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The document outlines the OSI model's layers, including the Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application layers, detailing their functions and associated protocols. It also compares the OSI model with the TCP/IP model, highlighting differences in layer structure and reliability. Additionally, it discusses virtual circuits, their operation, advantages, and disadvantages in providing connection-oriented services.

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16 views3 pages

network materials

The document outlines the OSI model's layers, including the Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application layers, detailing their functions and associated protocols. It also compares the OSI model with the TCP/IP model, highlighting differences in layer structure and reliability. Additionally, it discusses virtual circuits, their operation, advantages, and disadvantages in providing connection-oriented services.

Uploaded by

nivethanive.1125
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Layer 4 – Transport Layer

The transport layer provides services to the application layer and takes services from the
network layer. The data in the transport layer is referred to as Segments. It is
responsible for the end-to-end delivery of the complete message. The transport layer
also provides the acknowledgment of the successful data transmission and re-transmits
the data if an error is found. Protocols used in Transport Layer
are TCP, UDP NetBIOS, PPTP.

Services Provided by Transport Layer

 Connection-Oriented Service
 Connectionless Service
Layer 5 – Session Layer
Session Layer in the OSI Model is responsible for the establishment of connections,
management of connections, terminations of sessions between two devices. It also
provides authentication and security. Protocols used in the Session Layer are NetBIOS,
PPTP.
Example
The “Messenger” here acts as the application layer which provides the user with an
interface to create the data. This message or so-called Data is compressed, optionally
encrypted (if the data is sensitive), and converted into bits (0’s and 1’s) so that it can be
transmitted.

Layer 6 – Presentation Layer


The presentation layer is also called the Translation layer. The data from the
application layer is extracted here and manipulated as per the required format to
transmit over the network. Protocols used in the Presentation Layer
are JPEG, MPEG, GIF, TLS/SSL, etc.

Layer 7 – Application Layer


At the very top of the OSI Reference Model stack of layers, we find the Application layer
which is implemented by the network applications. These applications produce the data
to be transferred over the network. This layer also serves as a window for the application
services to access the network and for displaying the received information to the user.
Protocols used in the Application layer are SMTP, FTP, DNS, etc.

Difference Between OSI and TCP/IP Model


OSI Model TCP/IP Model

TCP/IP stands for Transmission


OSI stands for Open Systems
Control Protocol/Internet
Interconnection.
Protocol.

TCP/IP model consists of 4


OSI model has 7 layers.
layers.

Package delivery is Package delivery is not


OSI Model TCP/IP Model

guaranteed in OSI Model. guaranteed in the TCP/IP Model.

In the OSI model, only layers All layers of the TCP/IP model
1,2 and 3 are necessary for are needed for data
data transmission. transmission.

Protocols at each layer is Layers are integrated; some


independent of the other layers are required by other
layer. layers of TCP/IP model.

OSI Model is a conceptual Widely used in actual networks


framework, less used in like Internet and
practical applications. Communication Systems.

Virtual Circuit is the computer network providing connection-oriented service. It is a


connection-oriented network. In virtual circuit resource are reserve for the time interval
of data transmission between two nodes. This network is a highly reliable medium of
transfer. Virtual circuits are costly to implement.

Working of Virtual Circuit:


 In the first step a medium is set up between the two end nodes.
 Resources are reserved for the transmission of packets.
 Then a signal is sent to sender to tell the medium is set up and transmission can be
started.
 It ensures the transmission of all packets.
 A global header is used in the first packet of the connection.
 Whenever data is to be transmitted a new connection is set up.

Advantages of Virtual Circuit:


1. Packets are delivered to the receiver in the same order sent by the sender.
2. Virtual circuit is a reliable network circuit.
3. There is no need for overhead in each packet.
4. Single global packet overhead is used in virtual circuit.
Disadvantages of Virtual Circuit:

1. Virtual circuit is costly to implement.


2. It provides only connection-oriented service.
3. Always a new connection set up is required for transmission.

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