NEET BOTANY VOL-I PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION

248. In pedigree analysis symbol used for

EVALUATE YOURSELF - X consanguineous mating is
244. Shaded symbol represents black guinea pig
while open symbol represents white guinea pig. (1) (2)
Black skin dominant over white skin in guinea
pig. What is the possible genotype of III1 and
III2 respectively ? (3) (4)

249. Which one is the correct match?

(1) - Consanguineous mating
(2) - Sex unspecified
(3) - Male
(1) Bb and BB (2) BB and bb
(3) BB and BB (4) BB or Bb and bb (4) - Affected individuals
245. Study the given pedigree chart showing the 250. For analaysis of traits in several generations
inheritance of an X-linked trait controlled by in case of human beings, pedigree analysis is
gene ‘r’ essential because
(1) Controlled crosses can be performed
(2) Controlled crosses cannot be performed
(3) Changes or alterations during transmission of
genetic information does not occur
(4) Changed or altered genes do not cause
disorders in human beings
251. By pedigree analysis one cannot easily
What will be the genotype of individuals A, B, understand whether the trait in question is
C and D respectively? (1) Dominant (2) Recessive
r r r (3) Sex linked (4) Polygenic
(1) XX, X X, X X, XY (2) XX , XY, XX, XY
r r r r r r r 252. The family pedigree of queen victoria shows
(3) XX, X Y , X X , X Y (4) XX, X Y , XX, XY
246. Study the pedigree chart of a family that she was a
(1) Haemophilic (2) Colour blind
(3) Carrier for Haemophilia
(4) Carrier for colour blindness
253. In case of sickle cell anaemia part of
aminoacid chain of normal haemoglobin is
altered by
The trait traced in the above pedigree chart is (1) Incorporation of isoleusine in the place of proline
(1) dominant X-linked (2) recessive X-linked (2) Incorporation of valine in the place of glutamic
(3) autosomal dominant (4) autosomal recessive acid in  -chain
247. In the given pedigree, indicate whether the (3) Incorporation of Arginine in the place of
shaded symbols indicate dominant or recessive Glutamic acid
allele
(4) Deletion of one of the aminoacid at the 6th
position
254. Consider the following human disorders:
i. Haemophilia ii. Down’s Syndrome
iii. Cystic fibrosis iv. Colour bilindness
v. Night blindness
Which of these disorders exihibit ‘Mendelian’
pattern of inheritance?
(1) dominant X-linked (2) recessive X-linked (1) ii, iii and iv (2) i, ii and iii
(3) autosomal recessive (4) autosomal dominant (3) i, iii and v (4) i, iii and iv
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 PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION NEET BOTANY VOL-I
255. In sickle cell anaemia glutamic acid is replaced 263. Mendelian disorders are mainly determined
by valine. Which one of the following triplets by alternation of mutations in
codes for valine? (1) Haploid set of chromosomes
(1) G G G (2) A A G (2) Diploid set of chromosomes
(3) G A A (4) G U G (3) Linked genes (4) Single gene
256. Sickle cell anemia is 264. Most common prevalent Mendelian disorders
(1) Characterized by elongated sickle like RBCs are
with a nuleus (1) Haemophilia, cystic fibrosis and Down’s
(2) An autosomal linked dominant trait syndrome
(3) Caused by substitution of valine by glutamic (2) Sickle cell anaemia, colour blindness and
acid in the beta globin chain of haemoglobin Turner’s syndrome
(4) Caused by a change in a single base pair of (3) Colour blindness, phenylketonuria and
DNA Thalalassemia
257. Sickle cell anaemia induces due to (4) Phenylketonuria, Thalalassemia and Klinefelter’s
(1) Change of Amino Acid in  -chain of syndrome
Haemoglobin 265. Simple cut will result in nonstop bleeding in
(2) Change of Amino Acid in  - chain of case of
Haemoglobin (1) Sickle-cell anaemia (2) Thalassemia
(3) Change of Amino Acid in both  and  chain (3) Haemophilia (4) Colour blindness
of Haemoglobin 266. The mutant haemoglobin molecule under goes
polymerisation under low oxygen tension
(4) Change of Amino acid either  or  chain of causing the change in the shape of RBC in case
Haemoglobin of
258. Sickel cell anemia is the result of ___ mutation (1) Sickle-cell anaemia (2) Thalassemia
in the haemoglobin gene (3) Haemophilia (4) Colour blindness
(1) frame shift (2) deletion 267. An inborn error of metabolism in which the
(3) point (4) none of the above affected individual lacks an enzyme that
259. Cystic fibrosis, Myotonic dystrophy and converts aminoacid phenylalanine into
Thalassemia are tyrosine is
(1) Chromosomal disorders (1) Phenylketonuria (2) Thalassemia
(2) Autosomal recessive disorders (3) Haemophilia (4) Sickle-cell anaemia
(3) Mendelian disorders 268. Galactosaemia is
(4) Autosomal dominant disorders (1) Autosomal dominant gene disorder
260. In which of the following disorder a single (2) Autosomal recessive gene disorder
protein that is a part of the cascade of proteins (3) Sex-linked recessive disorders
involved in blood clotting is a affected? (4) Sex-chromosomal disorder
(1) Thalassemia (2) Sickle-cell anaemia 269. Tay Sach’s disease is
(3) Haemophilia (4) Phenylketonuria (1) Sex-linked recessive gene
261. Haemophilia is more commonly seen in human (2) Sex-linked dominant gene
males than in human females because (3) Autosomal dominant gene
(1) This disease is due to a Y-linked recessive (4) Autosomal recessive gene
mutation 270. Albinism in corn is due to
(2) This disease is due to an X-linked recessive (1) Pathogenic effect (2) Deficiency of light
mutation (3) Deficiency of mineral (4) lethal gene effect
(3) This disease is due to an X-linked dominant 271. Which of the following represent monosomy
mutation
(1) 2n – 1 (2) 2n + 1
(4) A greater proportion of girls die in infancy (3) 2n – 2 (4) 2n + 2
262. Albinism is a result of inability of the system 272. Klinefelter’s syndrome has
to convert amino acid
(1) 44 + XXY (2) 44 + XO
(1) Alanine (2) Tryptophan (3) 45 + XY (4) 66 + XXY
(3) Lysine (4) Phenylalanine
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273. Mental retardation in man associated with sex 283. The affected individuals are short statured in
chromosomal abnormality is due to disorders like
(1) Increase in X-complement (1) Turner’s syndrome, phenylketonuria
(2) Decrease in X-complement (2) Down’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome
(3) Increase in Y-complement (3) Klinefelter’s syndorme, Down’s syndrome
(4) Decrease in Y-complement (4) Turner’s syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome
274. Turner’s syndrome is due to 284. In which of the following disorder
gynaecomastia symptom is seen in individuals
(1) Monosomic chromosomes (1) Down’s syndrome (2) Turner’s syndrome
(2) Nullisomic chromosomes (3) Klinefelter’s syndrome (4) Phenylketonuria
(3) Trisomic chromosomes 285. Allosomic trisomy condition is seen in
(4) Tetrasomic chromosomes (1) Turner’s syndrome (2) Klinefelter’s syndrome
275. An abnormal human male phenotype involving (3) Down’s syndrome (4) Both 2 and 3
an extra Y chromosome (XYY) is a case of 286. Which of the following disorder is seen in
(1) Jacob’s syndrome (2) Intersex human female only?
(3) Edward syndrome (1) Turner’s syndrome (2) Down’s syndrome
(4) Klinefelter syndrome (3) Haemophilia (4) Klinefelter ’s
syndrome
276. A child is born with extra chromosome in each 287. Chromosomal aberrations are commonly
of its cells. This condition is usually a result of observed in
(1) Segregation (2) Hybridization (1) Normal cells (2) Undividing cells
(3) Non-disjunction (4) Crossing over (3) Cancer cells (4) Infected cells
277. Syndromes due to extra 18th autosomal 288. Polyploidy is due to the failure of cytokinesis
chromosome are known as after
(1) Patau Syndrome (2) Edward Syndrome (1) Prophase (2) Metaphase
(3) Cri-du-chat syndrome (4) Down Syndrome (3) Anaphase (4) Telophase
278. A woman with 47 chromosomes due to 289. Trisomy of 21st Chromosme was first
presence of additional 21 chromosome is described by
characterised by (1) Patau (2) Lang don Down
(3) Edward (4) Huntington
(1) Super femaleness (2) Turner’s syndrome
290. Turner’s syndrome and klinefelter’s syndrome
(3) Down’s syndrome (4) Triploidy can be easily studied by analysis of
279. Absence or excess or abnormal arrangement (1) Phenotype (2) Genotype
of one or more chromosomes results in (3) Karyotype (4) Holotype
(1) Point mutation 291. Congenital heart disease, big and wrinkled
(2) Chromosomal disorders tongue are symptoms of
(3) Mendelian disorders (4) Gene mutation (1) Turner’s syndrome (2) Klinefelter’s syndrome
280. Which of the disorder is related with the (3) Down’s syndrome (4) Patau’s syndrome
karyotype given below 47, +21 292. Palm is broad with characteristic palm crease
(1) Turners syndrome (2) Down’s syndrome is the symptom of
(1) Down’s syndrome (2) Turners’s syndrome
(3) Myotonic dystrophy (4) Cystic fibrosis (3) Edward’s syndrome ( 4 ) K l i n e f e l t e r ’s
281. Mark the correct match syndrome
(1) Turner’s syndrome - 45 + XO
(2) Phenylketonuria - 44 + XYY
EVALUATE YOURSELF - X KEY
(3) Klinefelter’s syndrome - 44 + XXY 244) 4 245) 1 246) 4 247) 4 248) 1
249) 2 250) 2 251) 4 252) 3 253) 2
(4) Thalassemia - 44 + YO 254) 4 255) 4 256) 4 257) 2 258) 3
282. Physical, psychomotor and mental 259) 3 260) 3 261) 2 262) 4 263) 4
development is retartedin an individual 264) 3 265) 3 266) 1 267) 1 268) 2
affected with 269) 4 270) 4 271) 1 272) 1 273) 1
(1) Down’s syndrome 274) 1 275) 1 276) 3 277) 2 278) 3
(2) Sickle Cell - anaemia 279) 2 280) 2 281) 3 282) 1 283) 2
284) 3 285) 2 286) 1 287) 3 288) 4
(3) Turner’s blindness (4) Colour blindness 289) 2 290) 3 291) 3 292) 1
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 PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION NEET BOTANY VOL-I
SEX LINKAGE
* When the genes are present on sex – chromosome they are termed as sex linked genes and such
phenomenon is known as sex linkage. Types of sex linkage are
* X- linkage: Genes of somatic characters are found on x-chromosome. The inheritance of x-linked
character may be through the males and females
* Eye colour in Drosophila:- Eye colour in Drosophila is controlled by a X- linked gene.
Colour Blindness:
* It is a sex-linked recessive disorder due to defect in either red or green cone of eye resulting in failure to
discriminate between red and ,green colour.
* This defect is due to mutation in certain genes present in the X chromosome. It occurs in about 8 per
cent of males and only about 0.4 per cent of females.
* This is because the genes that lead to red-green colour blindness are on the X chromosome.
* Males have only one X chromosome and females have two. The son of a woman who carries the gene
has a 50 per cent chance of being colour blind.
* The mother is not herself colour blind because the gene is recessive. That means that its effect is sup-
pressed by her matching dominant normal gene.
* A daughter will not normally be colour blind, unless her mother is a carrier and her father is colour blind.
 Types of colour blindness are
(a) Protanopia:- red colour blindness
(b) Deuteranopia:- green colour blindness
 Colour blindness is detected by ishihara – chart
 Other examples of X- linkage:

 Y- linkage: The genes of somatic characters are located on Y- chromosome. The inheritance of such type
of characters is only through the male.Such type of characters is called Holandric character. These
characters found only in male. Gene which is located on non-homologous region of Y- chromosome is
known as Holandric gene.
Example: 1) Gene which forms TDF/sry- gene 2) Hypertrichosis (excessive hair on ear pinna)
3) Porcupine hair in the man 4) Webbed toes in human beings
 XY linked / pseudo autosomal / incompletely sex linked gene: These are located on homologous
regions of X & Y chromosomes.
Example: (i) Xeroderma pigmentosum
(ii) Epidermolysis bullosa
 Types of Inheritance of sex linked characters:
 Criss cross inheritance (Morgan) : In criss-cross inheritance male or female parent transfer a X-linked
character to grandson or grand daughter through the offspring of opposite sex.
a) Diagenic (Diagynic): Inheritance in which characters are inherited from father to the daughter and from
daughter to grandson.
Father  daughter  grandson
b) Diandric: Inheritance in which characters are inherited from mother to the son and from son to grand
daughter.
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 NEET BOTANY VOL-I PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION
Mother  Son  Grand-daughter
 Non criss-cross inheritance: In this inheritance male or female parent transfer sex linked character to
grand son or grand daughter through the offspring of same sex.
a) Hologenic (Hologynic) :
Mother  Daughter  Grand -daughter (female to female)
b) Holandric : Father  Son  Grand-son(male to male)
 Sex-Limited Character
These characters are present in one sex and absent in another sex. But their genes are present in both the
sexes and their expression is depends on sex hormone.
Example: Secondary sexual characters  these genes are located on the autosomes and are present in
both male and female, but effect of these are depend upon presence or absence of sex-hormones.
For example- genes of beard-moustache express their effects only in the presence of male hormone-
testosterone.
 Sex Influenced Characters
Genes of these characters are also present on autosomes but they are infuenced differently in male and
female. In heterozygous condition their effect is different in both the sexes.
Examples: Baldness:- Gene of baldness is dominant (B).
Genotype Male Female
BB Baldness present Baldness present
bb Baldness absent Baldness absent
Bb Baldness present Baldness absent
 Gene Bb shows partiality in male and female, Baldness is found in male due to effect of this gene, but
baldness is absent in female with this genotype.

EVALUATE YOURSELF - XI 299. Which of the following is not a sex linked

293. In human beings, sex linked trait is characters
(1) Down’s syndrome (2) Colour blindness (1) Haemophilia (2) Colour blindness
(3) Curly hair (4) Sickle cell anaemia
(3) Hypertrichosis (4) Baldness
294. Which one is a sex-linked disease?
(1) Beri Beri (2) Phenyl ketonuria 300. The condition in which only one allele of a pair
(3) Albinism (4) DMD is peresent in a diploid organism is known as
295. Which of the following trait shows transmission (1) Homozygous (2) Heterozygous
from carrier female to male progeny? (3) Hemizygous (4) Incomplete dominance
(1) Autosomal domainant (2) X - linked recessive 301. A woman with normal vision but with
(3) Y - linked recessive (4) X - linked dominant colourblind father marries a colourblind man.
296. A Y-linked gene is responsible for The fourth child of the couple is a boy. This
hypertrichosis (long hair on ears). When an
affected man marries a normal woman, what boy
percentage of their daughters would be (1) May or may not be colourblind
expected to have hairy ears?
(1) 25% (2) 0% (2) Must be colourblind
(3) 50% (4) 100% (3) Must have normal vision
297. Sex linkage first observed by (4) Will be partially colourblind due to being
(1) Bateson (2) Correns heterozygous
(3) Morgan (4) Muller
298. In which of the following the inheritance takes EVALUATE YOURSELF - XI KEY
place only by male: 293) 2 294) 4 295) 2 296) 2 297) 3
(1) Nuclear (2) Cytoplasmic 298) 4 299) 4 300) 3 301) 1
(3) Co-dominance(4) Holandric inheritance
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