Shyect Ajebra

clas
APS /Honz
Abstract
Book - Contempoa
Jos«ph A. GJia

Big
Set.
G be a
Let
each ordered
hat
6.
G elemant
Jement
ertin
Tn ote words, a binam o

( is Jut a hotation)

Tor (on vewien ce

abe G

Remark' Lot G ha a
dosed ndo t
we Can
And hi a closure prerti
 on iN, 2, , IR.
Usul addbon+ JS
Ling ofo
biay
¬IN, 3¬N
2+3 =5 EIV

)
Stacion

Z, ,IR
Resl
Rakod
Matual numbe
en
IN>
hot

3 Z

2-3- -) e2

Dinem
ae2,3E2

not a

As Jå.S 2
 . (additon moddo n)

closed Lold

ha
Q-9.

3e,5

3 S 6

, G
3 S 6

2
6

3 S
3
23
6
39
34 S
6

clase
aROUP. hat a e a set
hey,fKoten (iclenatrsl Lab fexo,bf
Jinay
Said
ohonattoa. eenditos
hatisied
 albe) ab)e
4demtit element
clenet et a Such fhat
Smnese
Fax each atn an elemet a't Gh Set

G with
ud ab dinay afanalioadalod
(abmmutatna ) is ab= ba ta,bto

9Seta all
doaddition
2)
not ane a
eupendor suheatun
H:-L-l sulset
cemfos
naltifloaton
 -l

the alone tallo Husclozoo

elonast
4mueesel
Essocialely ae Roldl un Has it Rolds un C
Pogilive
) ua qranfndx mullpliealan
s a closed wundx mealta"

qonh whdermatrin adodon

kot
 ate b+f leM

Roldi nH

4anese Fer each -b

Z:lo, , 2,3,-- n-/i

odohlon modula
Ralde im Ln
he imse

medule
The set Za nasy not le a
nultjalia
molle

Soneiodey z fI,,37
Check uloltor
ndoe moklu
 () 2

3
21 2 O 2
3312
2I

We chsee feom
"3
tkealone tale that let
iand th hame neH&eS
2 daL at hame nese

ta pa ndet multkalu
Find al addtne and multlplealina uinoo
lonsidox Z= fol, 2,3, 9, 5,67
|23456
23 45 6
23 y5 6
22 3 456o
3 3 4156o2
4 56o|2 3
556lo|234
66oli 2 3 4 5

-|
-2
 A d i v Tnverse
e

-3 4
-4 3
-5 2
-6

lox meltaplica tnesse

FL23,9,5,)
2 34 | 5 6
2 3 6
22 2 4 6 I|3 5
33625| 4
44526
Ss3I64|2
<654 |3| 21 I

2 = 4
5
5
- 6

Lonscoln 3,£o, I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4,, 8, 9, 1o

Fou addilno inmee
 |o 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10
2 3 |4
4556H8
2 3
2| 23 4 56189 o o|
3 34 5 6 2
4
4 45 6 789 oo23
556 Joo234
6689o o 2 3 45
23 45
88 1o o 234 56
o|2 34 5 6
23 4516 919
-05

-2
-3

3
-9 2

loniale ,23,45, 6, t, &, ?,/67

 2 3 44 5,G4 8
||2 2 415699
22 224 go|35+
3369 4 o25 8
4 48 | 5 7 2 6 /037
6|5|1o 3&2 7 | 6
7 2 83
3 0 6 |29 55 84
88 5 2 /o 4 | 9 633
t5 31 4 2
1o1098 4 66 543 2

Lonside the set M=

ot

P one that M us Lrdet mabin

maltleatin
t A , BEM

,
 dot (AB) = dot dot B
0

Riocitity
asocia ie
matn multibliat
Baiociatwty heldi in H

Annerie nmee d.
d
ad -bC at-bc
'a
ad-bC od-bc
wndo maleia
This is cellod gmeal lineax
2X andus
No, hl (2, R) snot
2
B
aleltaagay
2 3

2t2, 3+
2 +6 3+0

2 3
 -hepais

2 3 2

2+3
4+0
2t6

5 2

So A8 BA
aThel a ( 2 , R) is non

laho set Goel (a, E) sf 212 aties wth

hnd emtris fer
mon Alslion qauk-urdor matila mutfaatian
2xmátin omee Fe
2x2 mlxun u
B

AB 3

Find the netEe

 dot = 43 - 65
=5- 2
3

Amneree. 5
3

3"3 -5-3 7
-6-3 Y3

3+5 -5:5 7
4.5J
3-5 2-57

5
4
6

=I
Exncisedet set ofatdinta le R= ,-5,.-, 3)
Ris net closed umdek addlon

addilan
undonadolliin
ft+ C= atlbt)
Atas-3)-5
RHis -lt(-3-5
-|-8 -9

Ois the idenly undor adalla

nat cotaied in
A s mot a

aliocalne ecaue,
(Bebt t az3, be 5,(4
-b c- (3-5)-7
=-2-7- -9
a-(b- =- 3-(5-7)
Q-
342
&lt
The set SL (2,f) ofn2 matuies Qmey E:
alihon
mutipliälän'

tot(dat (A6) 2 dot Adot B

2 6 S'(2 )

muttblicakan
4denthy
fox cocl
A= mabn dmreue E SL(?9

knoundo mabu
2 maeies
 apak -

lees tan n ofall fatne

amdibelatnely
yntegexk

enle nulifiaon mo dulo m

Make a
ayayi Table

3 3
3
3

Closne and asocuáliaty Kolds un Uln)

Gneese
1

modulo
Lonsis

Shae that endox

Quaateknbd fete t

-I k
-J

-i
-k
k -1-&
k-R
-k-k k

Adentty
taese