STUDIES FROM

THE SCHOOL Of CIVIL ENGINEERING

SHEAR STRENGTH OF PARTIALLY AND

.FULLY PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS

B. V. RANGAN

UNICIV REPORT No. R-180 20 FEBRUARY 1979

THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES
KENSINGTON NSW AUSTRALIA 2033
ISBN 85841 145 8
 SHEAR STRENGTH OF PARTIALLY
AND
FULLY PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS

by
B.V. RANGAN*

SUMMARY
This paper develops an equation for the calculation of the shear
force carried by concrete in regions of structural concrete beams
cracked in flexure. The proposed expression shows good agreement
with numerous test data available in the literature. The new formula
has the advantage that it can be applied to an entire range of
structural concrete members from reinforced concrete beams to fully
prestressed concrete beams.

* Associate Professor, School of Civil Engineering, The University of

New South Wales, Kensington, N.S.W.
 1.

1. INTRODUCTION

During the 1960 1 s, considerable research into the behaviour and the
strength of prestressed concrete beams subjected to combined bending
and shear was carried out at the University of Illinois. The results
of this investigation formed the basis for the shear provisions of the
Australian Prestressed Concrete Code AS CA35-1963, and its later
versions AS 1481-1974 and AS 1481-1978. The basic philosophy of shear
<le~ign µropose<l in these codes is that the shear strength of a prestressed
concrete beam is taken as the sum of the shear carried by the concrete
and the shear carried by the web reinforcement.

In recent years, partially prestressing is being given considerable

attention. Partial prestressing offers a continuous transition
between the two extremes of reinforced concrete and fully prestressed
concrete. It has been shown elsewhere that partial prestressing can
lead to improved structural performance and overall cost savings
(Thiirlimann, 1971). The shear formulae given in AS 1481-1978 should
be modified to cover the case of partial prestressing.

The aim of this paper is to develop a design formula for the

shear strength of partially or fully pre stressed concrete beams.
When prestress is absent, the proposed expression simplifies to the
shear values given by the Australian Reinforced Concrete Code AS 1480-
1974, thus providing a continuous transition between the two extreme
cases.

2. SHEAR DESIGN EQUATIONS IN AS 1481-1978

In structural concrete members subjected to combined bending and shear,

two types of inclined shear cracks can usually occur. In regions of
low moment, a diagonal crack can develop even before the formation
of a flexure crack. Such a crack is called a web-shear crack.
On the other hand, in regions of high moment and high shear, inclined
crack will stem as an extension of an existing flexure crack and this
type of era.ck is designated as a flexure-shear crack.

In reinforced concrete beams, the regions in i<1hich a web-shear crack

can form does not usually extend over a significant length and, therefore
such a type of cracking is not considered. But in the case of
prestressed concrete beams it is necessary to deal with both types
of cracks.
 2.

In AS 1481-1978, the shear force Vet at which a web-shear crack

may develop is calculated by equating the principal tension at the
centroidal axis to 0.33v'iiI MPa. When shear reinforcement is-present,
the force Vet is also used as a measure of the shear carried by the
concrete in regions of a beam uncracked in flexure. Test data available
in the literature (Hanson 1964, Lyngberg 1976, Olesen 1967, Sahib Din
1967) show that these code provisions are usually conservative and
adequate.

For regions of a beam cracked in flexure, the code gives the

following formula for the shear force Vcm carried by the concrete:

V (1)
cm

where bw is the width of web, dt is the effective depth of prestressing

tendons, F~ is the compressive strength of concrete, MC is the flexural
cracking moment at a distance of dt/2 in the direction of decreasing
bending moment from the cross-section being considered, and M and
u
Vu are the coexisting bending moment and shear force, respectively, at
the cross-section under consideration. In Eq.(1), the$ factor has
been omitted for convenience of discussion.

The code formula (Eq.1) has been derived from the University of
Illinois tests on members which had high prestress level (i.e., effective
stress in prestress steel over 50 percent of ultimate tensile strength).
It is therefore not directly applicable to partially prestressed
concrete members which may have very low prestress. In what follows,
a new formula will be derived for the calculation of V which will be
cm
applicable at all levels of prestress and which will reduce to
AS 1480-1974 shear design data for reinforced concrete beams when
prestress is zero.

3. NEW FORMULATION FOR V

cm

Let Vco be the shear force at which a flexure-shear crack will develop
in a reinforced concrete beam. It can be expressed as

Vco = Vf + V0 (2)
 3.

where Vf is the shear force at flexural cracking and V0 is the additional

shear force required to turn an existing flexure crack into a flexure-
shear crack.

But (3)

in which Mco is the flexural cracking moment in the case of a reinforced

concrete beam, F~ is tho modulus of rupture strength of concrete, I
is the moment of inertia about the centroid of uncracked cross-section,
and y is the distance of the extreme tensile fibre from the centroidal
axis.

From Eqs. (2) and (3),

FI (I/y)
V
r (4)
co (M /V )
u u

The effect of prestess is to increase the moment at which flexure

cracking will occur. After flexural cracking, there is no significant
difference between prestressed concrete beams and reinforced concrete
beams. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the value of V0
(i.e., the additional shear force required to turn an existing flexure
crack into a flexure-shear crack) is identical in both the type of beams.
If Vcm is the shear force at which a flexure-shear will develop in a
partially or fully prestressed concrete beam, then it can be written as

M
C
Vern= (M /V) + V (5)
0
u u

where Mc is the flexural cracking moment in the case of a prestressed

concrete beam and it is given by

(FI + f ) (6)
r ce

in which f is the compressive stress due to effective prestress at

ce
the extreme tensile fibre.

Substituting for Mc and V0 , Eq.(5) becomes

I (F; + fee) F' (I/y)

+ V
r (7)
Vern= y (M /V) co (Mu /V)
u u u
 4.

or V = V (8)
cm co

In Eq.(8), Vco is given by

(9)

where vc is either obtained from Table 15.2.2.3 of AS 1480-1974 or may be

calculated using the following expression (Rangan 1972) on which the
code values have been based:

/FT (/1+5!3 - 1)
C
Ve = 6(3 (10)

F'/6.89
C
in which 8 = ~ 1.0 (ll)
lOOp

p = (A s +As t)/bwd (12)

A is the cross-sectional area of non-prestressed reinforcement, and

s
Ast is the cross-sectional area of the tendons, both in that zone which
will be tensile under ultimate load conditions.

4. COMPARISON WITH TEST DATA

When calculating V , the second term of Eq.(8) was computed for a

cm
section at a distance dt/2 from the cross-section considered in the
direction of decreasing bending moment. That is, for simply supported
test beams with concentrated loads, Mu /Vu will be equal to [a-(dt/2)],
where a is the shear span. A similar approach is also used in the
code expression, Eq. (1).

Figure 1 and Table I present a summary of comparison of theoretical

and test results for beams in which flexure-shear type cracking developed.
The correlation between cal~ulated and test values is good. For a total
number of 147 test results (Caflisch 1970, Cederwal 1 1970, Hanson
1964, Lyngberg 1976, Olesen 1967, Regan 1972), the mean value of test/
calculated ratio is 1.14 with a coefficient of variation of 12.3 percent.
 5.

Equation (8) must be compared with the code expression, Eq.(1).

The code equation was derived from the 101 tests conducted at the
University of Illinois (Olesen 1967). The mean value of test/calculated
ratio is 1. 06 with a coefficient of variation of 15. 1 percent. For the
same group of test data, the mean value and the coefficient of variation,
respectively, of test/calculated ratio based on Eq.(8) are 1.10 and
10. 9 percent. It is clear that while the predictions of the two equations
are very comparable, the proposed expression Eq.(8) is marginally
more conservative with a lesser degree of scatter than the code equation
Eq. (1). The new formulation has the advantage that the same equation
can be applied to an entire range of structural concrete members from
reinforced concrete beams through to fully prestressed concrete beams.

For regions cracked in flexure and which contain shear reinforcement,

Vern as given by the new expression Eq.(8) is also taken as the shear
carried by the concrete. Provided the shear reinforc.ement is at
yield, the shear stregth Vu is given by

Vu = Vcm + Vv (13)

where Vv is the shear carried by the web reinforcement. For beams with
vertical stirrups, the shear force VV is

A f
V syd (14)
s

in which Av is the area of cross section of one complete stirrup (all

legs included), f is the yield stress of the stirrup bar, dis the
sy
effective depth, ands is the stirrup spacing.

Using Eq. (13), the shear strengths of a number of beams available

in tte literature (Caflisch 1970, Cederwall 1970, Hanson 1964,
Lyngberg 1976, Olesen 1967, Regan 1972) were computed. A summary of this
study is given in Table II and Figure 2. It can be seen that once
again the correlation between calculated and test results is good.
For a total of 75 test data, the mean value and the coefficient of
variation of test/calculated ratio, respectively, are 1.17 and 10.5
percent.
 6.

5. CONCLUSIONS
(a) A review of literature showed that two types of inclined crack,
viz., web-shear crack and flexure-shear crack could develop in fully or
partially prestressed concrete beams subjected to combined bending
and shear.
(b) The shear force at which a web-shear crack will develop can be
calculated by equating the principal tension at the centroidal axis
to 0.331FTMPa. This force can also be used conservatively as a measure
C
of the shear carried by the concrete in the regions of beams uncracked
in flexure and which contain shear reinforcement.

(c) Equation (8) has been developed to predict the shear force
at which a flexure-shear crack could form. Comparisons with numerous
test data available (Tables I & II and Figs. 1 &2) show that Eq.(8)
gives a good prediction of the shear force at which a flexure-shear crack
will form in fully or partially prestressed concrete beams as well as of
the shear force carried by the concrete in the regions cracked in flexure
and which contain shear reinforcement.
(d) The proposed expression Eq.(8) has the advantage that the same
equation can be applied to an entire range of structural concrete members
from reinforced concrete beams through to fully prestressed concrete
beams. It is, therefore better suited (than the present code expression
Eq.(l)) for adoption into the shear provisions of the proposed Unified
Australian Code for Concrete Structures.

6. REFERENCES

CAFLISCH, R. and THURLIMANN, B. (1970) Schubversuche an Teilweise

Vorgespannten Betonbalken. Bericht No. 6504-2, Swiss Federal Institute
of Technology, Zurich, October, 177pp.

CEDERWALL, K., HEDMAN, 0. and LOSBERG, A. (1970). Shear Strength of

Partially Prestressed Beams with Pre-tensioned Reinforcement of High
Grade Deformed Bars. Publication No. 70. 6, Chalmers Technical
University, October, llpp.
HANSON, J.M. and HULSBOS, C.L. (1964). Ultimate Shear Tests of
Prestressed Concrete I-Beams Under Concentrated and Uniform Loadings.
PCI Journal, Vol. 9, No. 3, June, pp.15-28.
 7.

LYNGBERG, B.S. (1976). Ultimate shear Resistance of Partially Prestressed

Reinforced Concrete I-Beams. ACI Journal, Vol. 73, No. 4, April,
pp.214-222.

OLESEN, S.O., SOZEN, M.A. and SIESS, C.P. (1967). Investigation of

Prestressed Reinforced Concrete for Highway Bridges, Part IV: Strength
in Shear of Beams with Web Reinforcement. Bulletin No. 493,
Engineering Experiment Station, University of Illinois, Urbana, 46pp.

RAN GAN, B. V. (1972). Diagonal Cracking Strength in Shear of

Reinforced Concrete Beams. Civil Engineering Transactions, Institution
of Engineers, Australia, Vol.CE14, No.l, April, pp.99-101.
REGAN, P. (1972). Shear in Reinforced Concrete: An Experimental Study.
Technical Note 45, Construction Industry Research and Information
Association, London, October, 203pp.

REYNOLDS, G.C., CLARKE, J.L. and TAYLOR, H.P.J. (1974). Shear Provisions
for Prestressed Concrete in the Unified Code, CPll0-1972. Technical
Report No. 42.500, Cement and Concrete Association, London, October, 16pp.

SAHIB DIN and WARNER, R.F. (1967). Shear Tests on Concrete I-Beams with
Stirrup Reinforcement. UNICIV Report No. R-20, University of New South
Wales, Kensington, May.

STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA (1974). Concrete Structures Code,

AS 1480-1974, Sydney, lOlpp.

STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA (1978). SM Prestressed Concrete

Code, AS 1481-1978, Sydney, 68pp.

THURLIMANN, B. (1971). A case for Partial Prestressing. Structural

Concrete Symposium, University of Toronto, Toronto, May, pp.253-301.
 8.

7. NOTATION

As = the cross-sectional area of non-prestressed reinforcement in

that zone which will be tensile under ultimate-load conditions.
Ast = the cross-sectional area of prestressed reinforcement in
that zone which will be tensile under ultimate-load conditions.
Av = the area of cross-section of one complete stirrup (all legs
included).
bw = the width of web.
dt = the effective depth of prestressed reinforcement.
F'C = the compressive strength of concrete.
F'r = the modulus of rupture strength of concrete.
fee = the compressive stress due to effective prestress at that
extreme fibre of a beam which will be tensile under ultimate-
load conditions, calculated at a distance dt/2 (in the
direction of decreasing magnitude of applied moment) from
a cross-section being considered.
fsy = the yield stress of stirrup bar.
I = the moment of inertia about the centroid of an uncracked cross-
section.
Mc = the flexural cracking moment in the case of a prestressed
concrete beam.
M /V = the ratio of coexisting bending moment and shear force due to
u u
the applied loads calculated at a distance dt/2 (in the
direction of decreasing magnitude of applied moment) from a
cross-section being considered.
p = (As+ Ast)/bwd,
s = the spacing of stirrups.
Vco = v cbwd.
Vern = the shear force carried by the concrete in the region of a
beam which will be cracked in flexure under ultimate load
conditions.
Vet = the shear force carried by the concrete in the region of a
beam which will be uncracked in flexure under ultimate load
conditions.
Vv = the shear carried by the web reinforcement.
vc = the nominal shear stress as given by Eq. (10) or Table 15.2.2.3
of AS 1480-1974.
y = the distance from the centroidal axis to the extreme fibre
in that zone which will be tensile under ultimate-load conditions.
 9.

Table I - Summary of Comparison of Eq.8 with Test Data

Ratio of Test/Cale.
Type
of Number ! Coefficient
Beams Mean
of of
i. Results[ Variation
! '
Fully l;
Prestressed 130 1.13 11.0%
i
Partially j
Prestressed* 17 1.28 13.6%
\
All results l 147 1.14 12.3%

Table II - Summary of Comparison 1)f Eq.13 with Test Data when V is

·
given b y Eq.8. cm

Ratio of Test/Cale.
Type
of I '!
Beams ' Number '·
Coefficient
' of Mean of j
I
I !
!
Results Variation !

i
Fully I

Prestressed 53 1.14 ! 9.1% !

I'
'
'
!l
'r
!! Partially ; r
I
11. 395
!
Prestressed*! 22 1.24
'
t

I All results I
'·
75
I
1.17
I
!
r
I 10.5%

* Some of these test results were collected from Reynolds, et al (1974).

 10.

5.-----------------------------..

•
•
5
• • •
i- •
••
y, .,..•
••
0
u
4 ·...
• • • ••••
..,..
•••••••
-
>
E
u
> . ..
••••••
•:.•
••
• • ••••
•
t
1- • • •
•.•.
• •
3

-f..
..
• •!7-•
••
••• •
• • -,.•••
••
2 • •
• fully prestressed
x partially pre stressed

0 1 2 3 4 5
fee (I/y) /(M/V)
Yeo

Fig .1 - Comparison of Eq. 8 With Test Data

 11.

300
.,_ ..,.

250
+
+

200
+
z
..::.:: + •• •
• ••
1na, +
..... 150 •
::, +
>
+ +. + •
+ ••
••
100 +•
••
•
• fully prestressed
)C partially prestressed
50

01£:..-----'------'------'-----'------'------..__-__,
50 100 150 200 250 300
Vu calc., kN

Fig. 2 - Comparison of Eq -13 with Test Data when Vern is

given by Eq. 8.
 APPENDIX

Details of Comparison of Proposed

Design Equations with Test Data
 12.

Table Al: Comparison of Eq.8 with Test Data.

V . f ce (I/y) V V
Beam co cm cm Test
Investigator
Mark kN I (M/V)
(Eq. 8) test Cale.
kN
kN kN
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Olesen, Sozen I
AD14.37 20.4 22.7 43.1 35.6 0.83
&Siess AW14.39 23.1 27.6 50.7 50.3 0.99
, (fully pre- 14.76 21.6 26.8 48.4 47.2 0.98
stressed) 28.48 22.8 13.2 36.0 44.5 1.24
24.68 21.3 14.3 35,6 36.5 1.03
B 10.23 14. 2 27.3 41. 5 43.8 1.06
14. 2 22.0 36.2 37.1 1.03
14.2 18.4 32.6 30.8 0.95
B 10.24 12.4 27.0 39.4 44.9 1.14
12.4 20.5 32.9 35.3 1.07
12.4 16.5 , 28. 9 29.3 1.02
12.4 13.8 1 26. 2 27.8 1.06
12.4 16.5 ~ 28. 9 29.3 1.02
12.4 20.5 ; 32 .9 35.3 1.07
B 14.34 12.5 20.5 : 33.0 37.8 1.15
B 14 .-41 13.5 25.8 ., 39. 3 41.0 1.04
BD14 .18 14.1 27.8 41.9 48.5 1.16
14.19 · 14 .4 26.2 ! 40. 6 49.8 1.23
14.23 j 12. 5 17.0 29.5 24.9 0.84
14.26 I 12 .1 20.0 32.1 28.4 0.88
14.27 i 12 .4 19.1 31.5 39.8 1.26
14.34 12.1 19.3 '. 31.4 35.1 1.12
14.35 11.8 18.6 30.4 28.9 0.95
14.42 13.3 24.6 , 37. 9 44.3 1.17
24.32 j 13. 6 18.6 1 32. 2 33.1 1.03
BV14.30 I 13. 9 28.3 . 42. 2 45.4 1.07
14.32 : 13. 7 25.9 39.6 46.3 1.17
14.34 ! 13.9 28.8 42.7 46.7 1.09
14.35 1 13.6 26.9 40.5 43.6 1.08
14.42 i 13. 2 27.3 40.5 42.7 1.05
BWl0.22 i 12.6 26.7 39.3 48.0 1.22
! 12. 6 20.2 32.8 37.6 1.15
\ 12. 6 16.3 28. 9 29.8 1.03
i 12. 6 13.6 26.2 26.0 0.99
1 12. 6 16.3 28.9 33.l 1.15
12.6 20.2 32.8 37.6 1.15
BW14.22 ; 14.4 27.6 42.0 47.2 1.12
14.23 I 14, 3 27.1 41.4 45.8 1.11
14.26 : 12. 0 21.1 , 33.1 35.5 1.07
14.31 ' 13.6 26.6 1 40.2 45. 4 1.13
14. 32 ; 11. 7 21.1 · 32 .8 42.4 1.29
14.34 j 13. 4 27.6 41.0 46.3 1.13
14.38 : 13 .4 27.7 41.1 46.3 1.13
14.39 13.3 27.7 41.0 46.7 1.14
14.41 13.5 28.3 41.8 44.0 1.05
14.42 13.4 28.1 41.5 41.6 1.00
14.43 l 13. 4 27. 8 41.2 47.6 1.16
 13,

I; l
(1) j' . (2) (3) (4) (5) Ii (6) (7) J

I
BWJ.5.37 13.7 20 .4 34.l 37 .1 1.09
I 14.45 13,6 27.4 41.0
!
' 44.0 1.07
'I
!
I
1 14.58 15.7 37 .3 53.0 62.3 ! 1.18
i ;- '
14.60 15.1 37.5 52.6 56.9 I
1.08 '
' 15 . 34 13 • 9 20.5 34.4 36.3 1.06
16.38 13.8 17.6 31.4 31.1 0.99
18.15 14,5 11.3 25.8 26.4 1.02
14.5 22.2 36.7 42.3 1.15
18 .27 14.2 13.5 27.7 25.0 0.90
14.2 26.6 40.8 48.0 1.18
19.28 14.5 : 11.9 26.4 23.5 0.89
14.5 '. 34.6 49.1 56.9 1.16
23.25 16.1 ( 31.2 47.3 64.0 1.35
25.24 16.4 \ 18.8 35.2 43.2 1.23
26.21 15.8 i 14.0 29.8 32.9 1.10
15.8 l 18.0 33.8 43.9 1.30
28.26 12.2 4.9 17.1 15.3 0.89
12.2 : 9,6 21.8 27.5 1. 26
BW28.28 12.1 5.2 17.3 15.4 0.89
12.1 • 10.2 22.3 25.6 1.15
29.21 16.2 : 10.8 27.0 28.6 1.06
CW!0.26 10.0 . 26. 3 36.3 41.9 1.16
10,0 . 21.1 '31.1 30.9 0.99
10.0 17.7 27.7 26. 7 0.96
10.0 21.1 31.1 37.1 1.19
10.0 26.3 36.3 41.9 1.16
CWl0.27 9.9 26.0 35.9 34.6 0.96
9.9 20.9 30.8 30.7 1.00
9.9 17.S 27.4 26.3 0.96
9.9 20.9 30.8 32.5 1.05
CW14.14 10.5 26.3 36.8 42.7 1.16
14.15 7.4 15.9 23.3 27. 8 1.19
14.16 7.7 16.1 23.8 30.0 1. 26
14 .17 7.6 . 15.9 23. 5 26.5 1.13
14.18 7.5 15.8 23.3 28.9 1. 24
14.19 7.7 I 15,9 23.6 30.9 1. 31
14.20 7.5 16.1 23.6 28.7 1. 22
14.21 7.4 · 16.0 23.4 26.9 1.15
14.23 7.6 15.9 23.5 32.9 1. 40
14.24 7.6 15.8 23.4 27.6 1.18
14.25 10.6 29.1 39.7 46.7 1.18
14.26 7.3 16.0 23.3 28.7 1. 23
14.36 10.2 26.8 37.0 38.5 1.04
14.40 9.7 28.7 38.4 40.7 1.06
18.15 10.5 , 13. 7 24.2 23.1 0.96
10.5 '27.0 37.5 42.S 1.13
28.26 9.0 5.2 14.2 12.8 0,95
9.0 9.8 18.8 25.7 1. 37
28.28 9.0 5.5 14.5 12.6 0.87
9,0 : 10.9 19.9 25.6 1. 29
CU14.29 9.9 \ 27 .8 37.7 43.2 1.15
14. 33 9.8 i 27. 7 37.5 42.0 1.12
14. 35 11.1 i 36.5 I 47.6 50.7 1.07
14.39 11.1 ; 35. 7 46.8 48.0 1.03
 14.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) I

'
(7)
;

Hanson & F-Xl 26.7 93.8 120.5 133.4 ;1.11

Hulsbos (fully I26.7 93.8 120.5 126.3 ' 1.05
prestressed) F-4 'I 26.7
I
92.1 118.8 148.6 1.25
i
26.7 ' 92.1 118.8 142.3 ' 1.20
F-5 26.7 84.9 111.6 124.1 1.11
26.7 84.9 111.6 124.1 1.11
F-6 26.7 39.6 66.3 75.6 1.14
r--
?.6.7 39.6 66.3 84,S L?:8
F-7 26.7 74.3 101.0 129.4 1.28
26.7 74.3 101.0 124.5 1.23
F-8 26.7 72.5 99.2 120.1 1.21
26.7 , 72 .5 99.2 120.1 1.21
F-9 26. 7 i 51.6 78.3 97.9 1.25
26. 7 lI 45.5 72.1 84.5 1.17
F-10 26.7 i 60.5 87.2 120.1 1.38
26.7 ! 60.5 87.2 110.3 1.27
F-11 26.7 I 69.4 96.1 120.1 1.25
26.7 . 58.3 85. 0 i 115.7 I. 36
F-12 26.7 '. 50. 7 77.4 111.2 1.43
26. 7 50.7 77 .4 , 102.3 1.32
F-13 26. 7 I 55.1 81.8 112.5 1.38
26. 7 : 47 .6 74.3 97.0 1.30
F-14 26.7 : 46.3 73.0 93.0 1.27
26.7 ; 46.3 73.0 i 89.0 1.22
F-15 26.7 ! 35. 6 62.3 i 71.2 1.14
26.7 i 35.6 62.3 : 71.2 1.14
i
F-16 26.7 I 44.0 70.7 83.2 1.17
26.7 I 40.0 66.7 75.6 1.14
F-19 26.7 87.6 114.3 133.0 1.16

Caflisch & !
Thi.irlimann 42 .4 \192. 0 234.4 242.0 1.03
(partially
prestressed)

Cederwall 6 22.5 8.5 31.0 41.0 1.32

(partially 7 20.4 23.6 44.0 50.0 1.14
: prestressed) 8 18.9 . 16.1 35.0 I 50.0 1.43
9 23.4 i 33.6 57. 0 j 65.0 1.14
I
10 22.2 1 25. 8 48.0 50.0 1.04
11 24.3 I 37. 1 62.0 80.0 1.29
i 12 22.2 ! 28.8 51.0 59.0 1.16
.I;----------+-----+--------~---+----+------
13 22.8 f 33. 2 56.0 60.0 1.07

Regan 23.4 , 73. 6 97.0 157.0 1. 62

(partially 34.2 . 42.8 77 .0 108.0 1.40
prestressed) 33.4 26.6 60. 0 67.0 1.12
27.7 · 79.3 107.0 157.0 1.47
27.7 : 51. 3 79.0 110.0 1.39
23.4 ; 47. 6 71.0 104.0 1.46
33,6 - 87.4 121.0 157.0 1.30
31.2 I 10.8 102.0 138.0 1.35
 15.

Number of Results = 147

Test
Cale.: Mean value = 1.14
Coefficient of
Variation = 12 .3%
 16.

Table A2:' Comparison of Eq. 13 with Test Data when Vern is given by Eq.8

Investigator Beam
!v
i cm I vv Vu V
u test Test
Mark . kN l kN kN kN Cale.
;
l '
(1) (2) (3) ; (4) I (5) '· (6) (7)
i
:
I i
Olesen. Sozen : BV14.30 42.2 13.5; 55.7 55.6 1.00
&Siess ! 14.32 39.5 1s.2; 54. 7 57.8 1.06
(fully BWl0.22 28.9 7.4: 36.3 ; 38.9 1.07
prestressed) ! 14.26
14.34
33.1
41.0
12.4!
11.4''
45.5
52.4
51.2
57.4 l 1.13
! 1.10
!
!

!
14.38 41.1 11.4 52.5 58,7 'i
1.12
14.45 41.0 14.3' 55.3 I 55.2 1.00
: 14.58 52.9 10,9; 63.8 i 68.1 i 1.07
14.60 52.6 10.9: 63.5 64.9 1.02
18. 15 25.8 8.1; 33.9 33.2 0 .98
36.7 14.7: 51.4 60.9 1.18
23.25 47.3 13.6; 60.9 92.5 1.52
25.24 35.1 13 .6 j 48. 7 64.5 1.32
26.21 29 .8 13.6 ! 43.4 46.7 1.08
33.8 18.7; 52.5 58.7 1.12
28.26 17.1 8.9 26.0 24.8 0.95
21.8 16.3 38,1 45.4 1. 19
29.21 26.9 13.5 40.4 40.8 1.01
43.2 57 .6 100. 8 92.5 0.92
CW14 .17 23.5 5.8 29 .3 35.1 1.20
14.21 23.4 7 .0 I 30 .4 35.7 1.18
14.23 23.4 7.0 i 30.4 35.5 1.17
28.26 14.2 10. 7 i 24.9 23.8 0.96
18.8 20.3 39 .1 43.7 1.12
CU14.29 37.6 9,4 47.0 59.6 1.27
14.33 37.5 9.3 46.8 57.8 1.23
14.39 46.8 9.3 ! 56.1 65.4 1.17
!
Hanson & F-XI 120.5 22.3 i 142.8 142.3 1.00
Hulsbos 120,5 22. 3 : 142. 8 I
167.2 1.17
(fully F-4 118.8 28.4 j 147.2 i 177.0 1.20
pres tressed) 118.8 21.3: 140.1 169.0 1.21
F-5 111.6 35 .6 1 147 .2 179 .3 1.22
111.6 15.6 ! 127.2 143.2 1.13
F-6 66.3 8.9 ! 75.2 85.0 1.13
F-7 101.0 23.5 ; 124.5 153.9 1.23
101.0 17.8 I 118.8 129.4 1.09
F-8 99.2 29.4\128.6 164.6 1.28
99.2 10. 7 . 109 .9 I
120.1 1.09
F-9 78.3 10. 7 I 89.0 101.0 1.14
72 .1 19, l I 91.2 112.5 1.23
F-10 87.2 18.2 105.4 129.0 1.22
l
87.2 8.9 96.1 110.3 1.15
F-11 96.1 20.4 116.5 128.6 1.10
85.0 12 .9 : 97 .9 115.7 1.18
i
 17.

I
I (1) (2) I
I
(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) r
I

l
!l
!

I F-12 ;
77.4 16.0 93.4 111.2 r 1.19
I
77 .4 8.0 85.4 102.3 1.20
F-13 81.8 3.6 85.4 102.3 ' 1.20
' 74.3 20.0 94.3 108. l ;
1.15
F-14 73.0 7.1, 80.1 98.8 1.23
73.0 12 .4! 85 .4 102.3 1.20
F-15 62.3 6 .6; 68.9 75 .6 1.10
F-16 66.7 8 .9! 75 .6 85.4 1.13
F-19 114.3 3S.o! 149.9 176.1 1.18
152.9 i 108.0: 260 .9 289.0 1.11
Caflisch & 98.6 l 93.ol 191.6 279 .o 1.46
Thurlimann 151.8 li 106.0[' 257 .8 262.0 1.02
(partially 152.9 139.0 291.9 315.0 1.08
pres tressed) 116.7 92.0 208.7 291.0 1.39
116. 7 60.0 176.7 235.0 1.33

Cederwall 14 58.0 33.0 91.0 92.0 1.01

(partially 15 47 .o 33.0 80.0 119.0 1.49
pres tressed) 16 66.0 35.0 101.0 119 .o 1.18
18 56.0 16.0 72.0 77.0 1.07
19 53.0 16.0 69.0 86.0 1.25

Regan 107.0 18.0 125 .0 175.0 1.40

(partially 79.0 12.0 91.0 118.0 1.30
'
prestresse d) 77 .0 )

I
25
l 17.0
.
0 102 .0 13 7 .0 1 .34
'
60.0 77.0 95.0 1.23 i
. 97.0
!
17 .o 114.0 157 .o 1.38 i
: 71.0 !I 12.0 83.0 107 .o 1.29
:
'
i 121.0 39.0 160.0 186.0 1.16 !
121.0 69.0:190.0 226.0 1.19 :
I

':
Lyngberg 3A2 220.4 230 .o 1 450 .4 - 489.0 1.09
(partially 4Al 155.0 221.0'.376.0 469.0 1.25 j
pres tressed) 481 151. 7 228.01379.7 j 454.0 1.20
'

Number of results = 75
Test
--:
Cale.
Mean value = 1.17
Coefficient of
Variation = 10.5%