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Conditionals ZERO TO THREE

Conditional sentences consist of an if-clause and a main clause, expressing a condition and its result. There are two types of conditionals: real, which are factual and likely, and unreal, which are hypothetical or imaginary. Conditionals are further categorized into zero, first, second, and third conditionals, each serving different purposes based on the likelihood and timing of the conditions.

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74 views2 pages

Conditionals ZERO TO THREE

Conditional sentences consist of an if-clause and a main clause, expressing a condition and its result. There are two types of conditionals: real, which are factual and likely, and unreal, which are hypothetical or imaginary. Conditionals are further categorized into zero, first, second, and third conditionals, each serving different purposes based on the likelihood and timing of the conditions.

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xenixfaen
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Conditionals or conditional sentences express a real or an unreal condition.

• A conditional sentence consists of two parts:


an if-clause and a main clause.
• A conditional sentence expresses the idea that the action in the main clause (the result clause)
can only happen when a certain condition (the clause that begins with if) is fulfilled.
The if-clause states the condition, and the main clause states the result.

IF-CLAUSE (CONDITION) MAIN CLAUSE (RESULT)


1. If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
2. If leaders are good, the nation will flourish.
3. If he wore his face mask, he would better protect himself from the
virus.
4. If the citizens have abided the rules this pandemic would have not gotten
imposed on them, worse.

* The condition clause or the if-clause may be found at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.
* When it is placed at the beginning, a comma separates it from the main clause. When the If-clause is
at the end, no comma is required.
In the examples, the main clauses are single underlined, while the if-clauses are doubled.
1. Water boils if you heat it to 100 degrees.
2. The nation will flourish if leaders are good.
3. He would better protect himself from the virus if he wore his face mask.
4. This pandemic would have not gotten worse
5. if the citizens have aboded by the rules imposed on them.

CONDITIONALS HAVE TWO KINDS — real and unreal/untrue.


These conditions are categorized into four, namely: zero, first, second, and third.

REAL CONDITIONALS VS. UNREAL CONDITIONALS


- Real conditionals express true situations that are factual and very likely to happen.
- Unreal conditionals convey untrue situations, hypothetical conditions, or imaginary present,
past or future, and they have no probability to happen.
REAL UNREAL
1. Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air. 1. If I were a billionaire, I would sponsor the
(a fact; zero conditional) CoViD vaccine for the Philippines. (imaginary,
second conditional)
2. If I have enough time, I will watch the 2. He wouldn’t have infected his entire family
basketball match. if he had isolated himself upon arrival.
(very likely to happen, first conditional) (hypothetical, third conditional)

1. ZERO CONDITIONAL
• is used when the results are always true, like a scientific facts and general truths.
• follows the form [If + present tense of a verb,] + [present tense of a verb].
• Both the main and if-clause use the present tense
If you cross an international dateline, the time changes.
If babies are hungry, they cry.
You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.
If you don’t brush your teeth, you get cavities.
Ice melts if you heat it.
If it rains, the grass gets wet.
**Since they give conditions which have same results all the time, their verbs take the present tense
(singular/plural).

2. FIRST CONDITIONAL
• is used to talk about conditions that might happen in the future.
• follows the form [If + present tense of a verb,] + [will + base form of a verb]
She will miss the bus if she does not leave soon.
If we follow proper waste segregation, our lands and waters will be less polluted.
If we care for our environment, it will grow in abundance.
If you rest, you will feel better.
If you set your mind to a goal, you will achieve it.
He will call if he needs help.
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
**The sentences talk about present or future situations that express results that are possible
to happen.

3. SECOND CONDITIONAL
• is used to: (1) talk about conditions in the future that are probably not going to happen; and (2)
talk about something in the present, which is impossible and imaginary.
• It follows the form [If + simple past tense of a verb,] + [would + base form of a verb]
If I won the lottery, I would buy my own island.
What would you do if you became the president?
She would travel all over the world if she were rich.
If I inherited a billion dollars, I would travel to the moon.
If I met the Queen of England, I would say Hello.

***In the third example, were used instead of was with subjects in the if-clause. The verb (were) in
the if-clause is in the subjunctive mood because it expresses an impossible situation.

4. THIRD CONDITIONAL
• is often used when we regret something or imagine a past unreal situation; a past condition that
did not happen.
• It follows the form [If + past perfect tense of a verb,] + [would + have + past participle form
of a verb]
If I had known my relatives were coming, I would have prepared a delicious
meal.
If the suspect hadn’t lied to the victim before, she would have believed him.
She wouldn’t have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier.
If you had told me you needed a ride, I would have left earlier.
If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.
• You can also use modals in the main clause instead of “would” to express the degree of
certainty, permission, or a recommendation about the outcome.
• Adverbs of frequency (never, sometimes, and so on) and negation (not) may be used as needed.
If they had waited, we could have eaten together.

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