Fall Final

AP Psychology

2024/2025
 Name:______________________ Date____________________Period_____________________

Fall Final
AP Psychology

Part 1: Multiple Choice: Choose the statement that best answers the question. Write the letter of
the answer using a CAPITAL letter next to the question number

1. A clinical psychologist who explains behavior in 4. Orville is talking with his friends at a cafeteria table
terms of unconscious drives and conflicts is when suddenly he is distracted by hearing his name
employing a(n) ________ perspective. at a neighboring table. Orville's shift of attention
most clearly illustrates which psychological concept?
(A) Evolutionary
(B) Psychodynamic (A) Inattentional blindness
(C) Behavioral (B) Gestalt psychology
(D) Social-cultural (C) The phi phenomenon
(E) Cognitive (D) The cocktail party phenomenon
(E) Stimulus desensitization

2. Which of the following is an example of sensory

adaptation? 5. At the age of 22, Mrs. LaBlanc was less than 4 feet
tall. Her short stature was probably influenced by the
(A) Finding the cold water of a swimming pool lack of a growth hormone produced by the
warmer after you have been in it for a while
(B) Developing an increased sensitivity to salt the (A) Pancreas.
more you use it in foods (B) Thyroid.
(C) Becoming very irritated at the continuing sound (C) Adrenal gland.
of a dripping faucet (D) Pituitary gland.
(D)All of these are examples (E) Myelin.

3. The basic experience of the stimulation of the body's 6. The auditory hallucinations experienced by people
senses is called: with schizophrenia are most closely linked with the
activation of areas in which brain area?
(A) Sensation
(B) Perception (A) Motor cortex
(C) Adaptation (B) Amygdala
(D) Cognition (C) Temporal lobes
(E) Conduction (D) Hypothalamus
(E) Sensory cortex
7. An eye-tracking device that measures an individual's 10. Helena did not recognize her English teacher when
ability to focus on and follow spots of light has been she unexpectedly saw him while traveling in Paris,
used for the assessment of even though she knew him well back in the
classroom. The fact that Helena can recognize her
(A) OCD. teacher back home more easily than in Paris best
(B) PTSD. demonstrates what concept?
(C) DID.
(D) ADHD. (A) Perceptual set
(E) DSM (B) Change blindness
(C) Synesthesia
(D) Functional fixedness
8. Which of the following is true? (E) Extrasensory perception

(A) The absolute threshold for any stimulus varies

somewhat. 11. Which of the following anatomical structures is
(B) The absolute threshold is defined as the minimum involved in the vestibular sense?
amount of stimulation necessary for a stimulus (A) Semicircular canals
to be detected 75 percent of the time. (B) Olfactory bulb
(C) The absolute threshold is defined as the minimum (C) Nociceptors
amount of stimulation necessary for a stimulus (D) Taste buds
to be detected 60 percent of the time. (E) Retinas
(D) The absolute threshold for any stimulus is a
constant.
12. When parents offer good-grade rewards to children
who already enjoy studying, they may find that the
9. Why is Wilhelm Wundt often considered the first children no longer enjoy studying and only enjoy the
scientific psychological researcher? rewards. Which of the following have the parents
accidentally removed from their children?
(A) His scientific philosophy was carefully built on
Descartes' idea about mind-body dualism. (A) Latent learning
(B) He gathered data through experiments in his lab. (B) Extrinsic motivation
(C) He treated patients with mental illnesses using a (C) Intrinsic motivation
medical model for the first time. (D) Insight learning
(D) His attention to genetic causes was ahead of his (E) Emotion-focused coping
time.
(E) He analyzed data from his studies using
inferential statistics. 13. Who highlighted the reproductive advantages of
environmentally adaptive traits?

(A) Plato
(B) Aristotle
(C) John Locke
(D) Charles Darwin
(E) William James
14. A strong stimulus can increase the 18. Which region of the brain plays a significant role in
our sense of alertness and arousal?
(A) Speed of the impulse the neuron fires
(B) Intensity of the impulse the neuron fires (A) Corpus callosum
(C) Number of times the neuron fires (B) Parietal lobe
(D) Threshold that must be reached before the neuron (C) Pons
fires (D) Hippocampus
(E) Reticular formation

15. Which of the following are most directly designed to

help determine whether the findings of a study reflect 19. If you flashed a picture of a spoon to the left visual
a truly replicable phenomenon rather than the field of a person whose corpus callousness had been
outcomes of chance processes? severed (so it was transmitted to her right
hemisphere), she would
(A) Inferential statistics
(B) Descriptive statistics (A) Be able to draw a spoon with her right hand but
(C) Standard deviation would not be able to say she had seen a spoon
(D) Extraneous variables (B) Be confused about whether she had seen a spoon
(E) Correlation coefficients (C) Be able to draw a spoon with her left hand but
would not be able to say she had seen a spoon
(D) Be able to tell you she had seen a spoon
16. Evolutionary psychologists seek to understand how (E) Be able to tell you she had seen something that
traits and behavioral tendencies have been shaped by rhymes with spoon
what?

(A) Genes 20. Which of the following statements has been

(B) Prenatal nutrition supported by the research of evolutionary
(C) Natural selection psychologists?
(D) Chromosomes
(E) DNA (A) Most adults are attracted to partners that in some
way remind them of their parents.
(B) The same factors determine sexual attraction in
17. Dr. MacPherson believes that the way students both males and females.
organize and think about the information in their (C) Men are attracted to women who appear fertile
textbooks will strongly influence their ability to later and capable of bearing children.
remember and use what they have studied. Dr. (D) The connection between sex and pleasure is
MacPherson's ideas most directly exemplify the mostly determined by culture.
________ perspective. (E) Women are attracted to older men.

(A) Social-cultural
(B) Cognitive
(C) Psychodynamic
(D) Humanistic
(E) Biological
21. The inheritance of behavioral characteristics was 25. Which is the most influential of the endocrine
emphasized by glands?

(A) John Locke. (A) Pituitary gland

(B) John Watson. (B) Dendrites
(C) Wilhelm Wundt. (C) Threshold glands
(D) Charles Darwin. (D) Adrenal glands
(E) B. F. Skinner. (E) Parasympathetic

22. In the brain, I outnumber neurons. I also provide 26. Which perspective is most concerned with the unique
nutrients to the neurons and help remove excess ways in which individuals interpret their own life
neurotransmitters. I am a _________ experiences?

(A) Hormone (A) Behavioral

(B) Myelin sheath (B) Cognitive
(C) Glial cell (C) Biological
(D) Gland (D) Evolutionary
(E) Psychodynamic

23. Mrs. Thompson believes that her son has become an

excellent student because she consistently uses praise 27. Dr. Frankenstein made a mistake during
and affection to stimulate his learning efforts. Her neurosurgery on his monster. After the operation, the
belief best illustrates a ________ perspective. monster "saw" with his ears and "Heard" with his
eyes. It is likely that Dr. Frankenstein "rewired"
(A) Humanistic neural connections in the monster's
(B) Cognitive
(C) Biological (A) Hypothalamus
(D) Psychodynamic (B) Cerebellum
(E) Behavioral (C) Amygdala
(D) Thalamus

24. The gland that regulates body growth is the

28. Which of the following best describes the view of the
(A) Adrenal mind held by Plato and Socrates?
(B) Thyroid
(C) Hypothalamus (A) The mind should be studied through careful,
(D) Pituitary empirical observations.
(B) The mind is an illusion produced by the brain.
(C) The mind is separate from the body and
continues after the body dies.
(D) The mind is made up of knowledge that is a
result of our experiences.
(E) The mind results from biological processes
produced by neural transmissions.
29. The effect of a drug that is an agonist is to 33. An individual has been diagnosed with
schizophrenia. Which of the following
(A) Cause the brain to stop producing certain neurotransmitters is most likely to be at fault?
neurotransmitters
(B) Mimic a particular neurotransmitter (A) The endorphins
(C) Block a particular neurotransmitter (B) Serotonin
(D) Disrupt a neuron's all-or-none firing pattern (C) Acetylcholine
(D) Dopamine
(E) GABA
30. Hadley is complaining to her physician that she has
great difficulty falling asleep, and that when she does
fall asleep, she regularly wakes later during the night. 34. Which statement best exemplifies contemporary
She will most likely be diagnosed with psychology's understanding of the nature-nurture
issue?
(A) Sleepwalking.
(B) Night terrors. (A) Children learn grammar mostly from experience.
(C) Sleep apnea. (B) Sexual behaviors are more "pushed" by inner
(D) Insomnia. biology.
(E) Narcolepsy. (C) Depression is a disorder of the brain and of
thought.
(D) Humans are alike because of our evolutionary
31. Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of a history.
simple reflex? (E) Intelligence is purely an inborn trait.

(A) Sensory neuron, interneuron, sensory neuron

(B) Interneuron, motor neuron, sensory neuron 35. A researcher interested in determining the size of a
(C) Sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron particular area of the brain would be most likely to
(D) Interneuron, sensory neuron, motor neuron use an

(A) Lesion
32. In its early years, psychology focused on the study of (B) EEG
________, but from the 1920s into the 1960s, (C) MRI
American psychologists emphasized the study of (D) fMRI
________. (E) PET scan

(A) Environmental influences; hereditary influences

(B) Maladaptive behavior; adaptive behavior 36. A brief electrical charge that travels down an axon is
(C) Unconscious motives; conscious thoughts and called
feelings
(D) Mental life; observable behavior (A) Action potential
(E) Biology; culture (B) Resting potential
(C) All-or-none impulse
(D) Refractory period
(E) Myelination response
37. What is the brief electrical charge that travels down 41. Margaret has difficulty speaking in front of her
an axon called? classmates and explains to a friend, "Everybody in
my family is shy, so it must be genetic." Using the
(A) Refractory period biopsychosocial approach to understanding her
(B) All-or-none impulse behavior, Margaret should
(C) Action potential
(D) Resting potential (A) Examine additional psychological and
(E) Reticular formation social-cultural influences on shyness.
(B) Reduce her experience in class to her immediate
sensation and feelings.
38. Which of the following are visible on the EEG of a (C) Focus on possible unconscious motivations for
person in NREM-3 sleep? her fears.
(D) Examine how fear is adaptive and has
(A) Alpha waves contributed to her ancestors' survival.
(B) Delta waves (E) Explore how her perceptions affect her ability to
(C) Sleep spindles speak in class.
(D) SCN
(E) REM
42. You are able to pull your hand quickly away from hot
water before pain is felt because
39. Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved
experimental studies of (A) Movement of the hand is a reflex that involves
intervention of the spinal cord only
(A) Animal intelligence. (B) Movement of the hand does not require
(B) Personality development. intervention by the central nervous system
(C) Learning and memory. (C) The brain reacts quickly to prevent severe injury
(D) Reactions to sensory stimulation. (D) The autonomic division of the peripheral nervous
(E) Association and generalization. system intervenes to speed contraction of the
muscles of the hand

40. Which of the following does the endocrine system

rely on to communicate? 43. A split-brain patient has a picture of a knife flashed
to her left hemisphere and that of a fork to her right
(A) Action potentials hemisphere. She will be able to
(B) Hormones
(C) Agonists (A) Identify the fork using her left hand
(D) Neurotransmitters (B) Identify a knife using her left hand
(E) Reuptake (C) Identify a knife using either hand
(D) Identify a fork using either hand
44. In a resting state, the axon is 48. The technique that uses magnetic fields and radio
waves to produce computer images of structures
(A) Depolarized, with mostly negatively charged ions within the brain is called
outside and positively charged ions inside
(B) Depolarized, with mostly positively charged ions (A) The EEG
outside and negatively charged ions inside (B) A lesion
(C) Polarized with mostly negatively charged ions (C) A PET scan
outside and positively charged ions inside (D) MRI
(D) Polarized, with mostly positively charged ions
outside and negatively charged ions inside
49. The pain of heroin withdrawal may be attributed to
the fact that
45. Your brother has been taking prescription medicine
and experiencing a number of unpleasant side effects, (A) Under the influence of heroin the brain ceases
including unusually rapid heartbeat and excessive production of endorphins
perspiration. It is likely that the medicine is (B) Under the influence of heroin the brain ceases
exaggerating activity in the production of all neurotransmitters
(C) During heroin withdrawal the brain's production
(A) Reticular formation of all neurotransmitters is greatly increased
(B) Sympathetic nervous system D) Heroin destroys endorphin receptors in the brain
(C) Parasympathetic nervous system
(D) Amygdala
50. The biological perspective in psychology would be
most likely to emphasize that behavior is influenced
46. Increasing amounts of paradoxical sleep following a by
period of sleep deprivation is known as what?
(A) Environmental circumstances.
(A) Narcolepsy (B) Blood chemistry.
(B) Circadian sleep (C) Unconscious conflicts.
(C) Sleep apnea (D) Subjective interpretations.
(D) Sleep shifting (E) Memory processes.
(E) REM rebound

51. Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands

47. Raccoons have much more precise control of their are called
paws than dogs. You would expect that raccoons have
more cortical space dedicated to "paw control" in the (A) Agonists
__________ of their brains. (B) Neurotransmitters
(C) Hormones
(A) Frontal lobes (D) Enzymes
(B) Parietal lobes
(C) Temporal Lobes
(D) Occipital lobes
52. Jessica experienced difficulty keeping her balance 56. When Heinrich Kluver and neurosurgeon Paul Bucy
after receiving a blow to the back of her head. It is surgically lesion end the amygdaloid of a Theseus
likely that she injured her monkey's brain, the monkey

(A) Medulla (A) Lost its ability to coordinate movement

(B) Thalamus (B) Died because it's heartbeat became irregular
(C) Hypothalamus (C) Became less aggressive
(D) Cerebellum (D) Lost its memory of where food was stored
(E) Sank into an irreversible coma

53. Surgical stimulation of the somatosensory cortex

might result in the false sensation of what? 57. Lissette wonders whether personality differences
between her African-American and Asian-American
(A) Music friends result from biological or cultural influences.
(B) Someone whispering your name In this instance, Lissette is primarily concerned with
(C) Flashes of colored light the relative contributions of
(D) A bad odor
(E) Someone tickling you (A) Biology and cognition.
(B) Nature and nurture.
(C) Behavior and mental processes.
54. The behavioral perspective is most likely to (D) Conscious and unconscious thoughts.
emphasize the importance of (E) Introspection versus structuralism

(A) Cognition.
(B) Observable responses. 58. Understanding people as Biopsychosocial systems
(C) Introspection. means that
(D) Natural selection.
(E) Self-esteem. (A) Biological factors have the largest influence on
people, followed by psychological factors and
finally social factors.
55. Why do researchers find the study of fraternal twins (B) The nervous system. Is equal parts biological,
important? psychological, and sociological
(C) To understand people we must study how
(A) They share similar environments and the same biological, psychological, and social-cultural
genetic code. systems work and interact.
(B) Results allow us to determine exactly how (D) The nervous system is less important in the
disorders ranging from heart disease to understanding of people than was believed a
schizophrenia are inherited. decade ago
(C) They are typically raised in less similar (E) Psychology is the central component in the
environments than non-twin siblings. understanding of human behavior
(D) Data collected concerning their similarities is
necessary for calculating heritability.
(E) They are the same age and are usually raised in
similar environments, but they do not have the
same genetic code.
59. What is the pineal gland's role in sleep? 63. Mrs. Alfieri believes that her husband's angry
outbursts against her result from his unconscious
(A) Remembering dreams upon waking hatred of his own mother. Mrs. Alfieri is looking at
(B) Activating the suprachiasmatic nucleus her husband's behavior from a(n) ________
(C) The location of hypnagogic sensations perspective.
(D) The production of melatonin
(E) Emitting alpha waves (A) Evolutionary
(B) Behavioral
(C) Psychodynamic
(D) Biological
60. The biopsychosocial approach provides an (E) Social-cultural
understanding of social-cultural influences
integrated within the larger framework of
64. An individual experiences brain damage that
(A) Functionalism. produces a coma. Which part of the brain was
(B) Introspection. probably damaged?
(C) Humanistic psychology.
(D) Multiple levels of analysis. (A) Corpus callosum
(E) Structuralism. (B) Reticular formation
(C) Frontal lobe
(D) Cerebellum
61. Which of the following is a task more likely (E) Limbic system
to be accomplished by the right hemisphere
of the brain?
65. As part of a sleep study, researchers notice bursts of
(A) Solving a mathematical problem rapid, rhythmic brain-wave activity called _____ and
(B) Reading determine that Jane is in NREM-2 sleep.
(C) Making a brief oral presentation to a class
(D) Recognizing a friend's face (A) Circadian rhythms
(E) Solving a logic problem (B) Alpha waves
(C) Delta waves
(D) Hallucinations
62. Perception, thinking and language can operate at (E) Sleep spindles
conscious, deliberate levels and also at unconscious,
automatic levels. This best describes
66. To walk across a street, a person would rely most
(A) Cognitive neuroscience directly on his
(B) Dual processing
(C) Selective attention (A) Central nervous system
(D) Selective inattention (B) Somatic nervous system
(E) Change blindness (C) Peripheral nervous system
(D) Autonomic nervous system
(E) Parasympathetic nervous system
 71. The nervous system is of critical importance to
67. The biological perspective in psychology would be psychology because
most likely to emphasize that behavior is influenced
by (A) All psychological processes depend upon it
(B) It is the largest system in the human body
(A) Environmental circumstances. (C) It is a model for the functioning of other body
(B) Blood chemistry. systems
(C) Unconscious conflicts. (D) It is the mechanism by which the endocrine
(D) Subjective interpretations. system exerts its functions
(E) Memory processes (E) It is the most recent human system to have
evolved

68. Researchers study the brains of nonhuman animals

because 72. Efforts to discover whether the intelligence of
children is more heavily influenced by their biology
(A) It is not ethical to study human brains or by their home environments are most directly
(B) Human brains are too complex to study relevant to the debate regarding
meaningfully
(C) The same principles govern neural functioning in (A) Structuralism versus functionalism.
all species (B) Evolution versus natural selection.
(D) It is too expensive to study human brains (C) Observation versus introspection.
(E) The technology is still being developed for the (D) Nature versus nurture.
study of human brains (E) Humanism versus behaviorism.

69. Which of these drugs acts as both a stimulant and a 73. Recent research most consistently supports the
hallucinogen, causes dangerous dehydration in the effectiveness of hypnosis in which of the following
short term, and causes serotonin disruption in the areas?
long term?
(A) Forcing people to act against their will
(A) LSD (B) Recovery of lost memories
(B) Caffeine (C) Reduction of sleep deprivation
(C) Ecstasy (D) Pain relief
(D) Alcohol (E) Cessation of smoking
(E) Cocaine

74. Who used the method of introspection to

70. Contemporary psychologists are most likely to reject scientifically identify basic elements of mind?
which of the following as appropriate for the study of
psychology? (A) Aristotle
(B) John Locke
(A) Empiricism (C) Edward Titchener
(B) Observation (D) John Watson
(C) Introspection (E) Socrates
(D) Experimentation
(E) Mental activity