range of 100 dB in 10 dB steps and the

output impedance can be varied to give maximum power (2.5 W) in a load
of 6-60-600 or 6000Q.

The 1022 may be swept continuously through its frequency range by

means of an external motor drive. Alternately, parts of the frequency range
may be blocked with adjustable cams to suit any particular sweep program.
If it is driven by the Level Recorder 2305 it can also be automatically
synchronized with frequency calibrated paper.

Outputs of 100-120 kHz variable and 120kHz fixed frequencies are

available for use as control frequencies for the Heterodyne Slave Filter
2020.

Remote control facilities are provided to start and stop the scanning and
the oscillator and for instance to lift the pen on the Level Recorder when
the oscillator is sweeping outside the frequency range of interest.

5
 2... CONTROLS

Fig.2.1. Front Panel

FRONT PANEL

POWER: On/off switch for mains supply.

POWER FREQUENCY BEAT: Pushbutton. When depressed and held

in, a beat between the power supply fre-
quency and the output frequency of the
B.F.O. can be observed on the meter.
By this means the output frequency can
be calibrated with the main frequency
scale.

6
AUTOMATIC SCANNING: Connects the variable capacitor of the
B. F.0. to a worm drive which can 'be
connected to and driven by an external
motor.

FREQUENCY INCREMENT: Allows exact variation of the output fre-

quency within -50 to +50 Hz of that
indicated by the main frequency scale.

OSCILLATOR STOP: Pushbutton to interrupt the oscillator.

It is fitted for reverberation measure-
ments and is noiseless.

MODULATION FREQUENCY: Selects frequency of modulation. Choi-

ce of 1-1.6-2.5-4-6.3-10-16-25 Hz
or external modulation.

REMOTE CONTROL: Six-pin socket for connection of various

forms of remote control and external
f requency modulation. For connections
see Operation chapter paragraph G.

FREQUENCY DEVIATION: Modulates the frequency of the fixed

oscillator and hence the output frequen-
cy by 0 to ± 250 Hz.

COMPRESSOR SPEED: Selects the time constant in the regula-

tion circuit. Gives regulation speeds of
30-100-300-1000 dB/sec.

FREQUENCY SCALE
ALIGNMENT: Fine and Coarse potentiometers to ad-
just the output frequency to coincide
with that indicated on the main scale.

1000Hz REF.SIGNAL: When this button is depressed and the

main frequency scale is set to "1 000 Hz,
Ref.Signal" an output reference signal is
produced.

OUTPUT LEVEL: Potentiometer giving continuous adjust-

ment of output signal when the com-
pressor circuit is not in operation.

7
COMPRESSOR INPUT: For connection of the signal from the
regulating transducer when automatic
regulation of the B.F.O. output is re-
quired. Input impedance 25 kU Maxi-
mum range of regulation 50 dB.

COMPRESSOR VOLTAGE: Logarithmic potentiometer for control

of the output voltage of the instrument,
when compressor loop is applied.

LOAD: Output terminals of variable output im-

pedance. Controlled by Matching Im-
pedance knob. The right-hand terminal
is grounded.

MATCHING IMPEDANCE: 6-60-600-6000il indicates the mini-

mum load impedance for each switch
position. Another position feeds the
output through the Attenuator.

ATTENUATOR: When "Matching Impedance" is set to

"Att" the output signal can be attenuat-
ed in ten accurate steps of 10 dB. The
other values indicated by the knob posi-
tions refer to the RMS voltage (mV)
available at full scale meter deflection.

ATTENUATOR OUTPUT: Output signal fed through this socket

when "Matching Impedance" set to
"Att". A grounding socket is placed be-
side it.

MECHANICAL DRIVE
CONNECTION: Located on both sides of the instrument
are sockets for the connection of an ex-
ternal mechanical drive for automatic
frequency sweep. The shaft connection
fits the Flexible Drive Shaft UB 0041
which forms the mechanical link be-
tween the B.F.O. and the Level Recor-
der 2305.

8
REAR PANEL

100- 120kHz AND

120kHz: These sockets supply control voltages
for use with the Heterodyne Slave Filter
2020. The output impedances are 1OOQ
and output levels approximately
200 mV.

9
 3. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

A block diagram of the 1022 is shown in Fig.3.1.

Lood
Output

Eat . 120kHz
Mod. Output
Input

Attenuotor
Remote
Control Output
Input

Fig.3.1. Block Diagram

The fixed oscillator is a tuned LC type and works at 120 kHz. Incorporat-
ed in the tuned circuit is a variable capacitor which is operated by the
Frequency Increment knob. This allows exact frequency selection within
±50 Hz about any setting on the main scale. In addition this capacitor per-
mits frequencies down to 10 Hz to be obtained at the risk of slightly more
distortion.

An output to supply a reference signal or a control signal for the Hetero-

dyne Slave Filter 2020 is provided. The output impedance of the 120 kHz
output socket is lOOn and the signal level is of the order of 200 mV.

The fixed oscillator can be frequency modulated to produce a warble

tone. The oscillator is connected directly to a reactance circuit to enable
external modulation of the signal, but in the case of internal modulation a
relaxation type of oscillator employing a unijunction transistor to control
the reactance circuit is also used.

10
 The reactance circuit is needed to control the actual frequency deviation
(modulation swing) of the fixed oscillator by producing an inductive react-
ance across the oscillator's tuned collector. The deviation can be varied
linearly from 0 to ± 250 Hz where the sensitivity is approximately
5 mV/Hz.

A saw-tooth generator determines the frequency of modulation i.e. the

rate of change of the frequency swing of the oscillator. Frequencies of
1-1.6-2.5-4-6.3-10-16-25 Hz are available. Provision is also made for
modulation by an external generator. Alternative modulation frequencies or
wave shapes can then be chosen and frequency swings of up to ± 300 Hz
obtained (but the modulation sensitivity varies).

The signal from the fixed oscillator is passed to a regulating amplifier

which controls the output level. The regulating amplifier is used to perform
the oscillator stop and dead zone blocking. A compressor amplifier can be
switched in to control the regulating amplifier so that constant output level
is obtained. When the instrument is being used for instance to power a
loudspeaker, the compressor circuit can be used with a microphone to main-
tain a constant sound pressure level.

The compressor circuit consists of an amplifying stage and a full-wave

averaging rectifier stage. The signal from the rectifying stage is then used to
vary the gain of the regulating amplifier. A variable potentiometer (Com-
pressor Voltage) in the input circuit of the regulating amplifier can be used
to control the output power from the instrument when automatic regula-
tion is used.

The speed with which the variation in output level is regulated back to
normal depends on the setting of the Compressor Speed knob, but also
depends to a certain extent on the amount of the deviation from the normal
level. Compressor speeds of 30 - 100 - 300 - 1000 dB/sec. are available
and are determined by the integration time constant of the rectifying cir-
cuit.

The input impedance of the Compressor Input is approximately 25 kQ

and the maximum range of regulation is 50 dB. Regulation characteristics
for different positions of the Output Level potentiometer are shown in
Fig.3.2.

The variable oscillator is of similar design to the fixed one except that it
has a variable capacitor in its tuned circuit to vary the oscillation frequency
between 100 and 120 kHz. A worm gear, connected to the capacitor

11
 dB
Output Level

10
Distorted
Signal

MAX. METER
DEFLECTION

-10+------

-20

-30 +-------...

-40

-50+--------.....

-60

-70

-80

-90
-20 -12 -6 -3
dB re 1V

--r--r--+--+--+--+-~--~_,--;-~r--.-v
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Comp.

Voltage on " Compressor Input "

("Compressor Voltage" on maximum)

Fig.3.2. Regulation characteristics for different positions

of Output Level potentiometer

spindle, permits automatic tuning with the aid of an external motor such as
that of the Level Recorder 2305. A magnetic clutch, which can be remotely
controlled, is used for connection of the external drive to the capacitor
spindle.

12
 When the capacitor is set to frequencies above 20kHz or below 20Hz the
signal from the fixed oscillator is blocked so that no output voltage is
obtained. This has the advantage that when automatic recordings are being
taken with the Level Recorder 2305, no unwanted curves appear on the
paper. The cut-off section can be made wider by means of the adjustable
cams fixed on the capacitor spindle (Fig.4.5). The Remote Control plug is
also needed to make certain connections inside the instrument. By th is
method the overall frequency range of the apparatus can be reduced to
about one octave. In applications where the 1022 is used with the Level
Recorder 2305 the adjustable cams can be made to operate the pen Iift ..
A 1000 Hz reference signal can be supplied at the output sockets when
the Reference Oscillator is connected and the scale pointer is set to the
position 1000 Hz Ref.signal. The use of this reference signal can be seen in
the operation chapter.

The signals from the fixed and variable oscillators are mixed and then
passed to a low-pass filter. The filter has a cut-off frequency of 50 kHz and
is used primarily to eliminate any 100- 120kHz or 220- 240kHz compo-
nents.

The filtered signal is then fed to the output amplifier. This will give an
output power of 2.5 W nominal load (i.e. the load indicated on the Match-
ing Impedance switch). The output amplifier is current limited to protect
the transistors.

Finally the output signal is fed to an auto transformer for impedance

matching with the load. The markings 6-60-600-6000f2 around the
Matching Impedance Switch indicate the minimum load impedances that
should be used for each switch position. The signal can also be passed to an
output attenuator which allows output signals to be selected between
120 J.J.V and 12 V, (full scale deflection), in accurate 10 dB steps. The over-
all accuracy of the attenuators is 2%. The voltage at the output terminals is
indicated by a transistor voltmeter which measures the average value. It is
calibrated in RMS values of a sinusoidal voltage and the accuracy over the
frequency range 20-20,000 Hz is 1.5% at full scale deflection. Additionally,
there is a dB scale which gives dB values re 1 volt. It should be noted that
when the Attenuator Output is used, the output voltage only equals the
corresponding meter deflection when the impedance of the load connected
to the terminal is high compared with the 50.Q attenuator impedance.

The sensitivity of the voltmeter is automatically changed when the posi-

tion of the Matching Impedance switch is altered. Full scale meter deflec-
tion in volts is indicated for each switch position. The Attenuator switch is
similarly marked and in addition has dB values re 1 volt.
13
 The signal-to-noise ratio of the instrument is better than 70 dB for maxi-
mum output voltage. It is independent of the position of the attenuator, but
somewhat dependent on the position of the Output Level potentiometer.
The optimum setting is whEm the voltmeter indicates 20 dB.

The amount of harmonic distortion also depends on the setting of the

Output Level potentiometer. As long as the output is kept within the meter
range the distortion will be of the order indicated in Fig.3.3.

The 1022 can be operated from 100, 115, 127, 150, 220,240 Volts AC
and 50 to 400Hz mains supplies and the maximum power consumption is of
the order of 26 W with full load.

o.J.
1 Watt
Load
7
~
c
~ 0·2
"""
"' t'-..... v
.............__

--
...........
___... _......, / l.-/
............
~ ............__
-=0 1-- -
__, ~t.10V
No load
..
; 0·1
.:
-;
c
0
z 10 20 30 50 100 2 3 5 1k 5 10k 20k
Frequency (Hz) _ , .
11oo'J5

Fig.3.3. Distortion curves for different loads

14
 4. OPERATION

PRELIMINARY ADJUSTMENTS

Before the instrument is used check the voltage selector on the rear panel
is set to the correct line voltage. If not, remove the central fuse and adjust
with a small coin or screwdriver.

A. CALIBRATION

1. Switch on and allow 1 minute to warm up.

2. Set MODULATION FREQUENCY and COMPRESSOR SPEED to "Off".

3. Set main scale pointer to the frequency of the mains supply (e.g. 50 or
60 Hz) checking that the frequency increment scale is set to zero.

4. Set the meter deflection to higher than centre scale reading with OUT-
PUT LEVEL knob.

5. Press POWER FREQUENCY BEAT button and hold "in". At the same
time slowly adjust the FREQUENCY SCALE ALIGNMENT FINE knob
until a large fluctuation registers, slows up, and practically ceases on the
meter dial.

6. Set main scale pointer to 20Hz and subtract 20Hz with FREQUENCY
INCREMENT knob. If the meter deflection drops to zero then the B.F.O.
is·calibrated. If not, continue to point 7.

7. If the meter deflection does not drop to zero, adjust FREQUENCY SCA-
LE ALIGNMENT COARSE with a screwdriver until the meter deflection
does.

8. Reset the main scale pointer to the frequency of the mains supply. Reset
frequency increment scale to zero. Make a final adjustment with F RE-
QUENCY SCALE ALIGNMENT FINE to obtain the exact position of.
"slow beat" as in point 5. The B.F.O. is then calibrated.

15
B. OPERATION USING LOAD TERMINALS

1. Set up and calibrate the Oscillator as above in A.

2. Select suitable matching impedance for the load using MATCHING IMPE-
DANCE switch.

3. Connect load to LOAD terminals.

4. Turn pointer on main frequency dial to desired frequency, finely adjust-

ing with FREQUENCY INCREMENT knob if necessary.

5. Select required output voltage using OUTPUT LEVEL knob.

C. OPERATION USING ATTENUATOR OUTPUT

1. Set up and calibrate the Oscillator as above in A.

2. Set MATCHING IMPEDANCE switch to "Att".

3. Select appropriate voltage range with ATTENUATOR knob.

4. Connect load to ATTENUATOR OUTPUT ..

5. Turn pointer on main frequency dial to desired frequency, finely adjust-

ing with FREQUENCY INCREMENT knob if necessary.

6. Select required output voltage using OUTPUT LEVEL knob.

Note: The meter reading is correct only when the impedance of the load
is high compared to the son attenuator impedance.

D. FREQUENCY MODULATION

When a frequency modulated output signal is required:

1. Set knobs:

MODULATION FREQUENCY required value

FREQUENCY DEVIATION zero

2. Calibrate the Oscillator from point A. 3. above.

3. Set FREQUENCY DEVIATION knob to required bandwidth.

16
4. Proceed from point B. 2 or C. 2 as required.

E. AUTOMATIC REGULATION OF OUTPUT POWER

By means of the compressor circuit it is possible to regulate the output

from the oscillator. When a constant voltage is required, the output voltage
from the oscillator should be used as a control voltage. (Fig.4.1 a.). A con-
stant current is obtainable if the voltage drop across a resistor in series with
the load is used as the control voltage ( F ig.4.1 b.). Similarly a reference
microphone can be used to control sound pressure or an accelerometer can
be used to control vibration level. Examples can be seen in the Applications
chapter.

__.. o------.--1 ----.o-----1

From From
Oscillator Oscillator
To Compressor To Compressor
Input Input

a) Constant Voltage b) Constant Current

1700%

Fig.4.1. Constant voltage and constant current compressor

loops

To use the compressor loop proceed as follows:

1. Set up and calibrate the Oscillator as described above in A.

2. Set the MATCHING IMPEDANCE switch to the desired position.

3. Connect the load to LOAD terminals or to the ATTENUATOR OUTPUT

at the top of the instrument, see B or C.

4. Feed the control voltage to the COMPRESSOR INPUT terminal. If neces-

sary use an amplifier which has a linear frequency characteristic for the
amplification of the control signal, approximately 0.5 volt being required
for full utilization of the compressor. (See Fig.3.2).

5. Set COMPRESSOR VOLTAGE and OUTPUT LEVEL to maximum (fully

clockwise).
17
6. Feed the voltage to be measured to the recording instrument, e.g. the
Level Recorder 2305.

7. Set COMPRESSOR SPEED to required value.

8. Regulate the desired output voltage by turning COMPRESSOR VOL-

TAGE knob counter-clockwise.

Note: When the Beat Frequency Oscillator is used in conjunction with the
Level Recorder 2305 the writing speed of the Level Recorder should be
kept below the regulation speed of the compressor.

It is also possible to obtain different regulation characteristics dependent

on the position of the potentiometer marked OUTPUT LEVEL. This can be
seen from Fig.3.2.

F. AUTOMATIC RECORDING

By combining the 1022 with a Level Recorder 2305 or using an Auto-

matic Frequency Response Recorder 3308, it is possible to automatically
record the frequency responses of four terminal networks.

The following procedure should be adopted:

1. Set up and calibrate the oscillator as above in A.

2. Connect the instruments as shown in Fig.4.2. The flexible driving

shaft (UB 0041) should be connected to the upper driving shaft of the
Recorder, DRIVE SHAFT I (Fig.4.3.). The other end should be con-
nected to the drive socket on the left hand side of the 1022 (Check
engagement by switching on the Level Recorder and the magnetic
clutch of the 1022 and note if the scale pointer rotates).

3. Set PAPER DRIVE to "Stop, Forward".

4. Select and insert required Range Potentiometer.

(NB: Place POTENTIOMETER RANGE knob to "Standby" when
changing potentiometers).

5. Set POTENTIOMETER RANGE knob to correspond to the Range

Potentiometer being used.

18
 . '~'
~-~i
Object
under
test -f_7oo17

Fig.4.2. Basic set-up for automatic recording

6. Select RECTIFIER RESPONSE

LOWER LIMITING FREQUENCY
WRITING SPEED
PAPER SPEED eg 10 mm/sec.

7. Pull gear-lever marked X to the outer position. (See Fig.4.3.).

The paper drive speed now corresponds to the small numbers marked
around the PAPER SPEED knob.

8. Two types of recording can be made:

(a) Single chart recording (automatic recording over a length of 250
mm paper only),
(b) Continuous recording over any length of paper.

(a) Single Chart Recording:

Set the PAPER DRIVE switch to "start" commencing the paper
to run, which will continue until the built-in automatic stop
switch declutches the drive· mechanism (less than one chart
length).
Reset recording paper by finger wheel Z (Fig.4.3.) until the
stylus rests on the 10 Hz line.
A chart of 250 mm length will now run off when the SINGLE
CHART- CONT. RECORD pushbutton is depressed for a short
time and then released. (It is possible to stop the recording at
any time by setting the PAPER DRIVE switch to "stop").
19
 Event Marking

Potentiometer Range
dB

Range Potentiometer -1'-"---ff---- Drive Shaft Speed

~~~~~~~~....____Remote Control
~Two-Channel Selector

......._____Drive Shaft II

Finger Wheel Z

Input Potentiometer_/'
Ref. Voltage Pushbutton

Fig.4.3. Level Recorder 2305

(b) Continuous Recording:

The operator should follow the instructions outlined under (a),
Single Chart Recording except that to start the recording it is
necessary to press the SINGLE CHART - CONT. RECORD
push-button and turn it clockwise. Recording will now auto-
matically take place until the push-button is released again and
the PAPER DRIVE switch is set to "stop".

Note: Whenever the PAPER DRIVE switch is in the "stop"

·position the paper drive is completely controlled by the
SINGLE CHART- CONT. RECORD push-button.

9. In order to synchronise the units, stop the paper so that the stylus
rests on the 10 Hz line.

10. Depress 100 mV reference button on Level Recorder and use INPUT
POTENTIOMETER to adjust stylus to a suitable level on the record-
ing paper.

11. Set pointer of 1022 to 1000Hz REF. SIGN.AL and engage magnetic
clutch by use of clutch switch. The units will then be synchronised so
that the distance between the 10 and 20 Hz marks on the paper

20
 corresponds to the distance between the 1000Hz REF. SIGNAL and
20 Hz marks on the 1022.

12. Depress 1000Hz REF. SIGNAL button and adjust the output level
from the 1022 and/or the INPUT ATTENUATOR of the Level Re-
corder so that the stylus deflects to somewhere in the middle of the
paper.

Continuous Recording with ten Times Enlarged Paper Speed

The following method is adopted: Set the "1 :10 Synchronizing Gear
Lever" in its inner position (released). The paper drive speed then corres-
ponds to the large numbers marked around the PAPER SPEED knob. Re-
cording on frequency calibrated paper is not possible in this position. The
start and stop of the recording will in this case be completely controlled by
means of the PAPER DRIVE switch.

G. REMOTE CONTROL

Several forms of remote control are possible with the 1022. A diagram
showing the connections of the Remote Control plug is shown in Fig.4.4.

Oscillator Stop

Internal

b External Modulation

Ground Magnetic Clutch

17ao'J8

Fig.4.4. Remote Control Plug viewed externally

21
Magnetic clutch

Frequency scanning can be stopped and started by making or breaking a

connection between terminals a and f providing the clutch control switch
AUTOMATIC SCANNING is off.

External Modulation

Set MODULATION FREQUENCY switch to Ext. Mod. Connect the ex-

ternal generator between the chassis and terminal b. Terminal f can be used
as chassis connection.

Oscillator Stop

For remote interruption of the output signal (stopping of the fixed oscil-
lator) terminal c should be connected to terminal f (ground). When reverbe-
ration measurements are made automaticaUy using the Level Recorder
2305, a switch in the Level Recorder can be used to ground terminal c. See
Applications. Room Reverberation Time.

Terminals d and e

These terminals are connected to an internal contact which is used for

interrupting the output signal when the instrument is being swept through
the dead zone 20kHz to 20Hz.

Note

When delivered from the factory, the Oscillator is supplied with a 6-poled
plug containing the necessary connections for dead zone blocking.

1-1. PARTIAL BLOCKING OF FREQUENCY RANGE

The initial and/or the fincH part of the frequency range can be blocked by
means of the cams mounted on the spindle of the capacitor (Fig. 4.5.). With
full use of the cams the frequency range can be reduced to approximately
one octave in any part of the frequency range.

The blocking range is adjusted as follows:

1. Disconnect the instrument from the power supply line.

22
2. Remove rear panel.

3. Loosen knurled lock-nut (Fig.4.5.) sufficiently for the outer and inner
cams to be moved relative to the one in the middle.

4. Set the pointer of the main scale to the lowest frequency of the desired
frequency range.

5. Turn the inner cam to the right (seen from behind) until the contact is
activated.

6. If necessary tighten the lock-nut a little so that the cam is not displaced
when the main scale pointer is moved.

7. Set the pointer of the main scale to the highest frequency within the
desired frequency range and turn the outer cam to the left until the
contact is activated. Be careful that the inner cam does not move.

8. The cam in the middle should be rotated so that it does not interfere with
the frequency range in use.

9. Tighten the lock-nut, still being careful that the cams do not move.

Cam Discs

Knurled Nut

Fig.4.5. The adjustable cams

23
I. USE WITH 2020

To drive the 2020 from the 1022 it is necessary only to connect up the
120 kHz and 100-120 kHz sockets on the rear of the oscillator to the
corresponding sockets on the rear of the 2020. For further details of opera-
tion see the instruction manual of the 2020.

24
 5. APPLICATIONS

The field of use of the Beat Frequency Oscillator Type 1022 is so exten-
sive that only a few of the possible applications are illustrated in the follow-
ing pages, these being classified into three sections:

(A) Electronic Measurements

(B) Acoustical Measurements
(C) Mechanical Measurements

A. ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS

Measurement of Frequency Response of Four-Terminal Networks

The object to be tested, e.g. a filter, transmission line, transformer etc.

can be fed from the 1022 and point-by-point measurements taken by means
of the Audio Frequency Voltmeter 2409, Microphone Amplifier 2603 or
Measuring Amplifier 2606. If an automatic recording of the frequency re-
sponse is wanted, the Level Recorder 2305 should be used. The mechanical
coupling between the motor in the Level Recorder and the tuning capacitor
of the B.F.O. is effected with a Flexible Shaft UB 0041 which is delivered
with the B.F.O. The measuring arrangement which is employed to obtain
the frequency characteristic of an A.F.-filter is shown in Fig.5.1.

Should the compressor circuit be used to regulate the output signal from
the Oscillator it is advisable to verify that the voltage at the COMPRESSOR
\~ INPUT is approximately to required 0.5 volt. When it is intended to use the
equipment for automatic recording of frequency characteristics, the input
of the Level Recorder may first be connected to the input of the compres-
sor, and a recording of the compressor input voltage made for the complete
frequency range in which measurements are to be taken. With the compres-
sor working correctly the resultant recording should be a straight line. If this
is the case the input to the Level Recorder can then be disconnected, and
the desired measurements carried out.

25
 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D C
llriloi6KJ<w

.-.-
~
:"i:
UB0041

;et
=·:!·:·:·!-... _;~•:·
1022

OO')'J

Fig.5.1. Measurement of frequency response of four-terminal

network

A.C. Bridge Measurements

By employing the 1022 with a Frequency Analyzer 2107 as an indicating

instrument selective measurements of components in an A.C. bridge can be
obtained.

The only requirement the bridge must satisfy is that one diagonal point is
grounded as shown in Fig.5.2. This requires the bridge to be supplied from

1?oo'lo

Fig.5.2. The 1022 used as a voltage source for AC bridge measurements.

The Output Transformer TU 0005 provides a symmetrical output.

26
 the B.F.a. via a screened transformer e.g. TU 0005, the B.F.a. being
grounded at one terminal.

Due to the selectivity of the Frequency Analyzer it is well-suited as an

indicating instrument in a bridge circuit. The decibel scale on the instrument
meter will often prove useful when it is desired to measure the quality of
different components placed within the bridge.

Measurement of Gain in A. F. Amplifiers

The measurement of distortion and frequency response of A. F. amplifiers

may be carried out in the same manner as for four-terminal networks, the .
description for the arrangement being given in the initial paragraph to this
.section.

Frequently it Is important to check the linearity of an amplifier i.e. to

measure the gain for different values of input voltage. As the attenuator
circuit of the 1022 is very accurately calibrated .it is an extremely useful
instrument in carrying out these measurements.

The output voltage from the amplifier under test should be measured
with an Audio Frequency Voltmeter 2409 or a Microphone Amplifier 2603
or a Measuring Amplifier 2606 an example of the arrangement being given
in Fig.5.3 .

•
Amplifier

Fig.5.3. Measurement of gain in an AF amplifier

27
B. ACOUSTICAL MEASUREMENTS

Frequency Response of Loudspeakers

To obtain the true frequency response of a loudspeaker an anechoic

chamber is essential. Whenever a frequency response is made in an ordinary
room it should only be regarded as an "installation" or "on site" test since a
combination of loudspeaker and room characteristics will be obtained.

The loudspeaker under test should be fed with constant voltage or con-
stant current. (See Operation E). A constant current arrangement produces
a constant force on the diaphragm. Such an arrangement is shown in Fig.
5.4. Here the loudspeaker is fed from the B.F.O; section of an Automatic
Frequency Response Recorder 3308 via a series resistor. The voltage drop
across the resistor is then fed to the compressor input of the B. F.0. A
constant current will then be obtained in the circuit when the voltage drop
across the resistor is approximately 0.5 volt.

A Condenser Microphone 4145 should be used for picking up the sound

produced and its output fed to the Level Recorder of the 3308 via a Micro-
phone Amplifier 2603, Measuring Amplifier 2606, Frequency Spectrometer
2113 or a Measuring Amplifier 2606 with a Heterodyne Slave Filter 2020.
An advantage gained by using frequency selective recording is that much of
the background noise can be removed from the signal. Fig.5.5. shows a
recording made with the set-up in Fig.5.4.

Frequency Responce of Microphones

Fig.5.6. shows a typical arrangement for automatically recording the fre-

quency response of a microphone.

In the set-up depicted, the microphone to be tested is connected to the

Level Recorder 2305, via a Measuring Amplifier 2606, the sound source
being a loudspeaker which is fed from the 1022. As the sound pressure in
front of the microphone under test has to be kept constant, it is necessary
to place it relatively close to another microphone with a flat frequency
characteristic (e.g. a Condenser Microphone 4145) which is coupled to a
second Measuring Amplifier 2606, the output of which is fed to the Com-
pressor Input of the 1022 so ensuring a constant sound source. It is essential
that the two microphones are symmetrically placed in the radiated sound
field and the correct compressor speed selected. The acoustic delay time
required for the sound to travel from the loudspeaker to the microphone

28
 261 9 1.11.5 Absorbing material
~ P\JSI">l

Fig.5.4. Set-up for recording of frequency characteristics of

a loudspeaker

........ ..... .,_

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 D D D D 0 D D D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.... ....
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 .., ""'2l.,- C/1 40000 A

(16ft/:m,) A I
I
C
C I.M.
LA ·
10 100 1000 100!)()
~6()5'59

Fig.5.5. Frequency characteristics of a loudspeaker. (The

measurement was not carried out in a completely dead
room and the effect of reflections can be seen)

29
 2619+·4145 Loudspeaker

Microphone
1022
under test
@o

0027
' 1~1 ~·;
i .•

!e·~~.::
2606

17oo ~~~

Fig.5.6. Set-up for the automatic recording of the frequency

response of microphones

......... ......... .... .....

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 D D D D 0 0 D C 0 0 D D D D D D D D D D D 0 0 D D 0 D 0 D

0 010----.
10
...
100 -
1000 10000 (160/:111!1 A
I
C
C LA
LA •

Fig.5.7. Recording made with the set-up shown in Fig.5.6.

30
must be small in comparison to the time constant determining the compres-
sor speed. Under normal circumstances these conditions are easily fulfilled.

To give reliable measurements the room to be used need not be fully

anechoic as the regulating effect of the compressor will compensate for any
minor reflections set-up. However, for correct operation of the regulation
circuit, the reverberation time of the room must not be too long and a low
scanning speed should be used for the frequency sweep.

In Fig.5.7. is a recording showing the frequency response of a micropho-

ne recorded by employing the previously outlined system.

Measurement of Reverberation Time

One of the more important factors that determines the acoustical quality
of a room is its reverberation time and the 1022 has been designed with
certain special features to aid such measurements. The compressor circuit
serves to keep the sound level in the room constant with frequency while
frequency modulation of the signal ensures that standing waves and inter-
ference phenomena are avoided. The latter feature helps to produce smooth
slopes to recorded decay curves whereas if pure sine waves were radiated in
the room, standing waves might produce uneveness.

Various set-ups can be used to measure reverberation time using the 1022
as an integral part. An arrangement whereby the decay curves are recorded
automatically using the Level Recorder 2305 is discussed here. The set-up
can be seen in Fig.5.8. The Frequency Spectrometer 2113 is chosen as
amplifier for the microphone since selective reception in 1/3 or 1/1 octave
bands will reduce background noise and increase the dynamic range of the
decay curves.

Decay curves throughout the complete audio range can be recorded auto-
matically at 1/3 octave intervals using this combination of equipment and
can be made on both frequency calibrated or nonfrequency calibrated pa-
per. In order to record the decay of sound in the room the sound source
must be disconnected at definite intervals by means of the oscillator stop.
Only the decay curve is required so the pen should be lifted from the paper
between decay curves and, as selective reception is used, the filters of the
Spectrometer also need to be switched between curves. The oscillator stop,
pen lift and the filter switching can all be performed simultaneously by
remote control from the two-channel selector of the Level Recorder. The
necessary connections between the different instruments are shown in Fig.
5.9 a. whilst the electrical circuit produced can be seen in Fig.5.9 b.
31
 Fig.5.8. Set-up for the automatic recording of reverberation time
Frontal Connections

2113 2305 1022

Ground o - - - - - - - - - - o Ground

(a)

2113 2305 Cam disc 1022

02 84 A2 00 0059

JDrive Shaft
Lifting ~n
Magnet
Filter
Switch
C3

D1 81

Ground Ground

(b)
Fig.5.9. Electrical connection of instrumentation for automatic
recording of reverberation time
a) Connections between remote control plugs
b) Electrical circuit for remote control
32
Frequency Calibrated Paper

When 50 mm wide paper is made into a paper loop 495 mm long as in

Fig.5.10. (i.e. two chart lengths minus 5 mm where 5 mm is the distance
between two holes) it is possible to obtain curves spaced 1/3 octave apart
and synchronised with the frequency calibrated paper as shown in Fig.5.11.
The centre frequency of a particular filter is represented by the small black
squares at the top of the paper (QP 0424). It is possible to keep the sound
pressure level fairly constant by means of a compressor circuit as shown in
Fig.4.1. so ensuring that the decay curves commence at the same level.
Overlapping junction.

Fig.5.10. Making up of paper loop

Non-frequency Calibrated Paper

When more spacing than 5 mm is required between decay curves the

paper loop can be made 490 mm long to give 10 mm spacing as in Fig.5.12.
In such circumstances, however, only the lined paper QP 0402 can be used
and it is necessary to keep check of the frequency at which each particular
curve is taken.

Waxed paper and a stylus is preferable for reverberation measurements

due to the high paper speeds needed. If only a few reverberation curves are
needed automatic recording may not be necessary. The Oscillator Stop
push-button can then be used and the filter switching done by hand.

Use of the Protractor SC 2361

The Protractor has been designed to facilitate the determination of reverbe-

ration time from recorded decay curves on the 50 mm width paper. It is

33
 .
DDDDDDDDDODDDDDOOOODOOOOOOOOOODDODODODOODDDODOOOOOO
lrii~I**JO .w•ll- e.r.r•JJ- INII6l;..
73

~ ror cm-·l:l lilil!l l lil li!l l l l l l l l l l l il!l l~l~l~i l !

0ift\~~n~£he : "' T=ot5sec.!=J:=I=l=

Mod Freq JZC/s" "

~'7.:2QQ::-~~"
""~.,_, _
w•. ,.,~.,.,Ji.E.a
... 10

a.t.:~F,..w..l...oo
10 oo
QP 0123 10 100 1000 10000 ··~~.;",~: ~ .:_ "'

Fig.5.11. Recording of decay curves, compressor loop used

JOD OO OODOODDDDO D ODDDDDDDDDDDDDODO DD DDDD DDDD DDODDDD[

BrUel & ICjmr

1000t/s
f= Potentiometer Range : 50 315C/s 4000C7s ~ 100~C/s __
~Rectifier : RMS
f= Lower Limiting Freq. 50 T• O.Jsec.
r= Writing Speed: 400
f=: Paper Speed : · 100 T• D.45sec.
~Drive Shaft Speed : 12
~ Loop Length: 490mm
~Measuring room: Information Deportment
f= Dote: 20-1-61 B.E. B.

f 618H'

Fig.5.12. Decay curves at 10 mm intervals recorded on a 490 mm loop

divided into four sections marked "75 dB 10 mm/sec.", "75 dB 30 mm/

sec.", "50 dB 10 mm/sec.", and "50 dB 30 mm/sec.". When one of these
four combinations of RANGE POTENTIOMETER and PAPER SPEED has
been employed during the measurements, the reverberation time can be read
directly in seconds.

1. The Protractor is held so that the printing is readable. The proper section
is chosen and its left limiting line (thick diagonal) is placed on top of the
portion of the recorded decay curve to be measured, and in such a man-
ner that the centre of the Protractor coincides with one of the horizontal
lines on the recording paper. See Fig.5.13.

2. Reverberation time in seconds is then read on the scale at the point

through which the horizontal line passes.

The decay curves should preferably be approximated into a straight line

making it easier to determine the average slope.

If paper speeds other than 10 and 30 mm/sec. have been used, the deter-
mined reverberation times should be multiplied or divided by factors of 10.

34
Example:
50 dB Range Potentiometer.
Paper Speed 100 mm/sec.: Use the section "50 dB 10 mm/sec."
and divide the measured result by 10,
see also Fig.5.13.

Range Potentiometer : 50db

Paper. Speed : 10ommjsec. ·Reading :- 5.5sec.•O.i•0.55sec

( 6 (85'6 .

Fig.5.13. Use of Protractor SC 2361, ten times higher paper

speed used than on the proctractor (50 dB 10 mm/sec.).
Reading then divided by 10 i.e. 0.55 sec.

Airborne Sound Insulation

A means of automatically carrying out this test is shown in Fig.5.14. The

wall under test is placed between two rooms, which are termed "the trans-
mitter room" and "the receiver room" respectively.

In each of the two rooms separated by the wall is placed a Type 4145
Condenser Microphone individually coupled to a Preamplifier Type 2619.
Two extension cables connect the microphone units with the Two-Channel
Microphone Selector 4408. The Microphone Selector is remotely controlled
by the two-channel switching device, which is "built-in" to the Level Recor-
der portion of the Automatic Frequency Response Recorder 3308. A 50 dB
Range Potentiometer can be used, the 1022 should be frequency modulated
and the loudspeaker (or loudspeakers) placed so that a sound field, as dif-
fuse and isotropic as possible, is built up.

By means of the Microphone Selector which is connected to the Measur-

35
 receiver room transmitter room

411.5 4145 L.S.

2619 2619

Fig.5.14. Set-up for measurement of the sound insulation

properties of a wall

ing Amplifier 2606, the different sound levels picked up in the two rooms
are taken alternately and amplified before being fed to the Level Recorder.
The result is that two independent curves are automatically reproduced on
the recording paper, enabling the sound level difference between the two
sides of the wall to be read off in decibels. Such a recording is shown in
Fig.5.15. The sound absorbed by the receiving room must be taken into
account.

The main problems in the transmission and reception of airborne sound

are the power av;Jilable from the source and the signal to noise ratio of the
receiver. Both these problems can be eased if a narrow band noise source
and a narrow band receiver are used.

The Heterodyne Slave Filter 2020 has very narrow bandwidths and is
ideal for such measurements. It can also be directly controlled by the 1022.

36
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

-
lrO:!.!.!I•r+

""-
_...__ -"""'-
w. ,....Sc-.._
s...: _

QP 0123
10
10 100
211110
~ ..,.,.A • c
WI . - A I C L-.
la

f6(070

Fig.5.15. Reading obtained with a set-up as in Fig. 5.14.

50 dB range potentiometer used in Level Recorder

A set up is shown in Fig.5.16. where a compressor loop is used to keep

the sound level constant. The feedback signal is amplified by a Measuring
Amplifier 2606. Another 2606 is used in conjunction with the 2020 to
analyze the attenuated signal in the receiving room. The analyzed signal is
then recorded on frequency calibrated paper using a Level Recorder 2305
and thus provides a direct measure of the sound insulation qualities of the
room at any frequency in the measuring range.

Source Room Receiving Room level Recorder

2305

4145

Measuring Amplif ier

2606
1022

100-120kHz

120kHz

17oo lf7

Fig.5.16. Set-up for measurement of airborne sound insulation

using a Heterodyne Slave Filter 2020

37
loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo~
+
BrDel & KJ .. r &ool & KJGt
"- 50 2.5

Mem.lringObjoct: _ _ _
db db
Sound
transmission 4020
anallsls
USing
2020
Slave F1lter
3.16 Hz 30 15
Bandwidth

20 10
R.c;No:
Dalt:
Sign.:
Roct; RMS
Z.OIM; 10 5
LU..Fr; 20
Pot: so
Wr. Sp.: 8
Papo< Sp.: 0.1
Muhtplyfr.q. Scaleby;_1_ 0 0
50 100 200 500 1000 2000 5000 10000
QP1123 100 1000 10 000

Fig.5.17. Sound transmission analysis using a Heterodyne

Slave Filter 2020 with 3.15 Hz bandwidth

Experimental results obtained for a receiving room where a high level of

background noise was present are shown in Fig.5.17. and 5.18. The results
obtained using the 2020 (Fig.5.17.) show a considerable improvement in
signal to noise compared to those obtained with no filter (Fig.5.18.).

Note: To ensure that the compressor circuit is controlled from the funda-
mental of the sound source, another 2020 could be used with the 2606 in
the compressor loop.

Automatic Recording of Harmonics in Hearing Aids

Another use of the Heterodyne Slave Filter with the 1022 is shown
below. The 2020 can be used for frequency rejection whereby it will reject
frequencies by over 40 dB over a 3.15 Hz bandwidth.

38
~DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDODDDDDDDDD~
Bru~jcar • Brooi&K;-
50 25

Meosuri"'l Objoct: _ _ _
db db

Sound
transmission 40 20
recording
Without
Filtering

30 15

20 10
Roc:; No.:
Dolo:
Sign.:

Rod"
z.... t..." 10 5
L Lim. F" 20
Poo.: 50
Wr. Sp.: 8
Popor Sp.: 0.1
Multiply freq. Scolo by"_ 1 - o o-
50 100 200 500 1000 2000 5000 10000
QP 1123 100 1000 10000

Fig.5.18. Sound transmission recording without filtering

An instrument set up for the automatic recording of hearing aid harmo-

nics is shown in Fig.5.19.

The test environment is provided by the Type 4212 Hearing Aid Test
Box, which gives practically free-field conditions over the frequency range
150 Hz to 5 kHz. The receiver of the hearing aid under test is excited by a
loudspeaker inside the anechoic chamber of the test box. Sound pressure at
the position of the receiver is maintained constant by a regulating condenser
microphone which provides feedback to the compressor circuit of the oscil-
lator supplying the loudspeaker signal. The hearing aid output is coupled to
an artificial ear as required by the I EC (Recommendation 118). The artifi-
cial ear contains a pressure response microphone which detects the output
from the earphone. Using the Slave Filters "Output" (L.F .) and "Rejection"
outputs the respective frequency and harmonic analysis spectrograms can be
recorded on the same frequency calibrated chart using the Level Recorder.

39
 le ve l Recorde r
2305

Measur i ng Ampl if i er
2606

BFO
1022

100 - 120 kH z

120 kHz

Fig.5.19. Set-up for automatic recording of hearing aid harmonics

The percentage harmonic distortion can now be calculated and is defined

by:

Pr
p-x 100%

Where "Pr" is the RMS harmonic sound pressure level excluding funda-
mental and "P" is the overall RMS sound pressure level.

j+
Alternatively this can be expressed by:

~
22 + p32 + p4 2 + • - • - - - • -
X 100%
Harmonic Distortion= p + p + p + p ___ _
12 22 32 42
where P1 =amplitude of fundamental sound pressure
Pn = amplitude of the n th harmonic.

Note: When the "Rejection" output is used for harmonic analysis the
compressor feedback voltage can be taken from the "Output" of the same
instrument, since both "Rejection" and ,;Output" circuits function simul-
taneously.

40
C. MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS

Strain Measurements on Vibrated Objects

In the measuring of mechanical strain on objects under vibration, it is

essential that the vibration acceleration is kept constant within the range of
frequencies at which measurements are being taken and that inherent re-
sonances in the system have no effect on the magnitude of the driving force.

The illustration in Fig.5.20. shows a test rig for strain measurements of

sma II mechan ica I constructions, the B. F. 0. 1022 section of the Automatic
Frequency Response Recorder Type 3308 feeding the shaker, the object
under test being placed on the shaker table.

2623

Fig.5.20. Set-up for the measurement of vibration in small specimens.

To keep the acceleration constant a controlling system is utilized. This

system consists of an Accelerometer mounted on top of the test object. As
the acceleration has to be constant and under control the output voltage is
connected via a Preamplifier 2623 and a Measuring Amplifier 2606 to the
compressor input of the B.F.O.

By using the Measuring Amplifier 2606 the acceleration can be read

directly, so the force on the test object can be calculated knowing its mass.

41
 To measure the strain on the test object a resistance strain gage should be
used and a Strain Gage Apparatus 1516 will be found ideal as the measuring
bridge. The output voltage from the Strain Gage Apparatus can be fed
directly to a Level Recorder with linear potentiometer for automatic record-
ing.

An example of such a recording, taken on a thin metal bar, showing the

mechanical strain and indicating its resonant frequency, is shown in Fig.
5.21.

DODOODDODDDDODODOODODOOODD)
50
db

20
...
10

050 100 200 Hz 300

17oo l{q

Fig.5.21. Recording of mechanical strain in a bar.

Instrumentation set-up as in Fig.5.20.

42
 6. ACCESSORIES

10:1 GEAR UG 3000

When making narrow band frequency analyses of a spectrum that has

narrow resonances it is important to have a slow and constant sweep speed.
Clearly if the sweep speed varied, the narrow filter might jump past one of
the resonances.

The 2020 is driven electrically from the 1022 which is in turn driven by a
flexible shaft from the Level Recorder 2305. Hence for narrow band ana-
lyses the 10:1 Gear UG 3000 is recommended (Fig.6.1.). Generators 1022
or 1024 connect directly to this gear, which is driven from DRIVE SHAFT
II of the 2305 Level Recorder via the Flexible Shaft UB 0041, as shown in
Fig.6.2. Thus the mechanical loading on the Flexible Shaft is considerably
reduced and the sweep speed regulation is improved by a factor of 10 or
more.

To 1022 or 1024

To UB0041
Fig.6.1. The 10:1 Gear UG 3000

43
 Note: For correct synchronization of paper and sweep speed the syn-
chronizing Gear Lever X on the 2305 (Fig.6.2.) should be in its outer
position and the knobs PAPER SPEED and DRIVE SHAFT SPEED should
be set as in TABLE I

PAPER SPEED . DRIVE SHAFT SPEED

mm/sec. rpm.
0.0003 0.036
0.001 0.12
0.003 0.36
0.01 1.2
0.03 3.6
0.1 12
0.3 36
1.0 120

TABLE I

Drive Shaft li 1022 or 1024

@o

Level Recorder 10:1 Gear + ~ ~·;

UG~ ;e· ·~!
2305

~··· L____J • :. • ~~ :i ·
"'- - -·- ···:....;.· '
"'~:~"·· @

100-120 kHz
To
Slave Filter
2020
-17a1o 7

Fig.6.2. Connection of Gear UG 3000

44
OUTPUT TRANSFORMER TU 0005

This transformer is designed to allow symmetrical output from the atten-

uator output of the B.F.O. 1022. (Symmetry better than 0.1%). The out-
put impedance is 600Q and the distortion 0.5% at 20 Hz with maximum
output voltage from the B.F.O. (12.5 V). The accuracy of the Transformer
is ±0.2 dB in the frequency range 10Hz to 35kHz. In addition a core
material has been chosen for the transformer, which makes it possible to
"preload" the secondary winding with a current of 100 rnA without causing
additional distortion for frequencies above 300 Hz. The transformer ratio is
~

The voltage transmission loss of the transformer when loaded by 600Q is

approximately 16 dB.

45
 7. SPECIFICATIONS
Frequency Range 20-20.000 Hz.

Frequency Scales

Main Scale: Logarithmic over 3 decades.

Incremental Scale: Range of- 50 to+ 50 Hz of main scale setting.

Frequency Characteristics (without compressor loop)

Attenuator Output: Better than ± 0.3 dB

Load Output (with 1 watt load): Better than ± 0.5 dB

Distortion

Frequency Hz 20 200 2000 20,000

Attenuator Output
(rv 10 V output) 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2%
Load Output
(1 watt load) 0.3% 0.15% 0.15% 0.4%

Automatic Output Regulation

The built-in compressor amplifier maintains regulation up to 55 dB and will

maintain a constant voltage, current or sound pressure level to within 1.5 dB
over the whole frequency range. Linearity of the frequency characteristic is
better than ±0.3 dB.

Regulation speed variable in steps: 30-100-300-1000 dB/sec.

Frequency Deviation

Internal: Variable in steps, 0 ± 10 ± 16 ± 25 ±40 ± 63 ± 100 ± 160

±250Hz

External: With external generator continuously variable from 0 to

±300Hz. Maximum Modulation Sensitivity 5 mV/Hz (at 250Hz frequency
deviation).

46
Frequency Modulation

Internal: Variable in steps, 1-1.6-2.5-4-6.3-10-16-25 Hz.

Oscillator Stop

By silent push-button or by remote control.

Attenuator Output

Maximum Output Voltage 12 v

Load Output

Maximum Power Output 2.5W

Minimum permissible load impe-

dances are marked at the Matching
Impedance switch positions. They
are: 6il
60il
600il
6000il

120kHz and 100-120 kHz Outputs

Output Level approx. 200mV

Output Impedance 100il

Compressor Input

Input Impedance approx. 25 kil

Maximum input level 50V

Remote Control Socket

For the requirements of this socket, see Remote Control, Operation chap-
ter.

47
Accuracy of Attenuators

Over full frequency range 2%

Power Requirements

Mains supplies of 100-115-127-150-220-240 Volts AC and 50 to

400Hz.

Power consumption: Without load 20 Watt

With 2.5 W load 26 Watt

Cabinets:

With the mechanical design of all B & K apparatus, it is very easy to

interchange the instruments with the various cabinets. The instruments are
delivered in metal cases as standard fittings which can be mounted in any
desired way i.e. - mahogany cabinet or frame for 19" standard rack.

Type 1022A

The B.F.O. is in a metal case.

Type 10228

Similar to Type 1022A but the instrument and the metal case are housed
in a mahogany cabinet with cover. In this cabinet it is easy to transport the
instrument.

Type 1022C

Similar to Type 1022A, but it is supplied in a frame ready for mounting

the instrument in a 19" standard rack. The instrument is delivered together
with a chain wheel which can be coupled with the chain drive supplied with
2305 C. (The Level Recorder used for 19" standard rack mounting).

48
Dimensions:

Ext. dials and knobs Height Width Depth Weight

48cm 38cm 20cm 15 kg

Type 1022 A
19 inches 15 inches 8 inches 33 lbs

50.5 em 40cm 27.3 em 19 kg

Type 1022 B
20 inches 16 inches 11 inches 42 lbs

53.2 em 48.2cm 20.5cm 19 kg

Type 1022 C
21 inches 19 inches 8 inches 42 lbs

Accessories Supplied

1 Power Cord
1 Flexible Drive Shaft UB 0041
1 Remote Control Plug JP 4722
3 Fuses VF 0009
2 Scale Lamps VS 1271
2 Scale Lamps VS 1273

49
 BROEL & KJ.lER instruments cover the whole field of sound and vibration
measurements. The main groups are:

ACOUSTICAL MEASUREMENTS VIBRATION TESTING

Condenser Microphones Exciter Controls- Sine
Piezoelectric Microphones Exciter Controls -Sine - Random
Microphone Preamplifiers Exciter Equalizers, Random or Shock
Sound Level Meters Exciters
Precision Sound Level Meters Power Amplifiers
Impulse Sound Level Meters Programmer Units
Standing Wave Apparatus Stroboscopes
Noise Limit Indicators
Microphone Calibrators STRAIN MEASUREMENTS
Strain Gauge Apparatus
Multi-point Panels
ACOUSTICAL RESPONSE TESTING
Beat Frequency Oscillators Automatic Selectors
Random Noise Generators
Sine-Random Generators MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS
Voltmeters and Ohmmeters
Artificial Voices
Deviation Bridges
Artificial Ears
Measuring Amplifiers
Artificial Mastoids
Band-Pass Filter Sets
Hearing Aid Test Boxes
Frequency Analyzers
Audiometer Calibrators
Telephone Measuring Equipment Real Time Analyzers
Audio Reproduction Test Equipment Heterodyne Filters and Analyzers
Psophometer Filters
Tapping Machines
Statistical Distribution Analyzers
Turntables
RECORDING
VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS Level Recorders
Accelerometers Frequency Response Tracers
Force Transducers Tape Recorders
Impedance Heads
Accelerometer Preamplifiers DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
Vibration Meters Digital Encoder
Accelerometer Calibrators Digital Clock
Magnetic Transducers Computers
Capacitive Transducers Tape Punchers
Complex Modulus Apparatus Tape Readers

El AilE L & K.-.IJlE.R

DK-2850 N~rum, Denmark. Teleph. : (01) 80 05 00 .. Cable : BRUKJA, Copenhagen. Telex: 15316