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AP Human Study Guide - Google Docs

The document outlines key concepts and vocabulary related to various geographical topics, including spatial thinking, population dynamics, cultural processes, political structures, agricultural practices, urbanization, and industrial development. Each unit provides essential theories, models, and terms that are fundamental to understanding geography. The content is structured to facilitate learning about the complex interactions between human activities and the environment.

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nataliaveltri954
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8 views5 pages

AP Human Study Guide - Google Docs

The document outlines key concepts and vocabulary related to various geographical topics, including spatial thinking, population dynamics, cultural processes, political structures, agricultural practices, urbanization, and industrial development. Each unit provides essential theories, models, and terms that are fundamental to understanding geography. The content is structured to facilitate learning about the complex interactions between human activities and the environment.

Uploaded by

nataliaveltri954
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‭ nit 1: Thinking Geographically‬

U
‭Key Concepts:‬

‭Spatial thinking and patterns‬

‭Maps and types of maps (thematic, reference)‬

‭Map projections (Mercator, Robinson, Peters, etc.)‬

‭Scale: local, regional, national, global‬

‭Geographic data (census, satellite, GIS)‬

‭Vocabulary:‬

‭Absolute vs. relative location‬

‭Distance decay‬

‭Time-space compression‬

‭Site vs. situation‬

‭Environmental determinism vs. possibilism‬

‭Geographic Information System (GIS)‬

‭Remote sensing‬

‭ nit 2: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes‬


U
‭Key Concepts:‬

‭Population distribution and density‬

‭Demographic transition model (DTM)‬

‭Population pyramids‬

‭Malthusian theory vs. population policies‬

‭Types of migration: forced, voluntary, internal, international‬

‭Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration‬


‭Push and pull factors‬

‭Vocabulary:‬

‭Arithmetic, physiological, agricultural density‬

‭Natural Increase Rate (NIR)‬

‭Crude Birth Rate (CBR), Crude Death Rate (CDR)‬

‭Total Fertility Rate (TFR)‬

‭Dependency ratio‬

‭Immigration vs. emigration‬

‭Intervening obstacle‬

‭ nit 3: Cultural Patterns and Processes‬


U
‭Key Concepts:‬

‭Culture traits and cultural landscapes‬

‭Folk vs. popular culture‬

‭Language families and diffusion‬

‭Religions: universalizing vs. ethnic‬

‭Acculturation, assimilation, syncretism‬

‭Diffusion types: relocation, hierarchical, contagious, stimulus‬

‭Vocabulary:‬

‭Cultural hearth‬

‭Ethnocentrism‬

‭Cultural relativism‬

‭Lingua franca‬

‭Creole language‬
‭Secularism‬

‭Globalization and cultural convergence/divergence‬

‭ nit 4: Political Patterns and Processes‬


U
‭Key Concepts:‬

‭State, nation, nation-state, stateless nation‬

‭Sovereignty and territoriality‬

‭Types of boundaries (geometric, physical, cultural)‬

‭Gerrymandering and redistricting‬

‭Devolution and supranationalism (e.g., EU, UN)‬

‭Geopolitical theories (Rimland, Heartland)‬

‭Vocabulary:‬

‭Colonialism and imperialism‬

‭Self-determination‬

‭Federal vs. unitary states‬

‭Centripetal vs. centrifugal forces‬

‭Shatterbelt‬

‭Balkanization‬

‭EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone)‬

‭ nit 5: Agriculture and Rural Land-Use Patterns and Processes‬


U
‭Key Concepts:‬

‭Agricultural revolutions (1st, 2nd, Green Revolution)‬

‭Subsistence vs. commercial agriculture‬

‭Von Thünen model‬


‭Rural settlement patterns (clustered, dispersed, linear)‬

‭Land survey systems (metes and bounds, township and range)‬

‭Global food systems and sustainability‬

‭Vocabulary:‬

‭Intensive vs. extensive farming‬

‭Shifting cultivation, pastoral nomadism‬

‭Agribusiness‬

‭Desertification‬

‭GMOs‬

‭Monoculture‬

‭ nit 6: Cities and Urban Land-Use Patterns and Processes‬


U
‭Key Concepts:‬

‭Urban models: Burgess (concentric), Hoyt (sector), Harris-Ullman (multiple nuclei), Galactic City‬

‭Urbanization and suburbanization‬

‭Megacities and world cities‬

‭Gentrification and urban renewal‬

‭Housing and zoning practices‬

‭Edge cities and edge development‬

‭Vocabulary:‬

‭Central Business District (CBD)‬

‭Urban sprawl‬

‭Redlining‬
‭Blockbusting‬

‭Smart growth‬

‭Informal economy‬

‭Squatter settlements‬

‭ nit 7: Industrial and Economic Development Patterns and Processes‬


U
‭Key Concepts:‬

‭Sectors of the economy (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, quinary)‬

‭Models of development (Rostow’s Stages, Wallerstein’s World Systems)‬

‭Industrial location theories (Weber’s Least Cost Theory)‬

‭Just-in-time vs. bulk-reducing/bulk-gaining industries‬

‭Globalization of industry and outsourcing‬

‭Vocabulary:‬

‭GDP vs. GNI‬

‭HDI (Human Development Index)‬

‭Agglomeration‬

‭Maquiladoras‬

‭Special Economic Zones (SEZs)‬

‭Microloans‬

‭Neocolonialism‬

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