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LONDON MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY LECTURE NOTE SERIES
Managing Editor: Professor M. Reid, Mathematics Institute,
University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom

The titles below are available from booksellers, or from Cambridge University Press at
http://www.cambridge.org/mathematics

299 Kleinian groups and hyperbolic 3-manifolds, Y. KOMORI, V. MARKOVIC & C. SERIES (eds)
300 Introduction to Möbius differential geometry, U. HERTRICH-JEROMIN
301 Stable modules and the D(2)-problem, F.E.A. JOHNSON
302 Discrete and continuous nonlinear Schrödinger systems, M.J. ABLOWITZ, B. PRINARI & A.D. TRUBATCH
303 Number theory and algebraic geometry, M. REID & A. SKOROBOGATOV (eds)
304 Groups St Andrews 2001 in Oxford I, C.M. CAMPBELL, E.F. ROBERTSON & G.C. SMITH (eds)
305 Groups St Andrews 2001 in Oxford II, C.M. CAMPBELL, E.F. ROBERTSON & G.C. SMITH (eds)
306 Geometric mechanics and symmetry, J. MONTALDI & T. RATIU (eds)
307 Surveys in combinatorics 2003, C.D. WENSLEY (ed.)
308 Topology, geometry and quantum field theory, U.L. TILLMANN (ed)
309 Corings and comodules, T. BRZEZINSKI & R. WISBAUER
310 Topics in dynamics and ergodic theory, S. BEZUGLYI & S. KOLYADA (eds)
311 Groups: topological, combinatorial and arithmetic aspects, T.W. MÜLLER (ed)
312 Foundations of computational mathematics, Minneapolis 2002, F. CUCKER et al (eds)
313 Transcendental aspects of algebraic cycles, S. MÜLLER-STACH & C. PETERS (eds)
314 Spectral generalizations of line graphs, D. CVETKOVIC, P. ROWLINSON & S. SIMIC
315 Structured ring spectra, A. BAKER & B. RICHTER (eds)
316 Linear logic in computer science, T. EHRHARD, P. RUET, J.-Y. GIRARD & P. SCOTT (eds)
317 Advances in elliptic curve cryptography, I.F. BLAKE, G. SEROUSSI & N.P. SMART (eds)
318 Perturbation of the boundary in boundary-value problems of partial differential equations, D. HENRY
319 Double affine Hecke algebras, I. CHEREDNIK
320 L-functions and Galois representations, D. BURNS, K. BUZZARD & J. NEKOVÁR (eds)
321 Surveys in modern mathematics, V. PRASOLOV & Y. ILYASHENKO (eds)
322 Recent perspectives in random matrix theory and number theory, F. MEZZADRI & N.C. SNAITH (eds)
323 Poisson geometry, deformation quantisation and group representations, S. GUTT et al (eds)
324 Singularities and computer algebra, C. LOSSEN & G. PFISTER (eds)
325 Lectures on the Ricci flow, P. TOPPING
326 Modular representations of finite groups of Lie type, J.E. HUMPHREYS
327 Surveys in combinatorics 2005, B.S. WEBB (ed)
328 Fundamentals of hyperbolic manifolds, R. CANARY, D. EPSTEIN & A. MARDEN (eds)
329 Spaces of Kleinian groups, Y. MINSKY, M. SAKUMA & C. SERIES (eds)
330 Noncommutative localization in algebra and topology, A. RANICKI (ed)
331 Foundations of computational mathematics, Santander 2005, L.M PARDO, A. PINKUS, E. SÜLI & M.J. TODD (eds)
332 Handbook of tilting theory, L. ANGELERI HÜGEL, D. HAPPEL & H. KRAUSE (eds)
333 Synthetic differential geometry (2nd Edition), A. KOCK
334 The Navier–Stokes equations, N. RILEY & P. DRAZIN
335 Lectures on the combinatorics of free probability, A. NICA & R. SPEICHER
336 Integral closure of ideals, rings, and modules, I. SWANSON & C. HUNEKE
337 Methods in Banach space theory , J.M.F. CASTILLO & W.B. JOHNSON (eds)
338 Surveys in geometry and number theory, N. YOUNG (ed)
339 Groups St Andrews 2005 I, C.M. CAMPBELL, M.R. QUICK, E.F. ROBERTSON & G.C. SMITH (eds)
340 Groups St Andrews 2005 II, C.M. CAMPBELL, M.R. QUICK, E.F. ROBERTSON & G.C. SMITH (eds)
341 Ranks of elliptic curves and random matrix theory, J.B. CONREY, D.W. FARMER, F. MEZZADRI & N.C. SNAITH (eds)
342 Elliptic cohomology, H.R. MILLER & D.C. RAVENEL (eds)
343 Algebraic cycles and motives I, J. NAGEL & C. PETERS (eds)
344 Algebraic cycles and motives II, J. NAGEL & C. PETERS (eds)
345 Algebraic and analytic geometry, A. NEEMAN
346 Surveys in combinatorics 2007, A. HILTON & J. TALBOT (eds)
347 Surveys in contemporary mathematics, N. YOUNG & Y. CHOI (eds)
348 Transcendental dynamics and complex analysis, P.J. RIPPON & G.M. STALLARD (eds)
349 Model theory with applications to algebra and analysis I, Z. CHATZIDAKIS, D. MACPHERSON, A. PILLAY &
A. WILKIE (eds)
350 Model theory with applications to algebra and analysis II, Z. CHATZIDAKIS, D. MACPHERSON, A. PILLAY &
A. WILKIE (eds)
351 Finite von Neumann algebras and masas, A.M. SINCLAIR & R.R. SMITH
352 Number theory and polynomials, J. MCKEE & C. SMYTH (eds)
353 Trends in stochastic analysis, J. BLATH, P. MÖRTERS & M. SCHEUTZOW (eds)
354 Groups and analysis, K. TENT (ed)
355 Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and turbulence, J. CARDY, G. FALKOVICH & K. GAWEDZKI
356 Elliptic curves and big Galois representations, D. DELBOURGO
357 Algebraic theory of differential equations, M.A.H. MACCALLUM & A.V. MIKHAILOV (eds)
358 Geometric and cohomological methods in group theory, M.R. BRIDSON, P.H. KROPHOLLER & I.J. LEARY (eds)
359 Moduli spaces and vector bundles, L. BRAMBILA-PAZ, S.B. BRADLOW, O. GARCÍA-PRADA & S. RAMANAN (eds)
360 Zariski geometries, B. ZILBER
361 Words: Notes on verbal width in groups, D. SEGAL
362 Differential tensor algebras and their module categories, R. BAUTISTA, L. SALMERÓN & R. ZUAZUA
363 Foundations of computational mathematics, Hong Kong 2008, F. CUCKER, A. PINKUS & M.J. TODD (eds)
364 Partial differential equations and fluid mechanics, J.C. ROBINSON & J.L. RODRIGO (eds)
365 Surveys in combinatorics 2009, S. HUCZYNSKA, J.D. MITCHELL & C.M. RONEY-DOUGAL (eds)
366 Highly oscillatory problems, B. ENGQUIST, A. FOKAS, E. HAIRER & A. ISERLES (eds)
367 Random matrices: High dimensional phenomena, G. BLOWER
368 Geometry of Riemann surfaces, F.P. GARDINER, G. GONZÁLEZ-DIEZ & C. KOUROUNIOTIS (eds)
369 Epidemics and rumours in complex networks, M. DRAIEF & L. MASSOULIÉ
370 Theory of p-adic distributions, S. ALBEVERIO, A.YU. KHRENNIKOV & V.M. SHELKOVICH
371 Conformal fractals, F. PRZYTYCKI & M. URBANSKI
372 Moonshine: The first quarter century and beyond, J. LEPOWSKY, J. MCKAY & M.P. TUITE (eds)
373 Smoothness, regularity and complete intersection, J. MAJADAS & A. G. RODICIO
374 Geometric analysis of hyperbolic differential equations: An introduction, S. ALINHAC
375 Triangulated categories, T. HOLM, P. JØRGENSEN & R. ROUQUIER (eds)
376 Permutation patterns, S. LINTON, N. RUŠKUC & V. VATTER (eds)
377 An introduction to Galois cohomology and its applications, G. BERHUY
378 Probability and mathematical genetics, N. H. BINGHAM & C. M. GOLDIE (eds)
379 Finite and algorithmic model theory, J. ESPARZA, C. MICHAUX & C. STEINHORN (eds)
380 Real and complex singularities, M. MANOEL, M.C. ROMERO FUSTER & C.T.C WALL (eds)
381 Symmetries and integrability of difference equations, D. LEVI, P. OLVER, Z. THOMOVA & P. WINTERNITZ (eds)
382 Forcing with random variables and proof complexity, J. KRAJÍCEK
383 Motivic integration and its interactions with model theory and non-Archimedean geometry I, R. CLUCKERS,
J. NICAISE & J. SEBAG (eds)
384 Motivic integration and its interactions with model theory and non-Archimedean geometry II, R. CLUCKERS,
J. NICAISE & J. SEBAG (eds)
385 Entropy of hidden Markov processes and connections to dynamical systems, B. MARCUS, K. PETERSEN &
T. WEISSMAN (eds)
386 Independence-friendly logic, A.L. MANN, G. SANDU & M. SEVENSTER
387 Groups St Andrews 2009 in Bath I, C.M. CAMPBELL et al (eds)
388 Groups St Andrews 2009 in Bath II, C.M. CAMPBELL et al (eds)
389 Random fields on the sphere, D. MARINUCCI & G. PECCATI
390 Localization in periodic potentials, D.E. PELINOVSKY
391 Fusion systems in algebra and topology, M. ASCHBACHER, R. KESSAR & B. OLIVER
392 Surveys in combinatorics 2011, R. CHAPMAN (ed)
393 Non-abelian fundamental groups and Iwasawa theory, J. COATES et al (eds)
394 Variational problems in differential geometry, R. BIELAWSKI, K. HOUSTON & M. SPEIGHT (eds)
395 How groups grow, A. MANN
396 Arithmetic differential operators over the p-adic integers, C.C. RALPH & S.R. SIMANCA
397 Hyperbolic geometry and applications in quantum chaos and cosmology, J. BOLTE & F. STEINER (eds)
398 Mathematical models in contact mechanics, M. SOFONEA & A. MATEI
399 Circuit double cover of graphs, C.-Q. ZHANG
400 Dense sphere packings: a blueprint for formal proofs, T. HALES
401 A double Hall algebra approach to affine quantum Schur–Weyl theory, B. DENG, J. DU & Q. FU
402 Mathematical aspects of fluid mechanics, J.C. ROBINSON, J.L. RODRIGO & W. SADOWSKI (eds)
403 Foundations of computational mathematics, Budapest 2011, F. CUCKER, T. KRICK, A. PINKUS & A. SZANTO (eds)
404 Operator methods for boundary value problems, S. HASSI, H.S.V. DE SNOO & F.H. SZAFRANIEC (eds)
405 Torsors, étale homotopy and applications to rational points, A.N. SKOROBOGATOV (ed)
406 Appalachian set theory, J. CUMMINGS & E. SCHIMMERLING (eds)
407 The maximal subgroups of the low-dimensional finite classical groups, J.N. BRAY, D.F. HOLT & C.M.
RONEY-DOUGAL
408 Complexity science: the Warwick master’s course, R. BALL, V. KOLOKOLTSOV & R.S. MACKAY (eds)
409 Surveys in combinatorics 2013, S.R. BLACKBURN, S. GERKE & M. WILDON (eds)
410 Representation theory and harmonic analysis of wreath products of finite groups, T. CECCHERINI-SILBERSTEIN,
F. SCARABOTTI & F. TOLLI
411 Moduli spaces, L. BRAMBILA-PAZ, O. GARCÍA-PRADA, P. NEWSTEAD & R.P. THOMAS (eds)
412 Automorphisms and equivalence relations in topological dynamics, D.B. ELLIS & R. ELLIS
413 Optimal transportation, Y. OLLIVIER, H. PAJOT & C. VILLANI (eds)
414 Automorphic forms and Galois representations I, F. DIAMOND, P.L. KASSAEI & M. KIM (eds)
415 Automorphic forms and Galois representations II, F. DIAMOND, P.L. KASSAEI & M. KIM (eds)
416 Reversibility in dynamics and group theory, A.G. O’FARRELL & I. SHORT
417 Recent advances in algebraic geometry, C.D. HACON, M. MUSTATA & M. POPA (eds)
418 The Bloch–Kato conjecture for the Riemann zeta function, J. COATES, A. RAGHURAM, A. SAIKIA &
R. SUJATHA (eds)
419 The Cauchy problem for non-Lipschitz semi-linear parabolic partial differential equations, J.C. MEYER &
D.J. NEEDHAM
420 Arithmetic and geometry, L. DIEULEFAIT et al (eds)
421 O-minimality and Diophantine geometry, G.O. JONES & A.J. WILKIE (eds)
422 Groups St Andrews 2013, C.M. CAMPBELL et al (eds)
423 Inequalities for graph eigenvalues, Z. STANIĆ
424 Surveys in combinatorics 2015, A. CZUMAJ et al (eds)
London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series: 420

Arithmetic and Geometry

Edited by

L U I S D I E U L E FA I T
Universitat de Barcelona

G E R D FA LT I N G S
Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik (Bonn)

D . R. HEATH-BROWN
University of Oxford

Y U . V. M A N I N
Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik (Bonn)

B . Z . M O RO Z
Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik (Bonn)

JEAN-PIERRE WINTENBERGER
Université de Strasbourg
 University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom

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It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of
education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.

www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107462540

c Cambridge University Press 2015
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2015
Printed in the United Kingdom by Clays, St Ives plc
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data
Arithmetic and geometry / edited by Luis Dieulefait, Universitat de Barcelona
[and five others].
pages cm. – (London Mathematical Society lecture note series ; 420)
Papers presented at the trimester on “Arithmetic and Geometry” at the Hausdorff
Research Institute for Mathematics (University of Bonn), January–April 2013.
ISBN 978-1-107-46254-0
1. Number theory – Congresses. 2. Algebraic number theory – Congresses.
3. Geometry of numbers – Congresses. I. Dieulefait, Luis, editor.
QA241.A695 2015
510–dc23
2015001829
ISBN 978-1-107-46254-0 Paperback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of
URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication,
and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain,
accurate or appropriate.
 Contents

Preface page vii

Introduction ix
List of participants x
Trimester Seminar xiii
Workshop on Serre’s conjecture xxiii
The research conference xxviii

1 Galois groups of local fields, Lie algebras and ramification 1

Victor Abrashkin
2 A characterisation of ordinary modular eigenforms with CM 24
Rajender Adibhatla and Panagiotis Tsaknias
3 Selmer complexes and p-adic Hodge theory 36
Denis Benois
4 A survey of applications of the circle method to rational points 89
T.D. Browning
5 Arithmetic differential equations of Painlevé VI type 114
Alexandru Buium and Yuri I. Manin
6 Differential calculus with integers 139
Alexandru Buium
7 Un calcul de groupe de Brauer et une application arithmétique 188
Jean-Louis Colliot-Thélène
8 Connectedness of Hecke algebras and the Rayuela
conjecture: a path to functoriality and modularity 193
Luis Dieulefait and Ariel Pacetti

v
vi Contents

9 Big image of Galois representations and congruence ideals 217

Haruzo Hida and Jacques Tilouine
10 The skew-symmetric pairing on the Lubin–Tate formal module 255
M. A. Ivanov and S. V. Vostokov
11 Equations in matrix groups and algebras over number fields
and rings: prolegomena to a lowbrow noncommutative
Diophantine geometry 264
Boris Kunyavskiı̆
12 On the -adic regulator as an ingredient of Iwasawa theory 283
L. V. Kuz’min
13 On a counting problem for G-shtukas 318
Ngo Dac Tuan
14 Modular forms and Calabi-Yau varieties 351
Kapil Paranjape and Dinakar Ramakrishnan
15 Derivative of symmetric square p-adic L-functions via
pull-back formula 373
Giovanni Rosso
16 Uniform bounds for rational points on cubic hypersurfaces 401
Per Salberger
17 Descent on toric fibrations 422
Alexei N. Skorobogatov
18 On filtrations of vector bundles over P1Z 436
A. Smirnov
19 On the dihedral Euler characteristics of Selmer groups of
Abelian varieties 458
Jeanine Van Order
20 CM values of higher Green’s functions and regularized
Petersson products 493
Maryna Viazovska
 Preface

The trimester on “Arithmetic and Geometry” at the Hausdorff Research

Institute for Mathematics (University of Bonn) took place in January – April
2013. In the next few pages the reader will find a list of the participants of
the trimester, the descriptions of the session on Serre’s conjecture, conducted
by L.V. Dieulefait and J.-P. Wintenberger, and of the session on counting
rational points on algebraic varieties, conducted by D.R. Heath-Brown, the
programmes of the workshop on Serre’s conjecture and of the final research
conference, and a list of the talks given at the HIM during the trimester. The
participants were invited to submit their papers for publication in this volume.
The papers appearing in the volume have been carefully refereed.
Acknowledgements. We wish to record our gratitude to the Hausdorff
Research Institute, and in particular to its director, Professor Dr W. Lück, for
the hospitality and financial support we received.

L.V. Dieulefait, G. Faltings, D.R. Heath-Brown, Yu.I. Manin,

B.Z. Moroz, and J.-P. Wintenberger (editors).

vii
 Introduction

The main theme of the trimester was the interplay of different methods used
in modern number theory. We wish to emphasize the new results and conjec-
tures in arithmetic geometry, having direct bearing on the classical number
theoretic problems. Two sessions, on the recently proved Serre’s conjecture
from 15 January to 14 February (organizers: L. Dieulefait and J.-P. Winten-
berger) and on counting rational points on algebraic varieties from 15 March
to 14 April (organizer: D.R. Heath-Brown), as well as a couple of shorter
workshops, several seminars, and mini-courses were organized. The trimester
culminated in a research conference from 15 to 19 April.
The aim of the session “Serre’s conjecture” was to report on recent works
linked to that conjecture, in particular about Galois representations and
automorphic representations. During the weeks starting on 14 January and
21 January, Henri Carayol lectured on his work on the algebraic properties
of Griffiths-Schmid varieties. The Griffiths-Schmid varieties are analytic vari-
eties classifying Hodge structures. Studying their algebraic properties might be
a step towards constructing Galois representations associated to automorphic
representations appearing in the cohomology of these varieties. Our second
theme related to the recent work of Michael Harris, Kai-Wen Lan, Richard
Taylor and Jack Thorne, who have constructed Galois representations asso-
ciated to not necessarily self-dual automorphic representations. The proof
heavily relies on p-adic properties of automorphic representations.
The aim of the session “counting rational points on algebraic varieties” was
to report on recent works on the existence, frequency and distribution of ratio-
nal points on algebraic varieties. Thus the main themes were local to global
principles, Manin’s conjecture, developments of the Hardy-Littlewood method
and the determinant method.

ix
 List of participants

Victor Abrashkin (University of Durham)

Rajender Adibhatla (Universität Regensburg)
Shabnam Akhtari (University of Oregon)
Paloma Bengoechea (College de France)
Denis Benois (Université Bordeaux 1)
Tobias Berger (University of Sheffield)
Yuri Bilu (IMB Université Bordeaux I)
Marco Boggi (University of Los Andes)
Pierre Le Boudec (Institute of Advanced Study)
Régis de la Bretéche (Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu – Paris Rive
Gauche, UMR 7586 Université Paris-Diderot)
Christophe Breuil (Université Paris-Sud)
Tim Browning (University of Bristol)
Jörg Brüdern (Universität Göttingen)
Roman Budylin (Steklov Mathematical Institute)
Alexandru Buium (University of New Mexico)
Alberto Cámara (University of Nottingham)
Henri Carayol (L’Université de Strasbourg et du CNRS)
Magnus Carlson (University of Stockholm)
Tommaso Centeleghe (Universität Heidelberg)
Huan Chen (Ecole normale superieure ENS)
Narasimha Kumar Cheraku (Ruprecht Karls Universität Heidelberg)
Przemyslaw Chojecki (Institut Mathématique de Jussieu)
Laurent Clozel (Université de Paris Sud 11)
Jean-Louis Colliot-Thélène (Université Paris-Sud)
David Mendes da Costa (University of Bristol)
Tuan Ngo Dac (Université de Paris 13)

x
 List of participants xi

Ulrich Derenthal (Universität München)

Fred Diamond (King’s College London)
Rainer Dietmann (Royal Holloway, University of London)
Luis Dieulefait (Universitat de Barcelona)
Gerd Faltings (Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik)
Ivan Fesenko (University of Nottingham)
Nuno Freitas (Universitat de Barcelona)
Wojciech Jerzy Gajda (The Adam Mickiewicz University)
David Geraghty (Institute for Advanced Study)
Sergey Gorchinskiy (Steklov Mathematical Institute)
Frank Gounelas (Humboldt University)
Xavier Guitart (Universität Duisburg-Essen)
Shuvra Gupta (University of Iowa)
Shai Haran (Technion – Israel Institute of Technology)
Michael Harris (Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu)
Roger Heath-Brown (University of Oxford)
Florian Herzig (University of Toronto)
Alexander Ivanov (Universität Heidelberg)
Mikhail Ivanov (Saint-Petersburg State University)
Andrew Kresch (Universität Zürich)
Lars Kühne (SNS Pisa)
Boris Kunyavskii (Bar-Ilan University)
Leonid Kuzmin (National Research Center Kurchatov Institute)
Kai-Wen Lan (University of Minnesota)
Dmitry Logachev (Universidad Simon Bolivar)
Oliver Lorscheid (IMPA)
Daniel Loughran (Leibniz Universität Hannover)
Yuri Manin (Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik)
Oscar Marmon (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen)
Lilian Matthiesen (University of Bristol)
David McKinnon (University of Waterloo)
Boris Moroz (Universität Bonn)
Jeanine Van Order (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)
Denis Osipov (Steklov Mathematical Institute)
Ambrus Pál (Imperial College London)
Aftab Pande (Cidade Universitária Ilha do Fundao)
Alexej Parshin (Steklov Mathematical Institute)
Florian Pop (University of Pennsylvania)
Dinakar Ramakrishnan (Caltech)
Giovanni Rosso (Université Paris 13)
xii List of participants

Mohamed Saidi (Exeter University)

Per Salberger (Chalmers University of Technology)
Damaris Schindler (University of Bristol)
Mehmet Haluk Sengun (University of Warwick)
Evgeny Shinder (Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik)
Ceclia Salgado Guimaraes da Silva (UFRJ)
Alexei Skorobogatov (Imperial College London)
Arne Smeets (Université Paris-Sud 11)
Aleksander Smirnov (Steklov Institute of Mathematics in St. Petersburg)
Efthymios Sofos (University of Bristol)
Cesar Alejandro Soto Posada (Universität Tübingen)
Mike Swarbrick Jones (University of Bristol)
Jack Thorne (Harvard University)
Jacques Tilouine (Université Paris 13)
Yuri Tschinkel (New York University)
Pankaj Hemant Vishe (University of York)
Sergei Vostokov (University of St. Petersburg)
Yosuhiro Wakabayashi (Kyoto University)
Gabor Wiese (Université du Luxembourg)
Nicholas Williams (University of Exeter)
Jean-Pierre Wintenberger (Université Strasbourg)
Trevor Wooley (University of Bristol)
Yanhong Yang (Universität Mainz)
Adrin Zenteno (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México)
 Trimester Seminar

January 8, Jeanine Van Order, Iwasawa main conjectures for G L(2) via
Howard’s criterion (abstract). In this talk, I will present the Iwasawa main
conjectures for Hilbert modular eigenforms of parallel weight two in dihe-
dral or anticyclotomic extensions of CM fields. The first part will include an
overview of known results, as well as some discussion of open problems and
applications (e.g. to bounding Mordell-Weil ranks), and should be accessible
to the non-specialist. The second part will describe the p-adic L-functions
in more detail, as well as the non-vanishing criterion of Howard (and its
implications for the main conjectures).
January 15, Oliver Lorscheid, A blueprinted view on F1 -geometry
(abstract). A blueprint is an algebraic structure that “interpolates” between
multiplicative monoids and semirings. The associated scheme theory applies
to several problems in F1 -geometry: Tits’s idea of Chevalley groups and build-
ings over F1 , Euler characteristics as the number of F1 -rational points, total
positivity, K-theory, Arakelov compactifications of arithmetic curves; and it
has multiple connections to other branches of algebraic geometry: Lambda-
schemes (after Borger), log schemes (after Kato), relative schemes (after Toen
and Vaquie), congruence schemes (after Berkovich and Deitmar), idempotent
analysis, analytic spaces and tropical geometry. After a brief overview and an
introduction to the basic definitions of this theory, we focus on the combinato-
rial aspects of blue schemes. In particular, we explain how to realize Jacques
Tits’s idea of Weyl groups as Chevalley groups over F1 and Coxeter complexes
as buildings over F1 . The central concepts are the rank space of a blue scheme
and the Tits category, which make the idea of “F1 -rational points” rigorous.
January 16, Jean-Pierre Wintenberger, Introduction to Serre’s modu-
larity conjecture (abstract). This lecture is intended for non-specialists. We
state Serre’s modularity conjecture and give some consequences and hints on
its proof.

xiii
xiv Trimester Seminar

January 17, Henri Carayol, Realization of some automorphic forms and

rationality questions (Part I) (abstract). In this first (and mostly introductory)
talk I shall recall some (well-known) facts on the realization of automorphic
forms in the cohomology groups of some geometric objects, and the rela-
tion with the arithmetic properties of such forms. I shall introduce locally
symmetric varieties, Shimura varieties and the more exotic Griffiths-Schmid
varieties. I shall discuss the case of automorphic forms whose archimedean
component is a limit of discrete series. In the case of degenerate limits, the
only known realization uses the coherent cohomology of Griffiths-Schmid
varieties.
January 21, Günter Harder, Modular construction of mixed motives
and congruences (Part I) (abstract). Starting from a Shimura variety S and
its compactification S v we construct certain objects, which can be thought of
as being mixed motives. These mixed motives give rise to certain elements
of E xt1 groups. We can use the theory of Eisenstein cohomology to compute
the Hodge-de-Rham extension classes of these extensions. We also have some
conjectural formulas for these extensions as Galois modules. Assuming the
correctness of these formulas for the Galois extension class we can derive con-
gruences between eigenvalues of Hecke operators acting on the cohomology of
different arithmetic groups, these congruences are congruences modulo primes
l dividing certain special values of L-functions. These congruences have been
verified experimentally in many cases. They imply the reduciblity of certain
Galois-representations mod l.
January 22, Yuri Manin, Non-commutative generalized Dedekind
symbols (abstract). Classical Dedekind symbol was introduced and stud-
ied in connection with functional equation of Dedekind eta-function. Later
it was generalized and had multiple applications, in particular to topologi-
cal invariants. I will define and study generalized Dedekind symbols with
values in non-necessarily commutative groups, extending constructions of
Sh. Fukuhara done in the commutative context. Basic examples of such sym-
bols are obtained by replacing period integrals of modular forms by iterated
period integrals. I will also explain the interpretation of such symbols in terms
of non-commutative 1-cocycles.
January 23, Henri Carayol, Realization of some automorphic forms
and rationality questions (Part II) (abstract). This talk is a continuation of
part I.
January 24, Michael Harris, Eisenstein cohomology and construction
of Galois representations (Part I) (abstract). I will report on some aspects of
the joint work with Lan, Taylor, and Thorne, which attaches compatible fami-
lies of l-adic Galois representations to a cuspidal cohomological automorphic
 Trimester Seminar xv

representation of G L(n) of a CM field. Earlier work by many authors had

treated the case where the automorphic representation is dual to its image
under complex conjugation; under this hypothesis, the Galois representa-
tions in question, or closely related representations, can be obtained directly
in the cohomology with twisted coefficients of Shimura varieties attached
to unitary groups. Without the duality hypothesis, this is no longer possi-
ble; instead, the representations are constructed by p-adic approximation of
Eisenstein cohomology classes by cuspidal classes in an appropriate (infinite-
dimensional) space of p-adic modular forms. The lectures will concentrate on
the construction of Eisenstein classes, the relation to p-adic modular forms and
the definition of Galois representations by p-adic approximation.
January 25, Michael Harris, Eisenstein cohomology and construction
of Galois representations (Part II) (abstract). This talk is a continuation of
part I.
January 28, Günter Harder, Modular construction of mixed motives
and congruences (Part II) (abstract). This talk is a continuation of part I.
January 28, Fred Diamond, The weight part of Serre’s conjecture for
G L(2) over totally real fields (abstract). I will review the statement of the
weight part of Serre’s conjecture for G L(2) over totally real fields. I will
describe what has been proved by Gee and his coauthors, and give a brief
overview of the methods.
January 30, Luis Dieulefait, Non-solvable base change for G L(2)
(abstract). We will show that any classical cuspidal modular form can be lifted
to any totally real number field. The proof uses a recent Modularity Lifting
Theorem proved by Barnet-Lamb, Gee, Geraghty and Taylor (plus a variant of
it proved by Gee and the speaker) and another one by Kisin that is used in the
“killing ramification” step. The core of the proof is the construction of a “safe”
chain of congruences linking to each other any given pair of cuspforms. The
safe chain that we will construct is also a key input in the proof of other cases
of Langlands functoriality, but this will be explained in another talk (see the
abstracts for the conference week).
January 31, Kai-Wen Lan, Galois representations for regular algebraic
cuspidal automorphic representations over CM fields (part I) (abstract). I
will report on my joint work with Michael Harris, Richard Taylor and Jack
Thorne on the construction of p-adic Galois representations for regular alge-
braic cuspidal automorphic representations of G L(n) over CM (or totally real)
fields, without hypotheses on self-duality or ramification. (This should be
considered as part III of a series of four talks, the first two being given by
Michael Harris in the previous week.)
xvi Trimester Seminar

February 1, Kai-Wen Lan, Galois representations for regular algebraic

cuspidal automorphic representations over CM fields (part II) (abstract).
This is a continuation of part I.
February 12, David Geraghty, The Breuil-Mezard conjecture for
quaternion algebras (abstract). The Breuil-Mezard conjecture relates the
complexity of certain deformation rings for mod p representations of the
Galois group of Q p with the representation theory of G L 2 (F p ). Most cases
of the conjecture were proved by Kisin who established a link between the
conjecture and modularity lifting theorems. In this talk I will discuss a gen-
eralization of the conjecture to quaternion algebras (over an arbitrary finite
extension of Q p ) and show how it follows from the original conjecture for
G L(2). This is a joint work with Toby Gee.
February 18, Boris Kunyavskii, Geometry and arithmetic of word maps
in simple matrix groups (abstract). We wil discuss various geometric and
arithmetic properties of matrix equations of the form

P(X 1 , . . . , X d ) = A,

where the left-hand side is an associative non-commutative monomial in X i ’s

and their inverses, and the right-hand side is a fixed matrix. Solutions are
sought in some group G ⊂ G L(n, R). We will focus on the case where
the group G is simple, or close to such. We will give a survey of classical
and recent results and open problems concerning this equation, concentrating
around the following questions (posed for geometrically and/or arithmetically
interesting rings and fields R): is it solvable for any A?, is it solvable for a
“typical” A?, does it have “many” solutions?, does the set of solutions pos-
sess “good” local–global properties?, to what extent does the set of solutions
depend on A?. The last question will be discussed in some detail for the case
G = S L(2, q) and d = 2, where criteria for equidistribution were obtained in
our recent joint work with T. Bandman.
February 19, Shai Haran, Non-additive geometry (abstract). We give a
language for algebraic geometry based on non-additive generalized rings. In
this language, number fields look more like curves over a finite field. The ini-
tial object of generalized rings is the “field with one element”. This language
“sees” the real and complex primes of a number field, and there is a compacti-

ficaton Spec O K of Spec O K , O K being the ring of integers of a number field

K . The arithmetic surface Spec O K  Spec  O K exists and is not reduced to
its diagonal. And yet most of the Grothendieck algebraic geometry works with
generalized rings replacing commutative rings.
 Trimester Seminar xvii

February 20, Aleksander Smirnov, The internal and external prob-

lems of algebraic geometry over F1 (abstract). An introduction to Durov’s
approach will be given. The theory will be illustrated with several explicit
examples. Besides, we plan to discuss some problems caused by both the
development of the theory and the demands of its applications.
February 21, Marina Viazovska, CM values of higher Green’s func-
tions and regularized Petersson products (abstract). Higher Green functions
are real-valued functions of two variables on the upper half-plane, which are
bi-invariant under the action of a congruence subgroup, have a logarithmic sin-
gularity along the diagonal, and satisfy the equation  f = k(1−k) f ; here  is
a hyperbolic Laplace operator and k is a positive integer. The significant arith-
metic properties of these functions were disclosed in the paper of B. Gross and
D. Zagier “Heegner points and derivatives of L-series” (1986). In the particular
√
case when k = 2 and one of the CM points is equal to −1, the conjecture
has been proved by A. Mellit in his Ph.D. thesis. In this lecture we prove that
conjecture for arbitrary k, assuming that all the pairs of CM points lie in the
same quadratic field. The two main parts of the proof are as follows. We first
show that the regularized Petersson scalar product of a binary theta-series and
a weight one weakly holomorphic cusp form is equal to the logarithm of the
absolute value of an algebraic integer and then prove that the special values
of weight k Green’s function, occurring in the conjecture of Gross and Zagier,
can be written as the Petersson product of that type, where the form of weight
one is the k − 1st Rankin-Cohen bracket of an explicitly given holomorphic
modular form of weight 2 − 2k and a binary theta-series. Algebraicity of regu-
larized Petersson products was also proved at about the same time by W. Duke
and Y. Li by a different method; however, our result is stronger since we also
give a formula for the factorization of the algebraic number in question.
February 26, David Mendes da Costa, Integral points on elliptic curves
and the Bombieri-Pila bounds (abstract). In 1989, Bombieri and Pila found
upper bounds for the number of integer points of (naive exponential) height at
most B lying on a degree d affine plane curve C. In particular, these bounds are
both uniform with respect to the curve C and the best possible with this con-
straint. It is conjectured though that if we restrict to curves with positive genus
then the bounds can be broken. In this talk we shall discuss progress towards
this conjecture in the case of elliptic curves and an application to counting
rational points on degree 1 del Pezzo surfaces.
February 27, Lars Kühne, Effective and uniform results of André-Oort
type (abstract). The André-Oort Conjecture (AOC) states that the irreducible
components of the Zariski closure of a set of special points in a Shimura
variety are special subvarieties. Here, a special variety means an irreducible
xviii Trimester Seminar

component of the image of a sub-Shimura variety by Hecke correspondence.

The AOC is an analogue of the classical Manin-Mumford conjecture on the
distribution of torsion points in abelian varieties. In fact, both conjectures are
considered as special instances of the far-reaching Zilber-Pink conjecture(s).
I will present a rarely known approach to the AOC that goes back to Yves
André himself: Before the model-theoretic proofs of the AOC in certain cases
by the Pila-Wilkie-Zannier approach, André presented in 1998 the first proof
of the AOC in a non-trivial case, namely, a product of two modular curves.
In my talk, I discuss several results in the style of André’s method, allowing
to compute all special points in a non-special curve of a product of two mod-
ular curves. These results are effective – as opposed to the results that could
be obtained by the Pila-Wilkie-Zannier approach – and have also the further
advantage of being uniform in the degrees of the curve and its field of defini-
tion. For example, this allows to show that, in fact, there are no two singular
moduli x and y satisfying x + y = 1.
February 28, Nuno Freitas, Fermat-type equations of signature (r, r, p)
(abstract). In this talk I plan to discuss how a modular approach via the Hilbert
cusp-forms can be used to attack equations of the form x r + y r = C z p , where r
is a fixed prime and p varies. We first relate a possible solution of that equation
to solutions of several related Diophantine equations over certain totally real
fields F. Then we attach Frey curves E over F to the solutions of the latter
equations. After proving modularity of E and irreducibility of certain Galois
representations attached to E we can use the modular approach. We apply the
method to solve equations in the particular case of signature (13, 13, p).
March 4, Leonid Kuzmin, l-adic regulator of an algebraic number field
and Iwasawa theory (abstract). We give a new definition of the l-adic regula-
tor, which makes sense for any (not necessarily totally real) algebraic number
field, present a few results and conjectures, relating to that notion, and discuss
the behaviour of the l-adic regulator in a Zl -cyclotomic extension of the field.
March 4, Alexander Ivanov, Arithmetic and anabelian geometry of
stable sets of primes in number fields (abstract). We define a new class of
sets – stable sets – of primes in number fields. For example, Chebotarev sets
are very often stable. Those sets have positive (but arbitrary small) Dirichlet
density and generalize the notion of a set of density 1, in the sense that arith-
metic theorems like certain Hasse principles, the Grünwald-Wang theorem, the
Riemann existence theorem, etc. hold for them. Geometrically, this allows to
give examples of infinite sets with arbitrarily small positive density such that
the corresponding arithmetic curves are algebraic K (π, 1) and, using some fur-
ther ideas, to generalize (a part of) the Neukirch-Uchida birational anabelian
theorem to stable sets.
 Trimester Seminar xix

March 5, Tuan Ngo Dac, On the problem of counting shtukas (abstract).

I will introduce the stacks of shtukas, explain its role in the Langlands program,
and then report on my work on the problem of counting shtukas.
March 7, Rajender Adibhatla, Modularity of certain two-dimensional
mod p n representations of G Q (abstract). For an odd rational prime p and
integer n > 1, we consider certain continuous representations

ρn : G Q → G L 2 (Z/ pn Z)

with fixed determinant, whose local restrictions “look like arising” from
modular Galois representations, and whose mod p reductions are odd and
irreducible. Under suitable hypotheses on the size of their images, we use
deformation theory to lift ρn to ρ in characteristic 0. We then invoke a
modularity lifting theorem of Skinner-Wiles to show that ρ is modular.
March 11, Frank Gounelas, Rationally connected varieties and free
curves (abstract). The first part of this talk will be a general introduction to
rationally connected varieties. I will then discuss various ways in which a vari-
ety can be “connected by curves of a fixed genus, mimicking the notion of
rational connectedness”. At least in characteristic zero, in the specific case
of the existence of a single curve with a large deformation space of mor-
phisms to a variety implies that the variety is in fact rationally connected. Time
permitting I will discuss attempts to show this result in positive characteristic.
March 12, Tommaso Centeleghe, On the decomposition of primes in
torsion fields of an elliptic curve (abstract). Let E be an elliptic curve over a
number field K and N be a positive integer. In this talk we consider the prob-
lem of describing how primes P of K of good reduction for E and away from
N decompose in the extension K (E[N ])|K . As it turns out, the class Frob P in
Gal(K (E[N ]|K )) can be completely described, apart of finitely many primes
P, in terms of the error term a P (E) and the j -invariant of E. The Hilbert
class polynomials, associated to imaginary quadratic orders, play a role in the
description. The main result relies on a theorem on elliptic curves over finite
fields.
March 13, Shuvra Gupta, Noether’s problem and rationality of invari-
ant spaces (abstract). In the early 1900s Emmy Noether asked the following
question: If a group G acts faithfully on a vector space V (over a field k), is
the field of invariants k(V )G rational, i.e. purely transcendental over k? The
answer (for k = Q or a number field) in general is no, and we will discuss
some consequences and variants of Noether’s problem. We will also discuss
the problem when the field k is algebraically closed, and techniques of testing
rationality of the fields of invariants using unramified cohomology groups.
xx Trimester Seminar

March 14, Mohamed Saidi, Some problems/results related to the

Grothendieck anabelian section conjecture (abstract). I will discuss some
(major) problems related to the Grothendieck anabelian section conjecture.
I will discuss two new results related to these problems and the section con-
jecture. First result: there exists a local–global principle for torsors under the
geometric prosolvable fundamental group of a proper hyperbolic curve over a
number field. Second result: the passage in the section conjecture from number
fields to finitely generated fields is possible under the assumption of finiteness
of suitable Shafarevich-Tate groups.
March 18, Sergey Gorchinskiy, Parameterized differential Galois
theory (abstract). Classical Galois theory studies symmetry groups of solu-
tions of algebraic equations. Differential Galois theory studies symmetry
groups of solutions of linear differential equations. We discuss the so-called
parameterized differential Galois theory which studies symmetry groups of
solutions of linear differential equations with parameters. The groups that
arise are linear differential groups given by differential equations (not nec-
essarily linear) on functions in parameters. We also discuss, in this connection,
derivations on Abelian categories and differential Tannakian categories.
March 19, Alexandru Buium, The concept of linearity for an arithmetic
differential equation (abstract). The concept of an ordinary differential equa-
tion has an arithmetic analogue in which the derivation operator is replaced
by a Fermat quotient operator. We would like to understand which arithmetic
differential equations should be considered as being “linear”.
Classical linear differential equations arise from differential cocycles of lin-
ear algebraic groups into their Lie algebras and their differential Galois groups
are algebraic groups with coefficients in the field of constants. On the other
hand one can prove that there are no such cocycles in the arithmetic context.
This leads one to introduce, in the arithmetic context, a new concept of “Lie
algebra”, “cocycles”, “linear” equations, and “differential Galois groups”; the
latter can be viewed as subgroups of the general linear group with coefficients
in the algebraic closure of the “field with one element”.
March 20, Roman Budylin, Adelic Bloch formula (abstract). Chern class
c2 (X ) is involved in the functional equation for two-dimensional schemes. To
get functional equation by the Tate method we need a local decomposition of
the Chern class, satisfying some properties. Bloch proves that the second Chern
class of a vector bundle with trivial determinant can be obtained by the bound-
ary homomorphism for the universal central extension of the sheaf SL(O X ). In
the talk, this construction will be used to get an adelic formula for the second
Chern class in terms of trivializations in scheme points. We will also discuss a
generalization of this formula for cn of vector bundles with ci = 0 for i < n.
 Trimester Seminar xxi

March 21, Alexej Parshin, A generalization of the Langlands corre-

spondence and zeta-functions of a two-dimensional scheme (abstract). We
introduce Abelian Langlands correspondence for algebraic surfaces defined
over a finite field. When the surface is a semi-stable fibration over an alge-
braic curve, we define two operations, automorphic induction and base change,
which connect this correspondence with the classical Langlands correspon-
dence on the curve. Some conjectural properties of these operations imply the
standard theorems for zeta- and L-functions on the surface (analytic continua-
tion and functional equation). In this approach we do not need to use the étale
cohomology theory.
March 22, Denis Osipov, Unramified two-dimensional Langlands
correspondence (abstract). We will describe the local unramified Langlands
correspondence for two-dimensional local fields (following an approach of
M. Kapranov). For this goal, we will construct a categorical analogue of
principal series representations of general linear groups of even degrees over
two-dimensional local fields and describe their properties. The main ingredi-
ent of this construction is a central extension of a general linear group defined
over a two-dimensional local field or over an adelic ring of a two-dimensional
arithmetic scheme. We will prove reciprocity laws for such central extensions,
i.e. splittings of the central extensions over some subgroups defined over rings
constructed by means of points or by integral one-dimensional subschemes of
a two-dimensional arithmetic scheme.
March 25, Rainer Dietmann, On quantitative versions of Hilbert’s
irreducibility theorem (abstract). If f (X, Y ) is an irreducible rational poly-
nomial, then by Hilbert’s irreducibility theorem for infinitely many rational
specialisations of X the resulting polynomial in Y is still irreducible over the
rationals. In this talk we want to discuss quantitative versions of this result,
using recent advances from the determinant method on bounding the number
of points on curves.
March 27, Roger Heath-Brown, Pairs of quadratic forms in 8 variables
(abstract). We show that a smooth intersection of two quadrics in P 7 , defined
over a number field, satisfies the Hasse principle and weak approximation. The
proof is based on the work of Colliot-Thélène, Sansuc and Swinnerton-Dyer
on Chatelet surfaces, which enables one to reduce the problem to a purely local
problem. The first part of the talk will discuss the background and the overall
strategy of the proof, and the second part will look in a little more detail at
some of the methods involved.
April 2, Pankaj Vishe, Cubic hypersurfaces and a version of the circle
method over number fields (abstract). A version of the Hardy-Littlewood
circle method is developed for number fields K and is used to show that any
xxii Trimester Seminar

non-singular projective cubic hypersurface over K of dimension ≥ 8 always

has a K -rational point. This is a joint work with T. Browning.
April 3, Efthymios Sofos, Counting rational points on the Fermat
surface (abstract). In this talk we shall discuss progress towards finding lower
bound for the number of rational points of bounded height on the Fermat
cubic surface. The argument is based on a uniform asymptotic estimate for
the associated counting function on conics.
April 5, Jörg Brüdern and Trevor Wooley, Systems of cubic forms at
the convexity barrier (abstract). We describe recent joint work concerning
the validity of the Hasse principle for systems of diagonal cubic forms. The
number of variables required meets the convexity barrier. Certain features of
our methods are motivated by work of Gowers on Szemeredi’s theorem.
April 8, Mike Swarbrick Jones, Weak approximation on cubic hyper-
surfaces of large dimension (abstract). A natural question in arithmetic
geometry is to investigate weak approximation on varieties. If the dimension
of the variety is large compared to the degree, our most successful tool is the
circle method, however there are cases where using this is not feasible given
our current state of knowledge. In this talk I will sketch a proof that weak
approximation holds for generic cubic hypersurfaces of dimension at least 17,
in particular discussing a fibration method argument that applies to the cases
where the usual application of the circle method is not possible.
April 10, Arne Smeets, Local–global principles for fibrations in torsors
under tori (abstract). This talk is a report on work in progress about local–
global principles for varieties fibred over the projective line. In particular,
we will study the Brauer-Manin obstruction to the Hasse principle and weak
approximation for certain fibrations in torsors under tori, e.g. (multi-)norm
form equations. Our results are conditional on Schinzel’s hypothesis.
April 12, David Mendes da Costa, On uniform bounds for integral
points on elliptic curves (abstract). In 1989, Bombieri and Pila proved that
given a plane algebraic affine curve of degree d there are no more than
O(N 1/d+ ) integral points on the curve within a box of size N × N . More-
over, the implied constant in their bound depended only on the degree of the
curve and not on the equation. Such bounds are, in general, the best possible,
however, it is believed that by restricting to curves which have positive genus
one can do much better. In this talk we consider the problem of improving
these uniform bounds for integral points on elliptic curves. An application of
this work to degree one del Pezzo surfaces will be presented.
 Workshop on Serre’s conjecture

Monday, February 4
10:00 – 11:00 Fred Diamond (London King’s college): Explicit Serre weights
for two-dimensional Galois representations.
11:30 – 12:30 Denis Benois (Université Bordeaux 1): Trivial zeros of p-adic
L-functions and Iwasawa theory.
14:30 – 15:30 Tommaso Centeleghe (Universität Heidelberg): Computing the
number of certain mod p Galois representation.
16:00 – 17:00 Wojciech Gajda (UAM Poznań): Abelian varieties and l-adic
representations.
Tuesday, February 5
10:00 – 11:00 Tobias Berger (University of Sheffield): Eisenstein congruences
and modularity of Galois representations.
11:30 – 12:30 Christophe Breuil (Université de Paris-Sud): Ordinary represen-
tations of GLn (Q p ) and fundamental algebraic representations I.
14:30 – 15:30 Jeanine Van Order (EPFL Lausanne): Critical values of GL(2)
Rankin-Selberg L-functions.
16:00 – 17:00 Luis Dieulefait (Universitat de Barcelona): Some new cases of
Langlands functoriality solved.
Wednesday, February 6
10:00 – 11:00 Aftab Pande (Cidade Universitária Ilha do Fundao): Deforma-
tions of Galois representations and the theorems of Sato-Tate, Lang-Trotter
and others.

xxiii
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