y = 8x + 4

Expand 3(2x + 4) = 6x + 12

X A

y = 7 + x - 6x²

THE ALGEBRA PROJECT Kim Freeman

THE ANSWERS r
The Algebra Project
Kim Freeman

Published in 2021 by:

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New Zealand

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© Mahobe Resources (NZ) Ltd

ISBN(13) 978-1-877489-31-0

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 MAHOBE Published by

Algebra Like Terms

Mahobe Resources (NZ) Ltd

Simplify all these expressions

● a + a + a = 3a ● 3e + 8s - 2s - e = 2e + 6s

● x + x = 2x ● 9i + 4j - 6i - 2j = 3i - 2j

● p + p + p + p + p = 5p ● -3t - 5s + 5t - 2s = 2t - 7s

● y + y + y = 3y ● 4d + 2e - 4e - 8d = -4d - 2e

● i + i + i + i + i + i + i = 7i ● -4f + 3h - 7h + 5f = f - 4h

● k + k + k + k = 4k ● 11 + 3n + 6 + 9n = 17 + 12n

● 4x + x = 5x ● 8 + 3d - 6 - 5d = 2 - 2d

● 10x + 2x = 12x ● r - 5 - 5r + 10 = -4r + 5

● 7y + 3y + y = 11y ● g - 12g + 7h = -11g + 7h

● 8j + j + j = 10j ● 7j + 5k - 2j - 5k = 5j

● 15d + 3d + 2d = 20d ● 4w - 6x + 8w - 6w = 6w - 12x

● 12a + 5a + 2a = 19a ● -4m + 6n - 10n + 4n = -4m

● 13c - 4c = 9c ● 5j + 5k = 5j + 5k

● 17u - 8u = 9u ● 2s - 7t - 10s - 2t = -8s - 9t

● 8g - 10g = -2g ● 3x2 + 2x2 - 3y = 5x2 - 3y

● 6r + 6r - r = 11r ● 5x + 6y - 7y - 8x = -3x - y

● 5t - 3t + 2t = 4t ● -2q + 2p - 7p + 8q = 6q - 5p

● 10h + 8h - 12h = 6h ● 14ab - 7b - 3ab + 8b = 11ab + b

● 6x - 8x + x = -x ● -2xy + 5x - 8xy - 9x = -10xy - 4x

2 2 2
● -8y + 6y - 5y = -7y ● 8y - 2y + 5y - 6y = 2y + 3y

● 3r - 8r + 2r = -3r ● 16gh + 8g - 7gh = 9gh + 8g

● -5w - 6w = -11w ● 6bg - 2b - 5bg = bg - 2b

● 3y - 6y + y = -2y ● -6mn - 12n + 8n = -6mn - 4n

● f - 6f - 2f = -7f ● -5xy + 12yx = 7xy

● 4π - 7π + π = -2π ● -9ab + 8ab + 9b = -ab + 9b

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 3 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
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Algebra Expressions
Simplify all these expressions
● a × a = a² ● (y2)3 = y6
4 2
● y × y × y×y=y ● (5a) = 25a²
5 5
● p × p × p = p³ ● (2y) = 32y
5
● w × w × w×w×w=w ● (3y)2 = 9y²
● i × i × i × i × i × i × i = i7 ● (5xy) = 125x³y³
3

4
● k × k × k×k=k ● -(2x)2 = -4x²
2
● 5a × b = 5ab ● (-2x) = 4x²
● 8f × 2x = 16fx ● (x2)7 = x14
5 3 2 10 6
● 9y × 3z = 27yz ● (k h ) = k h
● 5j × 3k = 15jk ● w0 = 1
12 6
● 7d × 3e = 21de ● 49a = 7a
100 50
● 12a × 5b = 60ab ● x =x
● 15c × 2c = 30c² ● 9a10b6 = 3a5b3
2 100 50
● 7u × 8u = 56u² ● 100g h = 10gh
● 8g × 5g = 40g² If a = 2, b = 5, c = 10 calculate:
2
● 6r² × r = 6r³ ● (a + b) = 49
4
● 5p³q × 3p = 15p q ● 4b2 - (3a)2 = 64
2 2
● 10h²j × 8j = 80h²j² ● (a ) = 16
6
● 6b² × 9b³ × b = 54b ● c2 - a2 + b2 = 121
2 3
● -8y × 6y² = -48y³ ● (2a ) = 256
● 4r² × 9r² × r = 36r5 ● 2c2 - 2b2 = 150
5
● -5w³ × -6w² = 30w ● 4(a4 - 10) = 24
● 3y² × 6y² × y = 18y5 ● b(5c - a ) = 230
2

4
● 2g³f × 6gf² = 12g f³ ● 3a + 4c3 = 4006
2
● 4p²qr × 5r × 2p = 40p³r²q ● c = 10

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 4 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
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Algebraic Fractions
Simplify all these fractions!
8 2w
5
w³
■ + = ■ 2
= 4
8w
7 5 2 8x5
■ w - w = w ■ = 2x²
4x3
x x 4x 50r4
■ 5 + 15 = 15
■ 2
= 10r²
5r
b b b 7e7 e4
■ 3 - 6 = 6 ■ =
21e3 3
3 2 3 - 2x 5m5 m
3

■ x² - x = x² ■ =
25m
2 5
2 5 2x + 5 12r
9
■ x² + x³ = x³
■ = 4r6
3r3
7 4 7 + 4x² 27m4
■ x³ + x = x³
■ = 3m3
9m
s 5 3s + 20 8a × 5c 2c
■ 4 + 3 = 12
■ = 3n
15n 4a
x x 2

■ 3 - 4x
7 = 21 ■ 3c × 2e3 = 3e
4e 4c 8
r r
■ 5 + 8 =
13r
40
■ 5ab × 5a = 5
2a 10ab 4
xd + 2a
■ x
+ 2 = ad ■ 3 × 15 = 45 3
a d 4b 8b2 32b
2
2
3b
■ 4 x
m - n = 4nmn
- xm ■ 3ab × 5c =
7ad
5cd 7a2
5 c 5c + ac 5 + a 5
■ a + c = ac or a or 1 a
7 2 7 + 2x If a = ½, b = 4, c = 10 calculate:
■ xy + y = 7yxy²
+ 2xy
or xy
2a + b 1
5 3 5a - 3ab ■ = 2
■ ab - a = a²b
or 5 -ab3b c
4a2 1
7 7 7xy + 7x 7y - 7 ■ = 4
■ x + xy = x²y or xy b
ac
3h
3 ■ × bc =1
■ gh = g bc ac
c a 15
12m 3m ■ × = 16
■ 4n = n b b
6x c a
x ■ ÷ = 20
■ 18y = 3y b b
4a + c
mp p ■ =3
■ 6m = 6 b
2 2
3m
4
m² ■ a(c + b ) = 58
■ = 2
6m2

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 5 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
mathscentre
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Algebra Expansions
Expand all these expressions!
◘ 2(6 + 3x) = 12 + 6x ◘ (x + 5)(x + 1)
◘ 5(3a - 5) = 15a - 25 = x² + 6x + 5
◘ (x - 7)(x - 2)
◘ 10(2b + 4) = 20b + 40
= x² - 9x + 14
◘ 4(5c - 7) = 20c - 28
◘ (a + 6)(a - 4)
◘ 7(4d + 5e) = 28d + 35e
= a² + 2a - 24
◘ 4f(f + 2) = 4f² + 8f ◘ (x - 3)(x + 8)
◘ 5g(2g - 6) = 10g² - 30g = x² + 5x - 24
◘ (x - 9)(x + 9)
◘ 6h(h - 5) = 6h² - 30h
= x² - 81
◘ 5x(x2 - x + 2) 2
◘ (x + 6)
= 5x³ - 5x² + 10x
= x² + 12x + 36
2
◘ 3(a - 18a + 4) ◘ (x + 9)(x + 4)
= 3a² - 54a + 12 = x² + 13x + 36
◘ (x - 12)(x + 1)
◘ 2(a + 2b) + (a - b)
= x² - 11x - 12
= 2a + 4b + a - b
◘ (x + 11)(x - 5)
= 3a + 3b
= x² + 6x - 55
◘ 4(c - 3d) - 3(c + 2d)
◘ (x - 15)(x - 3)
= 4c - 12d - 3c - 6d
= x² - 18x + 45
= c - 18d ◘ (7 - x)(7 + x)
◘ 3(2e - f) + 2(e - 2f) = 49 - x²
= 6e - 3f + 2e - 4f ◘ (9 - x)2
= 8e - 7f = 81 - 18x + x²

◘ 3x(x + 8) - x(2x - 5) ◘ (3x + 2)(2x - 1)

= 6x² + x - 2
= 3x² + 24x - 2x² - 5x
◘ (4x - 7)(x + 5)
= x² + 19x
= 4x² + 13x - 35

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 6 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
mathscentre
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Quadratic Expansions
Want extra practise? Expand all these expressions!
◘ (x + 3)(x - 8) ◘ (2x + 3)(3x + 4)
= x² - 5x - 24 = 6x² + 17x + 12
◘ (5x + 1)(x - 2)
◘ (x + 12)(x + 10)
= 5x² - 9x - 2
= x² + 22 + 120
◘ (4x - 5)(2x - 3)
◘ (x - 9)(x - 8)
= 8x² - 22x + 15
= x² - 17x + 72 ◘ (1 - 2x)(3x + 7)
◘ (x - 7)(x + 11) = -6x² - 11x + 7
◘ (x - 5)(x + 5)
= x² + 4x - 77
= x² - 25
◘ (x + 8)(x + 1)
◘ (1 + 2x)(1 - 2x)
= x² + 9x + 8
= 1 - 4x²
◘ (x - 2)(x + 6) ◘ (3 - 2x)(2x + 3)
= x² + 4x - 12 = 9 - 4x²
◘ (x + 7)2
◘ (x - 5)(x - 13)
= x² + 14x + 49
= x² - 18x + 65 2
◘ (x - 5)
◘ (x + 15)(x - 4)
= x² - 10x + 25
= x² + 11x - 60 ◘ (3x - 1)2
◘ (x + 3)(6 - x) = 9x² - 6x + 1
2
◘ (2 + 4x)
= -x² + 3x + 18
= 4 + 16x + 16x²
◘ (2 - x)(3 - x)
◘ (2x + 3y)2
= 6 - 5x + x²
= 4x² + 12xy + 9y²
◘ (10 - x)(4 + x) ◘ (6x - 2y)
2

= 40 + 6x - x² = 36x² - 24xy + 4y²

2
◘ (x + 8)(5 + x) ◘ 2(3x - 5)
= 18x² - 60x + 50
= x² + 13x + 40

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 7 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
mathscentre
www.mathscentre.co.nz
Factorising
Factorise all these expressions!
► 10a - 15b = 5(2a - 3b) ► 14a - 21b = 7(2a - 3b)

► 3xy - 12xz = 3x(y - 4z) ► 3xy + 9yz = 3y(x + 3z)

► 4πx - 4πy = 4π(x - y) ► 2πd - 2πr = 2π(d - r)

► 4a² + 3a = a(4a + 3) ► 15x² - 20x = 5x(3x² - 4)

► x³ + x²y = x²(x + y) ► r³ + r² = r²(r + 1)

► a² - 6y = a² - 6y ► 9 + 3n² = 3(3 + n²)

► 2x³ + 2xy² = 2x(x² + y²) ► 2x² + 2xy = 2x(x + y)

► y² + y³ = y²(1 + y) ► 5x² + 5y² = 5(x² + y²)

► x² + 2xy - x = x(x + 2y - 1) ► 3x³ + xy = x(3x² + y)

► 36 + 6x³ = 6(6 + x³) ► 4ab - 8bc = 4b(a - 2c)

► 2πr² + πrh = πr(2r + h) ► ax + bx + ay + by

= x(a + b) + y(a + b)
► x²y - xy² = xy(x - y)
= (x + y)(a + b)
► 6a² - 12a = 6a(a - 2)
► 1 + x + y + xy
► 5x² - 10xy = 5x(x - 2y)
= 1(1 + x) + y(1 + x)
► 4a²b + 8ab² = 4ab(a + 2b) = (1 + y)(1 + x)
► 21x³ - 14x² = 7x²(3x - 2)
► 2xy + 6y - x - 3
► t² + 4t = t(t + 4) = 2y(x + 3) - 1(x + 3)
► 20x + 10x - 5y + 25y = (2y - 1)(x + 3)
= 10(3x + 2y) ► a² + ab - ac - bc
► 14a²b + 21ab² = a(a + b) - c(a + b)
= (a - c)(a + b)
= 7ab(2a + 3b)

► 3c + 6d + 12e ► 2ax - 4ay - 3bx + 6by

= 2a(x - 2y) - 3b(x - 2y)
= 3(c + 2d + 4e)
= (2a - 3b)(x - 2y)

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 8 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
mathscentre
www.mathscentre.co.nz
Quadratic Factoring 1
Factorise all these quadratic expressions!
2
● x + 11x + 24 ● 4x2 + 21x + 5 4×5=20 (20, 1)
= 4x2 + 20x + x + 5
= (x + 8)(x + 3)
= 4x(x + 5) + 1(x + 5)
● x2 + 11x + 18 = (4x + 1)(x + 5)

= (x + 9)(x + 2) ● 3x2 + 16x + 13 3×13=39 (3, 13)

2
2 = 3x + 3x + 13x + 13
● x - 100
= 3x(x + 1) + 13(x + 1)
= (x + 10)(x - 10) = (3x + 13)(x + 1)

● x2 + 9x - 36 ●
2
2x - 2x - 12 2×12=24 (4, 6)
2
= 2x + 4x - 6x - 12
= (x + 12)(x - 3)
= 2x(x + 2) - 6(x + 2)
2
● x + 5x - 84 = (2x - 6)(x + 2) or 2(x - 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 12)(x - 7) ●
2
8x - 18x + 9 8×9=72 (12, 6)
2
2 = 8x - 12x - 6x + 9
● x + 6x - 16
= 4x(2x - 3) - 3(2x - 3)
= (x + 8)(x - 2) = (4x - 3)(2x - 3)
2
● x - 3x - 40 ●
2
5x - 13x - 6 5×6=30 (10, 3)
2
= 5x - 10x - 3x - 6
= (x - 8)(x + 5)
= 5x(x - 2) + 3(x - 2)
2
● x - 11x + 18 = (5x + 3)(x - 2)

= (x - 9)(x + 2) ●
2
6x + 16x + 10 6×10=60 (10, 6)
= 6x2 + 6x + 10x + 10
● 2x2 - 20x + 32
= 6x(x + 1) + 10(x + 1)
= 2(x² - 10x + 16) = (6x + 10)(x + 1) or 2(3x + 5)(x + 1)

= 2(x - 8)(x - 2) ● 6x2 + 5x - 6 6×6=36 (9, 4)

2
2 = 6x + 9x - 4x - 6
● 3x - 24x + 48
= 3x(2x + 3) - 2(2x + 3)
= 3(x² - 8x + 16) = (3x - 2)(2x + 3)

= 3(x - 4)² ● 10x2 + 6x - 4 10×4=40 (10, 4)

2 = 10x2 + 10x - 4x - 4
● 2x - 2x - 84
= 10x(x + 1) - 4(x + 1)
= 2(x² - x - 42) = (10x - 4)(x + 1) or 2(5x - 2)(x + 1)

= 2(x - 7)(x - 6) ● 3x2 - 6x - 24 3×24=82 (12, 6)

2
● 36 - x = 3x2 - 12x + 6x - 24
= 3x(x - 4) + 6(x - 4)
= (6 - x)(6 + x) = (3x + 6)(x - 4) or 3(x + 2)(x - 4)

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 9 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
mathscentre
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Quadratic Factoring 2
Factorise all these quadratic expressions!
2
● 3x + 33x + 84 ● 2x2 + 5x + 3
= 3(x + 4)(x + 7) = (2x + 3)(x + 1)
● 2x2 + 20x + 32 ●
2
3x + 8x + 4
= 2(x + 2)(x + 8) = (3x + 2)(x + 2)
2
● 4x + 12x - 72 ● 8x2 + 14x + 3
= 4(x - 3)(x + 6) = (4x + 1)(2x + 3)
2
● 2x + 14x - 36 ●
2
3x + 5x - 2
= 2(x - 2)(x + 9) = (3x - 1)(x + 2)
● 2x2 - 6x - 80 ●
2
2x + 3x - 5
= (x + 5)(x - 8) = (2x + 5)(x - 1)
2
● 3x - 12x - 15 ● 5x2 - 8x + 3
= 3(x + 1)(x - 5) = (5x - 3)(x - 1)
● 2x2 - 36x + 160 ●
2
3x - 17x + 10
= 2(x - 8)(x - 10) = (3x - 2)(x - 5)
● 5x2 - 20x + 15 ● 2x2 - 3x - 9
= 5(x - 1)(x - 3) = (2x + 3)(x - 3)
2
● 4x - 88x + 484 ● 2x2 + 9x - 18
= 4(x - 11)² = (2x - 3)(x + 6)
● 2x2 + 20x + 50 ●
2
15x + x - 6
= 2(x + 5)² = (5x - 3)(3x + 2)
2
● 4x - 400 ● 4x2 + 2x - 20
= 4(x - 10)(x + 10) = 2(x - 2)(2x + 5)
2
● 6x - 6 ●
2
8x + 14x + 6
= 6(x + 1)(x - 1)
= 2(4x + 3)(x + 1)

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 10 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

 MAHOBE Published by

Quadratic Factoring 3
Mahobe Resources (NZ) Ltd

Factorise all these quadratic expressions!

2
● 6x + 14x + 4 ●
2
2x - x - 10
= (2x + 4)(3x + 1) = (2x - 5)(x + 2)
2
● 4x + 6x + 2 ●
2
6x + x - 2
= (2x + 1)(2x + 2) = (2x - 1)(3x + 2)

● 8x2 - 10x + 3 ● 8x2 + 14x + 3

= (4x - 3)(2x - 1) = (4x + 1)(2x + 3)

● 3x2 + x - 2 ● 2x2 + 9x - 5
= (3x - 2)(x + 1) = (2x - 1)(x + 5)
2
● 3x + 16x + 5 ● 2x2 - 24x + 40
= (3x + 1)(x + 5) = (2x - 4)(x - 10)
2
● 3x + 11x + 10 ●
2
16x - 49
= (3x + 5)(x + 2) = (4x + 7)(4x - 7)
2
● 14x + x - 3 ●
2
2x - 50
= (7x - 3)(2x + 1) = 2(x + 5)(x - 5)

● 4x2 - 8x - 5 ● 3x2 - 147 = 3(x² - 49)

= (2x - 5)(2x + 1) = 3(x - 7)(x + 7)

● 6x2 + 13x - 28 ● 4 - 36x2

= (2x + 7)(3x - 4) = 4(1 - 3x)(1 + 3x)

● 2x2 + 5x + 3 ● 2x² + 4x - 48 = 0
= (2x + 3)(x + 1) (2x - 8)(x + 6) = 0
2
● 5x + 12x + 4 x = 4 or x = -6

= (5x + 2)(x + 2) 2x² + 2x - 12 = 0

● 4x2 - 12x - 7 (2x + 6)(x - 2) = 0
= (2x - 7)(2x + 1) x = -3 or x = 2

2 × -3 = -6 and 2 × 2 = 4

The solutions are 2× bigger

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 11 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
mathscentre
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Algebra (1)
Simplify all these expressions Expand and simplify all these expressions
● 3a + 8a = 11a ● 2(a + 4b) = 2a + 8b

● b + b + 5b = 7b ● 5(3c - 8) = 15c - 40

● 4c + 6c - 8c = 2c ● -10(2d - 3) = -20d + 30

● 5d - d - 3e - 2e = 4d - 5e ● -2(4f + 3e) = -8f - 6e

● 5e + 2f + 3e - 4f = 8e - 2f ● 2(a + 2) + (a - 1)

● 3g - 3h + 4g - 5h = 7g - 8h = 3a + 3

● a × a × 5 = 5a² ● 4(b - 1) + 2(b + 2)

4
● 9b × b × b × b = 9b = 6b + 4

● 14y × 2 = 28y ● (c - d) + 6(c + 2d)

● c ÷ c =1 = 7c + 11d

● 12d ÷ 4 = 3d ● 3(e + 9) - 2e

● 5e × 6 = 30e = e + 27

● 4f × f = 4f² ● f(2f - 4) + 4f

● 2g × 8h = 16gh = 2f²
x = 3 and y = 4
● 20m ÷ 10m = 2
Find the values:

● 15xy ÷ 3 = 5xy
● 2x + 3y = 18 ● 2(x + y) = 14

● 6r × 7r = 42r²
● 5x - 2y = 7 ● x² - y² = -7

● 5g² × 4g = 20g³ 6x + y
● 3x² = 27 ● =4
2

● xy² = 48 ● (4x + y) = 4

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 12 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
mathscentre
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Algebra (2)
Simplify all these expressions
3a + 2a - 4a = 2a a³ × a5 = a8

6b - 4b - 3b = -b (b5)² = b10

2c - 3d + c - d = 3c - 4d c5 ÷ c³ = c²

ab + ba = 2ab d7 × d7 = d14

a² × a × 5 = 5a³ (3e4)³= 27e12

9b × 6b = 54b² f × f³ × f³ = f7

14y × 2 = 28y 3g5 × 2g³ = 6g8

c² ÷ c = c 3h6 ÷ h² = 3h4

d³ ÷ d² = d 2(3a - 5) = 6a - 10

5e × 8e = 40e² 4(6b + 8c) = 24b + 32c

4f × 9g = 36fg 5d(d² - d + 2) = 5d³ - 5d² + 10d

2g × 8g² = 16g³ 5a + (-2a) = 3a

8m³ ÷ 2m² = 4m b - (-2b) = 3b

15x³ ÷ 3x³ = 45 (-5c) - (-8c) = 3c

4d² + 4d² = 8d² (-2d) + (-2d) = 0

ef + 5ef - 4ef = 2ef -8y × 4y = -32y²

4ab × 4ac ÷ 4bc = 4a² 6 × -4r² = -24r²

(3x²y³)² = 9x4y6 -3g² × -4g³ = 12g

5

(25r²s6) = 5rs³ -6x ÷ -6x = 1

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 13 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

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Algebra (3)
Simplify all these expressions
● 13a + (2a - 8a) = 7a 12a²b
● = 4a
3ab
6cd² 3d
● 2b - 3c + b - 2c = 3b - 5c ● =
2c²d c
10e 2e 28e
● 6a² × 7 × a = 42a³ ● - =
3 9 9
d 13d
● 9b × 6b³ = 54b4 ● + 4d =
21 7 21
10x
● 14y × 2y = 28y² ● 3x - x = 48
8 6
5a a 26a
● c ÷ c² = c
8 6 ● 2
+ 10
= 10

4c × 5e = ce
● (8d)² = 64d² ● 8 6d
15d

● 3 ÷ 15 = 2e
● e³ + e³ = 2e³ 4e 8e² 5

● 3ab × 2c³ = ac²

● 4f² + 4f² = 8f² 10cd 9b² 15db

● 5ab × 5ac ÷ 5bc = 5a² ● 8 ÷ 2 = 4

9x 3x 3
5a+1
● (8e²f³)² = 64e f
4 6 ● a+1 + a-1 = 6
2 3
3a+5c+4
●
8
(16g²h ) = 4gh
4 ● b+c - b-2 = 10
2 5
9x+2
● (-2x)² = 4x² ● 3x-1 + 2-x = 12
3 4
18a-1
● -(3x)³ = -27x³ ● 4a+1 - a+3 = 10
2 5

● 2(a + 2b) + (a - b) x=5 y=3 z=1

= 3a + 5b ● 6x + 2y = ..........
36 ● x² + y² = 34
..........

● x(2x + 3) - 4(3x - 1) ● 2x² + 3z =..........

53 ● (4x - 2z)² = ..........
324

= 2x² - 9x + 4 a=½ b=⅛ c=¾

● x(x² + 1) - x²(x + 1) ● a + b = ..........

⅝ ● 24a² + 4c = ..........
9
a
= x - x² ● b = 4 ● 4c(12a²b) = 9..........
..........
ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 14 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman
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Equations (1)
Solve all these equations!
► 4x = 44 x = 11 ► 3(x + 2) - x = 30 x = 12

► x - 8 = 9 x = 17

► ¼x = 8 x = 32 ► 4(1 + 2x) = 52 x= 6

► x + 7 = 19 x = 12

► 6x = 48 x=8 ► 6(x + 1) - 6 = 30 x= 5

► ½x = 20 x = 40

► x - 5 = 25 x = 30 ► 2(x - 9) = x - 4 x = 14

► 5x = 0 x=0

► x - 14 = 5 x = 19 ► 8x = 2(3x + 6) x= 6

► x + 8 = 24 x = 16

► 3x + 2 = 14 x=4 ► 5(x + 8) = 50 x= 2

► 14 + 4x = 22 x=2 ► (x + 1) + 2(x + 2) = 29 x = 8

► 12x - 5 = 31 x=3 ► 4(3x - 1) + 10 = 18 x = 1

► 8x - 21 = 11 x=4 ► x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = 21 x = 5

► 3x = x + 10 x=5 ► 6x - 3 = 2x + 25 x=7

► 7x + 3 = 33 + x x=5 ► 4(x + 5) = 3(16 - x) x = 4

► 15x - 4 = 3x + 8 x=1 ► 8x - 5 = 2x + 13 x= 3

► 4 + 6x = 12 + 2x x=2 ► 6x - 4 = 2(x + 14) x= 8

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 15 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

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Equations (2)
Solve all these equations!
■ a - 5 = 19 a = 24 ■ 2(2a - 5) + 4(a + 7) = 82

■ b + 19 = 38 b = 19 b=8

■ 7c = 91 c = 13
d
■ = 20 d = 100 ■ 5(c + 3) + (c - 6) = 27
5
■ 11e - 5 = 72 e=7 c=3

■ 2f + 4 = 80 f = 38

■ g + 5g = 72 g = 12 ■ 2(e + 5) - 3(6 - e) = 42

■ 3h = 90 - 2h h = 18 e = 10

■ 3j + 2 = 27 - 2j j=5 ■ 5(f - 1) + 3(f - 4) = 23

f=5

■ 36 - 4k = 0 k=9

■ 22 - 5k - (k + 10) = 0

■ 12m - 5 = 15 + 8m k=2

m=5

■ 2n + 7 = 31 - 4n ■ 2(3m - 4) - 2(m + 7) = 0

n=4 m = 5.5

■ 3(p + 2) - p = 26

p = 10

■ 4(2r - 6) + 3(r + 5) = 35 ■ 5n - 2 = n - 3(n + 3)

r=4 n = -1

■ ½(t - 4) = 12

t = 28
w + 7
■ = 5
5
w = 18

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 16 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

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Equations (3)
Solve all these equations!
■ 3a + 5 = 17 - a ■ 2a - 5 = a - 2 a = 4
3 2
a=3

■ 25 - 7c = -10

c=5
c-1 3(c + 2)
■ 12d - 5 = 15 + 10d ■ =c- c = 13
3 5
d = 10

■ 2e + 7 = 31 - 4e

e=4

■ 3(f + 2) - f = 22 ■ ¾(5e - 12) - ¼(4 + e) = 32

f=8 e = 12

■ ¼(g - 12) = 9

g = 48

■ h + 7 = 10 ■ x² = 81 ■ x³ = 64
4
h = 33 x = ±9 x=4

■ ¾j - 2 = 10 ■ x² = 0.36 ■ ³ x= 2

j = 16 x = ± 0.6 x=8
x x 1
■ 4k - 5 = 2k + 43 ■ 3 = 81 ■ 4 =
16
k = 24 x=4 x = -2

■ 5(m + 3) + (m - 5) = 100 ■ Let x = 2y.

x² - 2y²
m = 15 Find the value of
x² + 2y²
1
=
3

■ 3(2n - 5) - 4(n + 7) = 13

n = 28

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 17 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

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Equations (4)
Solve all these equations
x+1 (2y + 13) y2
● 3 = 81 x=3 ● 25 × 5 =5

y = 5 or y = -3
x-1 (x - 4)
● 2 = 64 x=7 ● 9×3 > 81

x > 6
3x -2x2 x2
● 5 × 5 =5 ● 216 × 6
(2x + 5)
=6

x = -1 or x = -½ x = 4, x = -2

1-x 3x 2
● 7 × 7 =7 ● 8×2
(2y + 13)
=2
y

x = -1 or x = -½ y = -16

3x + 4 x x - 5
● 2 > 2 ● 64 × 4 > 512

x= or x = -1 x> (6.5)

x 6x + 3
● 5
x+6
= 5
x2 ● 16 × 2 = 2

x=
x = 3 or x = 2

2n + 1
x-4 ● 6×2 > 96
● 9 × 3 < 27
n>
x < 5

x 5x + 4
p- 1 ● 9×3 =3
● 10 × 2 < 1280
x = -½
p < 8

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 18 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

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Simultaneous Equations
Solve all these equations on your own paper!
1. y = 2x + 4 11. y = 5x - 6 21. x + y = 14
y = 5x - 5 2x + y = 8 x - y = 10
x=3, y=10 x=2, y=4 x=12, y=2
2. x = -y + 12 12. x = 3y + 6 22. -x + y = 2
x = 2y 2y + x = 1 x + y = 28
x=8, y=4 x=3, y=-1 x=13, y=15
3. y=7 13. x = 5 - 3y 23. x - 2y = 4
y = 3x - 20 13 = x + 2y x + 2y = 14
x=9, y=7 x=29, y=-8 x=9, y=2.5
4. x = 1 - 2y 14. x = 13 - 2y 24. -3x + y = -5
x=y-5 3y = x + 27 3x + y = 19
x=-3, y=2 x=-3, y=8 x=4, y=7
5. x=2 15. y = 6x - 5 25. y + 2x = 1
x = 3y - 1 y + 2x = -5 4x - y = -25
x=2, y=1 x=0, y=-5 x=-4, y=9
6. y = 6x - 1 16. x + y = 3 26. 4y - x = -5
y = 10x - 1 2x - 3 = y x + 3x = 5
x=0, y=-1 x=8.3, y=2.3 x=5/4, y=-15/16
7. y = 3x + 1 17. 2x + y = 7 27. x + 2y = 1
y = 2x - 2 y = 4x - 5 x - 2y = -11
x=-3, y=-8 x=2, y=3 x=-5, y=3
8. x = 3y 18. 5y - x = 2 28. 5x + y = 17
x = 5 - 2y x = 4y - 1 -5x + y = -3
x=3, y=1 x=3, y=1 x=2, y=7
9. y = 10 19. 5 = x + 8y 29. -y + 3x = 8
y = 2 - 4x x = 7 - 10y 3x + y = 16
x=-2, y=10 x=-3, y=1 x=4, y=4
10. x = y - 4 20. x = 3 - 3y 30. 7x + y = 11
x = 3 - 6y x = 2y + 18 y + 3x = 3
x=-3, y=1 x=12, y=-3 x=2, y=-3

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 19 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

 MAHOBE
Simultaneous Equations
1. x = apples; y = oranges x+y=8
3x + 2y = 20
Solution: 4 apples and 4 oranges

2. x = muffins; y = cupcakes x + y = 27
6x + 4.5y = 117
Solution: 12 muffins and 10 cupcakes.

3. x = paperback; y = hardcover books.

x + y = 12
30x + 45y = 960
Solution: 20 paperbacks and 8 hardcovers.

4. x = pens; y = pencils x + y = 18
12x + 8y = 224
Solution: 12 pens and 10 pencils.

5. x = sopranos; y = altos x + y = 28
4x + 3y = 101
Solution: 13 sopranos and 15 altos.

6. x = red marbles; y = blue marbles.

x + y = 40
8x + 3y = 225
Solution: 20 red marbles and 20 blue marbles.

7. x = boys; y = girls x + y = 25
20x + 25y = 550
Solution: 10 girls, 15 boys.

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 20 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

 MAHOBE
Simultaneous Equations
8. Solution: 700 Adults, 300 Children
9. Solution: x = 5% $10,000, y = 8% $20,000
10. x = present age of the woman; y = the present age of her son
Present age of the mother in relation to her son: x = y + 30
15 years ago: x – 15 = 2(y − 15).
Solution: y (son) = 45 years, x, (mother), is 75 years.

11. x = the number of adult tickets; y = the number of children's tickets.

Solution: x = 500, y = 225

12. x = amount invested at 6%; y = amount invested at 7%

Total investment: x + y = $20,000
Total interest: 0.06x + 0.07y = $1,280
Solution: x = $12,000. y = $8,000.

13. 9 litres of 30% alcohol solution → 0.3 × 9 = 2.7 litres of pure alcohol
x = number of litres 20% solution; y = number of litres 50% solution.
Total number of litres: x + y = 9
Total litres of pure alcohol: 0.2x + 0.5y = 2.7
Solution: x = 6 litres y = 3 litres.

14. Let x = speed of the boat in still water; y = the speed of the current.
Downstream speed: x + y = 24
Upstream speed: x – y = 18
Solution: x = 9 kmph. y = 3 kmph.

15. Let x = the amount of money Andre has, y = amount Bob has.
Andre gives Bob $20, they have the same amount x − 20 = y + 20
Bob gives Andre $22, Andre has twice as much as Bob x+22 = 2(y−22)
Solution: Bob has $106. Andre has $146.

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 21 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
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Changing the Subject
Make x the subject of the equations
x
► 2x + 5y = 15 ► 12y =
6
15 - 5y
x= x = 72y
2

► 4y = 2x + 8 ► x² = 5y
x = 2y - 4 x = 5y

► 3x - y = 12 ► y² = x² + 2a
y
x=4+ x = y² - 2a
3

► xy = 19 ► T = ¼πx²
19 4T
x= y x=
π

b
► ax = ► ⅜kx = y
10
b 8y
x = 10a x=
3k

3 y x y
► = ► =
x 2 11 5
6 11y
x= y x= 5

x
► 5
= y ► x² + y² = r²
x = 5y² x = r² - y²

► 2x² = 3y ► s = 4.9x²
3y s
x= 2 x= 4.9

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 22 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
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Simultaneous Equations
Solve all these simultaneous equations!
► x + y = 10 ► 2x + y = 13
x - y = 12 x=8-y
x = 11, y = -1 x = 5, y = 3

► 5x + y = 14 ► x = 4y - 1
4x - y = 22 3x + 2y = 11
x = 4, y = -6 x = 3, y = 1

► 2x + 3y = -2 ► 2x = 20 + 2y
3x - y = 13 4x + y = 20
x = -69, y = 47 x = 6, y = -4

► -4x + 5y = 20 ► y = 6x - 5
4x - 3y = -4 y + 2x = -5
x = 5, y = 8 x = 0, y = -5

► 5x + 8y = 71 ► y = 5x - 2
7x - 3y = 71 y = 4x + 4
x = 11, y = 8 x = 6, y = 28

► 3x + 5y = 5x - 3y ► -2x + 3y = 3
3x + 5y = 19 - 2y 7x + 2y = 27
x = 4, y = 1 x = 3, y = 3

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 23 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
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Sequences
Use n = 1, 2, 3 and 4 to find the first 4 terms of each sequence
● 3n - 1 ● 6n + 4

n 1 2 3 4 n 1 2 3 4

2 5 8 11 10 16 22 28

● 100 - 10n ● 25 - 3n

n 1 2 3 4 n 1 2 3 4

90 80 70 60 22 19 16 13

● 5n + 4 ● 2n² - n

n 1 2 3 4 n 1 2 3 4

9 14 19 24 1 6 15 28

● -2n + 3 ● n + 2n

n 1 2 3 4 n 1 2 3 4

1 -1 -3 -5 3 6 11 20
n
● 10 ● n³ - 1

n 1 2 3 4 n 1 2 3 4

10 100 1000 10000 . 0 7 26 63

● 2n ● n²(n - 2)

n 1 2 3 4 n 1 2 3 4

2 4 8 16 -1 0 9 32
n
● n(n + 3) ● n+2

n 1 2 3 4 n 1 2 3 4

4 10 18 28 0.33 0.5 0.6 0.67

n
● n² + n ● 2n+1

n 1 2 3 4 n 1 2 3 4

2 6 12 20 0.33 0.4 0.43 0.44

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 24 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
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Sequences
Find the next 2 terms and the rule for all these sequences!
■ 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27 ■ 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49
tn = 4n - 1 tn = n²

■ 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 ■ 3, 6, 11, 18, 27, 38, 51

tn = 3n + 3 tn = n² + 2

■ -3, -1, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 ■ 0, 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, 48

tn = 2n - 5 tn = n² - 1

■ 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36 ■ 3, 10, 21, 36, 55, 78, 105
tn = 5n + 1 tn = 2n² + n

■ 4, 2, 0, -2, -4, -6, -8 ■ 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, 48, 63

tn = -2n + 6 tn = n² + 2n

■ 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65 ■ 2, 10, 24, 44, 70, 102, 140
tn = -5n + 100 tn = 3n² - n

■ 7, 4, 1, -2, -5, -8, -11 ■ 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72

tn = -3n + 10 tn = n² + 3n + 2

■ 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 ■ 8, 14, 24, 38, 56, 78, 104
tn = 0.5n + 6 tn = 2n² + 6

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 25 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
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Sequences
Can you answer these sequence questions?
1. The first five terms in a number sequence are: 7, 10, 13, 16, 19
(a) nth term of the sequence is tn = 3n + 4
(b) 100th term in this number sequence 3×100 + 4 = 304.

2. A number sequence has nth term 6n + 5

(a) First four terms of this sequence are 11, 17, 23, 29
(b) Not correct (1008-5)/6 = 167.2 (needs to be an integer)

3. The first 5 terms of a number sequence are: 1, 5, 9, 13, 17.

(a) nth term of the sequence is tn = 4n - 3
(b) Is 97 a term in this sequence? 4×25-3 = 97 yes 25th term.

4. The nth term of a number sequence is n² + 5.

(a) First three terms of this sequence are 6, 9, 14
(b) t10 = 105, t5 = 30, difference = 75

5. The first 5 terms in a number sequence are: 13, 10, 7, 4, 1.

(a) nth term of the sequence is tn = -3n + 16
(b) 50th term of the sequence is -3×50 + 16 = -134

6. Kim calculates first 50 terms of the sequence 150 - 4n.

First negative term 150-4n= 0, n = 37.5, term 38 = -2

7. The nth term of a sequence is (n + 2)(n + 5)

First 5 terms of the sequence: 18, 28, 40, 54, 70.

8. The nth term of a sequence is 5n - 9

(a) First 5 terms are: -4, 1, 6, 11, 16
(b) Term 99 = 486, term 100th = 491, difference = 5
The last term of this sequence is 741.
(c) How many terms in the sequence? 5×150 - 9 = 150 terms

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 26 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
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Sequences
Can you answer these harder sequence questions?
1. A linear sequence starts 300, 296, 292, 288 ...
Which term will be the first to have a negative value?
tn = -4n + 304 4n = 304 first negative term n = 76th term

2. The nth term of a sequence is 4n - 10

Write an expression for the term n + 1
first 5 terms for 4n - 10 = -6, -2, 2, 6, 10,
first 5 terms for n+1 = -2, 2, 6, 10, 14, tn = 4n - 6

3. A linear sequence starts off 4, 11, 18, 25, ...

Write an expression for the nth term.
How many terms in the sequence will be less than 150?
Tn = 7n - 3, T22= 151 so 21 terms < 150

4. nth term of Sequence A: 4, 7, 10, 13, tn = 3n + 1

nth term of Sequence B: 16, 49, 100, 169, Tn = 9n² + 6n + 1
Show that the 30th term of sequence B equals 49 × 169.
49 × 169 = 8281 T30 = 9(30)² + 6(30) + 1
= 8281
5. A linear sequence has the terms a+b, a+3b, a+5b, a+7b, a+9b, ....
Find the nth term of the sequence.
Term 8: a + 15b = 59
Term 5: a + 9b = 35
6b = 24, b = 4, a = -1
Sequence is therefore: 3, 11, 19, 27, 35, Tn = 8n - 5
6. A pattern of rectangles continues as below. The areas of each
rectangle form a sequence: 12, 20, 30, 42, ...
Find the nth term of the sequence of areas.
6
5
4
tn = n² + 5n + 6
3 4 5

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 27 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
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Algebra Practise
Basic Skill Questions - Set A
1. (x + 2)(4x - 5) = 4x² + 3x - 10 13. x² - x - 2

2. 2x² - 15x + 18 = (2x - 3)(x - 6) = (x + 1)(x - 2)

3. Coordinates cut x axis at y = 0 14. x² + 5x - 36.

= (0, 0)(-3, 0) Length of each side = (x - 4)(x + 9)

4. If x = 2 and h = x(x - 1) + 2 15. y = 3x² - 2x + 5

2(2 - 1) + 2, h = 4 y = 3(4)² - 2(4) + 5

5. (3x + 7)(x - 2) = 3x² + x - 14 y = 45

6. 3x² - 11x + 6 = (3x - 2)(x - 3) 16. y = 3x² - 5x + 7

7. If x = 2 and h = 2x(x - 1.5) + 1 y = 3(2)² - 5(2) + 7

2(2)(2 - 1.5) + 1, h = 3 y = 9

8. Coordinates = (0, 0), (-9, 0) 17. n² - 4n - 5.

9. 4(x + 5) = 24, x = 1 = (n + 1)(n - 5)

10. (x + 7) ÷ 4 = 5, x = 13 18. x² + 4x - 12

11. Area = w(w + 2) = (x + 6)(x - 2)

= w² + 2w length = x+2 width = x-2

12. Area = L(L - 3) 19. y = -(x² - 4x)

= L² - 3L x measures the horizontal distance

travelled

20. d = ut + 3t²

d = (3 × 5) + 3(5)²

d = 90

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 28 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
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Algebra Practise
Basic Skill Questions - Set B
1. A = xy + 5y² 11. A = 3(2x²y - 2x)

A = 2×4 + 5×4² A = 3(2×3²×5 - 2×3)

A = 88 A = 252

2. 3x² - 4x - 32 12. A = 2(x + 3xy²)

(3x + 8)(x - 4) A = 2(5 + 3×5x2²)

3. h = 9 - 4x² 4x² = 9 - h A = 130

9 - h
x² = 13. (3x - 2)(x + 2)
4
= 3x² + 4x - 4
9 - h 4
x = 4 14. 2x - 3x + 5
4. n = 9m² - 16. 4
= 2(-2) - 3(-2) + 5
9m² = n + 16 = 43
m² = n + 16 15. 60 ÷ x + 12 = 14
9
x = 30
n + 16
m= 9 16. w = pq² + r
w-r
5. 3x² + 2x - 40 p = 9²
= (3x - 10)(x + 4) 17. 5m²n × m³n² = 5m n
5 3

6. (2x + 3)(x - 2)
18. a. 4a³ = 32 a = 2
= 2x² - x - 6
b. (b³)² = 64 b = 2
4
7. 3 = 81, x = 3
c
6 c. 5 = 125 c = 3
8. 2 = 64, x = 7
9A 9A d. (2d²)² = 324 d = 3
9. r² = 25 r =
25
19. 12a²b + 6ab² - 7a²b
4A 4A
10. r² = r = 9 = 5a²b + 6ab²
9

20. 3(2x + 7) = 9

x = -2

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 29 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
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Algebra Practise
Proficiency Skill Questions - Set A
1. h = hours 8 + 3(h - 2) = 23 7. x² + 3x - 10 = (x + 5)(x - 2)

8 + 3h - 6 = 23 y = 0 when x = -5 or x = 2

3h + 2 = 23 calculating when y < 0

h = 7 test between x = -5 and x = 2

James hires the bike for 7 hours. x = 0, y = 0² + 3×0 - 10

2. 10 × 2
n-1
≥ 160 y = -10, therefore y is negative

n-1
when -5 < x < 2
2 ≥ 16
8. x² + 4x - 12 = (x + 6)(x - 2)
4
2 = 16
y = 0 when x = -6 or x = 2
therefore n - 1 ≥ 4
test x = 3, y = 3² + 4×3 - 12
n≥5
y = 9, therefore y is positive when
3. 5r³ = 320
x < -6 or x > 2
r³ = 64 n-1 n-1
9. D = 7 × 2 , 112 = 7 × 2
r=4
n-1 4
16 = 2 , 2 = 16
4. area = x² - x - 2.
n = 5 (5 weeks)
Factorise (x + 1)(x - 2)
10. 77 = 38 + 13h
Width = (x - 2)
2 3+x x² + 3x + 10 39 = 13h, h = 3 hours
5. Show that + =
x 5 5x
2 3+x 5×2 + 3x + x²
+ = 2a³y xy²
x 5 5x 5xy²
x² + 3x + 10 11. = 4xy² - 4xy² + 4xy²
=
5x
5 x² 1 5 1 3
= 4 - +
2y 4 4 + 4 = 2
3ab² 4a³b ab²
6. = - + 4ab²
4ab² 4ab² 3 x²
= 2 - 2y
3 a² 1
= - + 4 3y - x²
4 b
= 2y
a²
= 1- b 12. 486 = 6r
4

4
81 = r

r = 3

rate of spread is 3m² per week

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 30 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman
The NZ Centre of Mathematics
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Algebra Practise
Proficiency Skill Questions - Set B
1. x² + 2x - 8 = 0 7. 15y² - 10y + 6y - 4 = 0

(x + 4)(x - 2) = 0, x = -4 or x = 2 5y(3y - 2) + 2(3y - 2) = 0

2. x² + 4x - 12 (5y + 2)(3y - 2) = 0, y= -2/5, 2/3

= (x + 6)(x - 2) → side lengths 8. 3x² + 12x - 10x - 40

x² + 4x - 12 = 128 3x(x + 4) - 10(x + 4)

x² + 4x - 140 = 0 (3x - 10)(x + 4)

(x + 14)(x - 10) possible values x = 10/3, -4

6x
x = -14 (discard) or x = 10 9.
2x - 1
side lengths = (10+6)(10-2) x-1
10.
5x
= 16 and 8 5x - 1
11. (x + 1)(x - 2)
3. y² - 3y - 10 = 0
12. 36x - 23
y = 5, y = -2
12
4. 3x² + 8x - 16 = 0, -4
13.
3
3x² + 12x - 4x - 16 = 0
14. x < -2
3x(x + 4) - 4(x + 4) = 0

(3x - 4)(x + 4) = 0 15. y > -3

x = 4/3, -4 16. 6x+5 + 8x+3 + 4x-2 + 10x+1 + AB

5. 2a² - 3a - 9 = 0 28x + 7 + AB = 32x - 7

2a² - 6a + 3a - 9 = 0 AB = 4x - 14

2a(a - 3) + 3(a - 3) = 0 17. 2(8x + 3) + 2(6x + 2) = 290

16x + 6 + 12x + 4 = 290
(2a + 3)(a - 3) = 0
28x + 10 = 290, x = 10
a = 3/2, 3
18. 10 × -4 × 3 ÷ (-4 + 3)² = -120
6. 10x² - 27x - 9 = 0 k 8
19. (2a)³ × 2a = 16a
10x² - 30x + 3x - 9 = 0
k 8
8a³ × 2a = 16a , k = 5
10x(x - 3) + 3(x - 3) = 0
20. 36 = ½ × (15 + 9) h.
(10x + 3)(x - 3) = 0
36 = 12 × h,
x = -3/10, 3
h = 12

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 31 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

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Proficiency Skill Questions - Set C

8m + 3m 11m
1. 4x² + 8x + 3 = 0, x = -1.5. 7. =
12 12
Possible factorised equations

(2x + 1)(2x + 3) û 8. Z = Zahara’s age: Z(Z + 4) = 725

(4x + 2)(x + 1.5) ü Z² + 4Z - 725 = 0

(Z + 29)(Z - 25) = 0
Other solution = -0.5
Z = -29 or Z = 25
Zahara = 25, Maddox = 29
2. V = 50 × (w + 10) × w
Zahara is now 5
V = 50w² + 500w = another 20 years.
60 litres = 60,000cm³

50w² + 500w = 60000

9. a. T = V - dx
50w² + 500w - 60000 = 0
T = Total volume remaining
50(w² + 10w - 1200) = 0
V = initial volume
50(w + 40)(w - 30) = 0
d = number of drippers
w = 30, w+10 = 40, height = 50 (cm)
x = amount used by each dripper
b. T = V - dx
3. Perimeter = 30 cm the length of each 60 = 150 - 4x
side = 10 cm (equilateral triangle) 4x = 90
2x - y = 10 x = 22.5
2y + x = 10 or x = 10 - 2y Amount of water used by each
Substitute 2(10 - 2y) - y = 10 dripper is 22.5 litres.
20 - 4y - y = 10
20 - 5y = 10 2 2
10. 4x + 3x + 5x - 2x = 22
-5y = -10, y = 2 2
9x + x = 22
If y = 2 then 2x - 2 = 10 2
x + 9x - 22 = 0
2x = 12, x = 6
(x + 11)(x - 2) = 0
(x - 2y)(x + 2y) x + 2y x = -11 or x = 2
4. =
x(x - 2y) x Width of path = 2m

5x + 6x 11x
5. =
10 10

6. x² + 2x - 255 = 0
(x + 17)(x - 15), x = -17 or x = 15
ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 32 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman
The NZ Centre of Mathematics
mathscentre
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Algebra Practise
Advanced Skill Questions - Set A
3 x+4
1. x² + 6x + c = 0 7. + (cross multiply)
2x 4
1 solution means (x + a)² = (x + 3)² 12 2x² + 8x
+
8x 8x
equation is x² + 6x + 9 = 0 2x² + 8x + 12
= 8x
2. A=distance Andy, B=distance Billy
8. 6x - y = 21 or y = 6x - 21
A + B = 8 or B = 8 - A
15 -x + 6y = 14 or 6y = 14 + x
B = 10 Billy travels 1.5km faster
36x - 126 = 14 + x
1.5A = 8 - A, A = 3.2, B = 4.8
x² - 1 3 35x = 140, x = 4, y = 3
3. =
x² + 2x + 1 4
x - y = 1
(x - 1)(x + 1) 3 9. x³ = mx,
(x + 1)(x + 1) = 4 (but x # 1)
x² = m
4x - 4 = 3x + 3, x = 7
x = m
4. S + A = 38
x² = n + x and m = n + x
10s + 12A = 420
m = n + m
10s + 10A = 380 (equation 1×10)
n = m - m
2A = 40
10. 2(12x + 1) + (4x - 2)(2x + 3) = 92
Adults = 20, Students = 18
x 6x + 3
24x+2 + 8x²+12x-4x-6 = 92
5. 4×2 =2
8x² + 32x - 96 = 0
x 6x + 3
2² × 2 = 2
8(x² + 3x - 12) = 0
x y x + y
2 + x = 6x + 3 (as A + A = A )
8(x + 6)(x - 2) = 0
5x + 1 = 0, x = -0.2 (-1/5)
x = -6, x = 2
6. x² + 5x - 36 = 144
In this situation x = 2
x² + 5x - 150 = 0
11. (x + 6)(x - 4) = x² + 2
(x + 15)(x - 10) = 0
x² + 2x - 24 = x² + 2
x = -15, x = 10
2x = 2 + 24
x = 10 as no negative lengths
x = 13

Tiles at the start = 13² = 169

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 33 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
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Algebra Practise
Advanced Skill Questions - Set B
-2x²
1. ½x(4x + 6) = 35 5. 51 × 53x = 5
2x² + 3x - 35 = 0 3x + 1 = -2x²
(2x - 7)(x + 5) = 0 2x² + 3x + 1 = 0
x = 3.5, or x = -5 (2x + 1)(x + 1) = 0
Disregard x = -5 x = -½ or x = -1
x-4
2. 8×2 < 20 6. (2y)(3y - 1) = ½(2y - 2)(5y + 9)

2³ × 2
x-4
< 20 6y² - 2y = ½(10y² + 8y - 18)

2
x-1
< 20 y² - 6y + 9 = 0
4 5 (y - 3)² = 0, y = 3
2 = 16 and 2 = 32
7. 7 + x - 6x² = 8x + 4.
x≤5
6x² + 7x - 3 = 0
3. A + S = 27 and S = 27 - A
(3x - 1)(2x + 3) = 0
30A + 20S = 650
x = - ³, x = -1.5
30A + 20(27 - A) = 650
y = 6 ³, y = -8
30A + 540 - 20A = 650

10A = 110 and A = 11, S = 16

R = Arabella and S = Isabella

½R + ³ S = 16 ×6 A
½R + ³S = 11 ×6

3R + 4S = 96

3R + 2S = 66

2S = 30 B

S = 15, R = 12

4. C = 2πr and r1 + r2 = 10

C = 2πr1 + 2πr2
A = (0.33, 6.67)
C = 2π(r1 + r2)
B = (-1,5, -8)
C = 2π10

C = 20π

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 34 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
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Algebra Practise
Advanced Skill Questions - Set C
1. 5² × 5
2y + 13
= 5
y²
6. A = (-5, -10), B = (9, 11)

2 + 2y + 13 = y² Using point A -10Q = -5P + 5 (×9)

y² - 2y - 15 = 0 Using point B 11Q = 9P + 5 (×5)

(y - 5)(y + 3) = 0 -90Q = -45Q + 45

y = 5, y = -3 55Q = 45Q + 25

2. U = under 65, V = 65 or over -35Q = 70, Q = -2 and P -3

U + V = 21 7. (x - 3)(x + 3) < (x - 4)(x + 2)

14U + 10V = 258 x² - 9 < x² - 2x - 8

10U + 10V = 210 -1 < -2x, x < ½

4U = 48 8. 10 × 2p - 1 < 165
p-1
U = 12, V = 9 2 < 16.5
4 5
3. x² + cx + 16 = 0 2 = 16 and 2 = 32

solution must be (x + a)² p < 5 assuming p is an integer

(x + 4)² = 0, c = 8 9. M = 5(a² - 3a + 4) + a²

4. A + B = 15 and B = 15 - 8 N = (3a - 5)(2a - 4) + 7(a + 5)

B = 18/12A expand and simplify

B = 1.5A M = 6a² - 15a + 20

1.5A = 15 - A N = 6a² - 15a + 55

2.5A = 15, A = 6km, B = 9km then M = N - 35

x - 4
5. D - 20 = G + 20 10. 3³ × 3 > 200
x - 1 5
3 > 200 (3 = 243), x ≥ 6
2(G - 22) = D + 22 11. A - 2 = B + 2 or A = B + 4
2G - 44 = D + 22 B - 2 = (A + 2) ÷ 2
D = 2G - 66 B - 2 = (B + 4 + 2) ÷ 2

2B - 4 = B + 6,
2G - 66 - 20 = G + 20 B = 10, A = 14
G = $106, D = $146

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 35 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

The NZ Centre of Mathematics
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Algebra Practise
Advanced Skill Questions - Set D
4 2 x x² - 6
1. x - 18x + 81 = 0 6. (2³) × (2²) = 2²

(x² - 9)(x² - 9) = 0 2x² + 3x + 14 = 0 (2×14 = 28)

(x² - 9) = (x + 3)(x - 3) 2x² + 7x - 4x - 14 = 0

x = 3 or -3 (x - 2)(2x + 7) = 0, x = 2 or -7/2

2. Ry - 2Rx = 5y - 4x 7. 3x + 2y = 20

4x - 2Rx = 5y - Ry 2y = 20 - 3x
20 - 3x
x(4 - 2R) = y(5 - R) xy = 14, x × = 14
2
y(5 - R)
x= 20x - 3x² = 28
4 - 2R
3. Perimeter A 6W + 8L = 20 3x² - 20x + 28 = 0 (3×28 = 84)

Perimeter B 8W + 10L - 26 3x² - 6x - 14x + 28 = 0

multiply A × 8 and B × 6 (3x-14)(x-2) = 0, x = 14/3 or 2

48W + 64L = 160 8. (3x - 5)² ≤ 3x² + 1

48W + 60L = 156 6x² - 30x + 24 ≤ 0

4L = 4, L = 1, W = 2 x² - 5x + 4 ≤ 0, 1 ≤ x ≤4

Rec A Length = 4, width = 6 9. (-3, 6) -6A = -3B + 6

Rec B, Length = 5, width = 8 (3, 10) 10A = 3B + 6

4. (3 + 2x)(2 + 2x) = 2(2 × 3) 4A = 12, A = 3, B = 8

6 + 6x + 4x + 4x² = 12 10. x² + 4x - 140 = 0

4x² + 10x - 6 = 0 (x + 14)(x - 10) = 0, x = 10

2x + 6 x²
2x² + 5x + 3 = 0 (2×3 = 6) 11. 6² × 6 = 6
2x² + 6x - 1x - 3 = 0 2x + 8 = x², x = 4 or x = -2
2x(x + 3) - 1(x + 3) = 0 12. Any odd number = 2n + 1
(2x - 1) (x + 3) = 0 Next consecutive odd = 2n + 3
x = ½, x = -3 (ignore) Using n² – 2.
5. (3x + A)² = 9x² + Bx + 16, A = 4 [(2n+3)² - 2] - [(2n+1)² - 2]
(3x + 4)(3x + 4) = 4(2n + 2)
9x² + 24x + 16, A = 4, B = 24 4 is a factor and it is therefore
divisible by 4.
ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 36 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman
The NZ Centre of Mathematics
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Algebra Practise
Advanced Skill Questions - Set E
1. 2 points where the ball is 3m 4. x² - ax - 24 = 0
above the ground factors of 24: -6, 4; -12, 2; -8, 3
3 = 4x - x² (x - 12)(x + 2) = 0, x = 12, x = -2
x² - 4x + 3 = 0, x = 3 or x = 1 5. R = 5n² + n - 4 - 4n² -2n + 1
This means the ball is 3m or above R = n² - n - 3,
for 2m of horizontal distance. = (n² - n + 5) - 8
Finding the total horizontal R = T - 8
distance zero metres or above.
6. Substitute point G into equation
x(x - 4) = 0, x = 0 or x = 4
13 = A(-1)² + B(-1) + 2
Total horizontal distance = 4m
13 = A - B + 2
% distance = 2m ÷ 4m (50%)
A - B = 11
2. 2n² - n + 5 (consecutive = n+1)
Substitute point H into equation
2(n+1)² - (n + 1) + 5
18 = A(4)² + B(4) + 2
2n² + 3n + 6
18 = 16A + 4B + 2
- 2n² - n + 5
16A + 4B = 16
4n + 1
Simultaneous Equation
or if n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
4A - 4B = 44
2n² - n + 5 = 6, 11, 20, 33, 50
16A + 4B = 16
Difference = 5, 9, 13, 17
20A = 60, A = 3, B = -8
Rule = 4n + 1
7. Area (4x + 2)(6x + 3)
3. x² + 6x + c = 0
= 24x² + 24x + 6
solution must have form (x + a)²
= 6(4x² + 4x + 1)
(x + 3)² and c = 9 A(x² - 7)
8. (y + 3)² =
B
Final equation x² + 6x + 9 = 0.
B(y + 3)² = A(x² - 7)
B(y + 3)² + 7 = x²
A

B(y + 3)²
x = + 7
A

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 37 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

 MAHOBE
Algebra Practise
Advanced Skill Questions - Set F
1. 3x - y = 8 6. Let u = 3x and u² = 32x
(2³)
x
23x
= y
u² - 4u - 45 = 0
2
y 2
=2
3x - y 8
(2 ) = 256 (u - 9)(u + 5) = 0, u = 9 or u = -5

2a. ( 3 + 15 )² = 3 + 2 3 15 + 15 9 = 32 and 81 = 34 then x = 2

x 2x
= 18 + 2 45 -5 = 3 and 25 = 3 x not +integer
x+y 2x
= 18 + 2× 9 × 5 7. 3² × 3 = (3³)

= 18 + 6 5 2 + x + y = 6x

2b. (3 + 5)² = 9 + 3 5 + 3 5 + 5 y = 5x - 2

= 14 + 6 5 8. = (2n)² + (2n+2)² + (2n+4)² - 2

K² + 14 + 6 5 = 18 + 6 5 = 12n² + 24n + 18

K² = 4 = 2(6n² + 12n + 9), 2 is a factor

k = 2 (ignore -2) = 3(4n² + 8n + 6), 3 is a factor

m+9 2m + 15 3m + 18
3. x+y+z = + + = 6(2n² + 4n + 3), 6 is a factor
2 2 2
= 6m + 42 9. y = 4a² - 4a - 4b² + 4b
2
= 3m + 21 y = 4[(a² - b²) - a + b)]

= 3m + 21 y = 4[(a - b)(a + b) - a + b]
3
=m + 7 y = 4[(a - b)(a + b) - 1(a - b)]

4. 3x + 1 = x + 4 - x² y = 4(a - b)(a + b - 1)

x² + 2x - 3 = 0 10. n(2n + 6) > n(n² + 3)

(x + 3)(x - 1), x = -3 or 1, 2n + 3 > n² + 3

coordinates (-3, -8), (1, 4) n² - 2n - 3 < 0

5. 2x(2x - 1) = ½(2x - 4)(7x + 9) (n - 3)(n + 1) < 0

n - 3 < 0, n < 3 & n + 1 < 0, n <-1
4x² - 2x = (x - 2)(7x + 9)
11. 33π = 2πr (r + 9.5)
4x² - 2x = 7x² - 5x - 18
33 = 2r² + 19r
3x² - 3x - 18 = 0
2r² + 19r - 33 = 0
(3x + 6)(x - 3) = 0
(2r - 3)(r + 11) = 0
x - -2 (ignore) or x = 3
r = 1.5 or r = -11 (ignore)

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 38 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

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1 - Substitution
1. a = 3, b = -2, c = 13 and z = ½
a. abc – 3b → 3 × (-2) × 13 - 3 × -2 = -72
b. b² + 4c – 3z → (-2)² + 4 × 13 - 3 × ½ = 54.5
4 4
c. (a + b + ½c) ÷ z → (3 + (-2) + ½ × 13) ÷ ½ = 171

2. h = 2g² + 0.15d – 5l; g = 6, d = 8, l = 10

h = 2(6)² + 0.15 × 8 - 5 × 10
h = 23.2

3. C = 80 + 75h; h = 5½ C = 80 + 75 × 5.5
C = $492.50

4. A = LW; L = 5 cm, W = 14.25 cm A = 5 × 14.25

A = 71.25 cm²

5. P = 2(W + L); L = 5cm, W = 14.25cm P = 2(14.25 + 5)

P = 38.5 cm

6. V = πr²h; r = 6 cm, h = 14 cm V = π × 6² × 14
V = 1583.4 cm³, (or 504π cm³)

7. SA = 2πr² + 2πrh; r = 6cm, h = 14cm SA = 2 × π × 6² + 2 × π × 6 × 14

SA = 754 cm² (or 240π cm²)

8. E = ½mv² ; v = 45 metres per second, m = 210 000 kg

E = ½ × 210000 × 45²
E = 212 625 000

9. M = 0.0625s + s; s = $2000 M = 0.0625 × 2000 + 2000

M = $2125

10. z² = 11 + x²; x = -5. z² = 11 + (-5)²

z= 36
z=6

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 39 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

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2 - Expanding Single Brackets and Simplifying Expressions

Expand each expression Simplify each expression
1. 3(5x – 8) = 15x - 24 1. 5x + x = 6x

2. xy(10 + z) = 10xy + xyz 2. 3a + 4b + 4a = 7a + 4b

3. -5(y – 2) = -5y + 10 3. 7a + 5b – 16a + 12b

= -9a + 17b
4. -3a(12 – 2b) = -36a + 6ab 4. 4x² + x² + 3x – 11x
= 5x² - 8x or x(5x - 8)
5. -xy(3 – y) = -3xy + xy² 5. 6ab – 3a – 3b + 4b
= 6ab - 3a + b
6. 5b(abc + 8) = 5ab²c + 40b or 3a(2b - 1) + b
6. 7pq + 10pq² – pq + pq²
7. -4(-3 + c) = 12 - 4c = 6pq + 11pq² or pq(6 + 11q)
7. 3x – 4x² + 9x – 10x² =
8. -6r(2 – 3r) = -12r + 18r² = 12x - 14x² or 2x(6 - 7x)
8. b³ – 10ab³ + 8b³
9. 3xy(x + 7) = 3x²y + 21xy = 9b³ - 10ab³ or b³(9 - 10a)
9. -5z³ – 2z – 10z + 3z – 4z³
10. xy(y + 18) = xy² + 18xy = -9z³ - 9z or 9z(z² - 1)
10. x² + 9x – 52
11. 8xy(2xy – xy) = 16x²y² - 8x²y² = (x + 13)(x - 4)
11. -9t² + t – 21t²
5
12. 4x²(y³ + 2x³) = 4x²y³ + 8x = -30t² + t or t(-30t + 1)
12. 2x² – 11x² – 21

13. 3(x + 1) + 4(4x + 2) = -9x² - 21

= 3x + 3 + 16x + 8 13. x – x – x + 0.5x – 3x

= 19x + 11 = -3.5x

14. 4(3 – x) – 3(2x + 1) 14. 3x(2 + y) + 7x(2+y)

= 12 - 4x - 6x - 3 = 6x + 3xy + 14x + 7xy

= 9 - 10x = 20x + 10xy

15. 3(5x – 0.5) – 4x(-y + 0.25) 15. -5x² – (-2x) – (-5x²) + 8x

= 15x - 1.5 + 4xy - x = 10x

= 14x + 4xy - 1.5

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 40 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

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3 - Simplifying Expressions and Expanding Single Brackets

Simplify each expression: Expand each expression:
1. 40y ÷ 10y = 4 1. x(x + y) = x² + xy

2. 30x² ÷ 5x² = 6 2. 4a(a – a²) = 4a² - 4a³

3. 3d × 7d² = 21d³ 3. 2bc(3bc + 2b) = 6b²c² + 4b²c

4 3
4. 6e³f² × 4ef = 24e f 4. 5x(x² – xy) = 5x³ - 5x²y

x 5. bc(a + b²) = abc + b³c

5. 3x³ ÷ 12x² =
4

4 -1 5 6. x²y(y + xy) = x²y² + x³y²

6. 3pq² × 5p q = 15p q

4 6 7. 3yz(-3y – z) = -9y²z - 3yz²

7. 30d × 4cd² = 120cd

4
-1 -2 8. 8x(x³ + x²y) = 8x + 8x³y
8. 200x²yz³ ÷ 100x³y³z² = 2x y z
1
= 2. . z
4 4 8
x y² 9. a³(7a – a²b)
4
= 7a - a b
5

9. -12a c × -3a c² = 36a c³

4 5
10. 2(0.5x + 2.7x) – 3x = 3.4x 10. 4x(2x – 3x²) = 8x - 12x³

1 11. xz(x²z – xyz) = x³z² - x²yz²

11. 70x ÷ 140x² =
2x

5
12. 50x³y z² × 3x²yz = 150x y z
4 5 6 6
12. x(a + bc) = ax + bcx

7
-4 -2 -4 5 -1 3a 13. x²(2x + y) – x(x² – xy)
13. 21a³b c ÷ 28a b c = 9
4b c
= x³ + 2x²y

14. 30y² × 5y
-3
= 150y
-1 14. x³(2x - 4) + x²(x² - 2)
150 4
= 3x - 4x³ - 2x²
=
y

-4.5
15. 15z³ × 15z = 225y-1.5
225
= 1.5
y
ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 41 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman
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4 - Simple Factorising and Expanding Brackets

Factorise each expression: Expand each expression:
1. 5x + 5 = 5(x + 1) 1. (x + 8) (x + 4)
= x² + 12x + 32
2. 20x + 12 = 4(5x + 3) 2. (x + 20) (x + 6)
= x² + 26x + 120
3. 6xy - 12x = 6x(y - 2) 3. (p - 1)(4 – p)
= -p² + 5p - 4
4. 5x + 10 + 20xy = 5(x + 2 + 4xy) 4. (a + 9) (a – 7)
= a² + 2a - 63
5. 9x² + 5x = x(9x + 5) 5. (3y + 3) (y + 2)
= 3y² + 9y + 6
6. 3x²y + y²x = xy(3x + y) 6. (2x - 5)²
= 4x² - 20x + 25
7. 32xy + 40x = 8x(4y + 5) 7. (9x + 2) (9x - 2)
= 81x² - 4
8. 15y + 45xyz = 15y(1 + 3xz) 8. (2x – 5) (x – 4)
= 2x² - 13x + 20
9. 12x – 16 = 4(3x - 4) 9. (3x – 7) (5x + 6)
= 15x² - 17x - 42
10. 60y + 12y² = 12y(5 + y) 10. (2x + 3)²
= 4x² + 12x + 9
5
11. 8x² + 16x = 8x²(1 + 2x³) 11. (4x + 3) (4x - 3)
= 16x² - 9
4 4
12. abc d – a²bc³ = ab(c d - ac³) 12. (2 – x) (2 + x)
= 4 - x²
13. 3xy² - 4xy + xy = xy(3y - 3) 13. (ax + b) (ax – 2b)
= a²x² - axb - 2b²
14. 9a³b² + 3ab = 3ab(3a²b + 1) 14. (½x + ¾)²

4x² + 12x + 9
15. x² + (xy)² = x² + x²y² = 16
= x²(1 + y²)
15. (x + 2)(4x - 9)
= 4x² - x - 18

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 42 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

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5 - Factorise Quadratics and Solving Equations

Factorise these expressions Solve each equation:
1. x² + 5x + 6 = (x + 3)(x + 2) 1. 2x + 6 = x + 3
x = -3
2. x² - 10x + 25 = (x - 5)(x - 5)
2. 3x + 6 = 48
3. 3x² - 30x + 27 = 3(x² - 10x + 9) x = 14
= 3(x - 9)(x - 4)
4. x² + 2x – 8 = (x + 4)(x - 2) 3. 4x – 8 = 5x - 2
x = -6
5. 2x² – 4x – 30 = 2(x² - 2x - 15)
= 2(x - 5)(x + 3) 4. 6x + 7 = 2x + 20
6. x² + 12x + 27 = (x + 9)(x + 3) x = 3.25

7. 2x² + 32x + 128 = 2(x² + 16x + 64) 5. x + 6 = 2x - 8

= 2(x + 8)² x = 14
8. x² + 8x + 16 = (x + 4)²
6. 3(x + 2) = 5(x – 2)
9. 3x² - 24x + 48 = 3(x² - 8x + 16) x=8
= 3(x - 4)²
x
10. x² + 22x – 48 = (x + 24)(x - 2) 7. 4=8-
3
x = 12
11. 5x² - 15x + 10 = 5(x² - 3x + 2)
= 5(x - 2)(x - 1)
x
12. x² – 0.25 = (x + 0.5)(x - 0.5) 8. 3– = -5
3
x = 24
13. 50 – 2x² = 2(5 + x)(5 - x)

14. 3x² + x – 4 = (3x + 4)(x - 1) 9. 5x – 6 = -39

-33
x = -6.6 or
5
15. 10x² - 6 + 11x = (5x - 2)(2x + 3)

x x
10. 2 – = -1 -
2 4
x = 12

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 43 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

 MAHOBE 6 - Practise the Basics of “Expand” and “Factorise”
1. u(u + 1) = u2 + u 31. (x + 1)(x + 6) = x2 + 7x + 6
2. v(v - 6) = v2 - 6v 32. (x + 2)(x + 8) = x2 + 10x + 16
2
3. -w(3w - 2) = -3w + 2w
2
33. (x - 5 )(x + 7) = x2 + 2x - 35
4. x(4x + 5) = 4x + 5x
5. 3y(2y - 3) = 6y2 - 9y 34. (x - 2 )(x + 9) = x2 + 7x - 18

6. -z(-5z + 3) = 5z2 - 3z 35. (x + 4)(x - 5) = x2 - x - 20

7. 3 + 2(x - 8) = 3 + 2x - 16 36. (x + 7)(x - 3) = x2 + 4x - 21
= 2x - 13
37. (x - 10)(x - 15) = x2 - 25x + 150
8. 5(x + 7) - 12 = 5x + 35 - 12
= 5x + 23 38. (x - 8)(x - 11) = x2 - 19x + 88

9. 3(x - 6) + 2(4x - 5) 39. (x + 6)2 = x2 + 12x + 36

= 3x - 18 + 8x - 10 40. (x - 9)2 = x2 - 18x + 81
= 11x - 28
41. (x + 1)2 + 10 = x2 + 2x + 11
10. 4(a + 6) - 2(a - 2)
= 4a + 24 - 2a + 4 42. (x - 5)2 - 20 = x2 - 10x + 5

= 2a + 28 43. x2 + 10x + 21 = (x + 7)(x + 3)

11. 2x(x + 1) - x(7 - x) 44. x2 + x - 12 = (x + 4)(x - 3)
2 2
= 2x + 2x - 7x + x
2
45. x2 - 2x - 15 = (x - 5)(x + 3)
= 3x - 5x
46. x2 - 14x + 40 = (x - 10)(x - 4)
12. x2(x + 1) = x3 + x2
47. x2 + 11x + 30 = (x + 6)(x + 5)
13. ½(4x + 12) = 2x + 6
48. x2 + x - 2 = (x + 2)(x - 1)
14. ¾(12x - 6) = 9x - 4.5
49. x2 - 3x - 10 = (x - 5)(x + 2)
15. 3x(2x2 - 4) = 6x3 - 12x
16. x(x2 + 4) + x(3x + 2) 50. x2 - 4x - 96 = (x - 12)(x + 8)
= x3 + 4x + 3x2 + 2x 51. x2 - 5x - 14 = (x - 7)(x + 2)
= x3 + 3x2 + 6x
52. x2 - 16 = (x - 4)(x + 4)
17. 6x + 24 = 6(x + 4)
53. x2 - 81 = (x - 9)(x + 9)
18. 5x - 25 = 5(x - 5)
19. 11x2 - 66x = 11x(x - 6) 54. (x - 3)2 - 16 = x - 6x + 9 - 16
20. 10x + 25xy = 5x(2 + 5y) = x - 6x - 7
21. 100x + 20y = 20(5x + y)
= (x - 7)(x + 1)
22. 27 - 33x = 3(9 - 11x)
55. x2 + 2x - 15 = (x + 5)(x - 3)
23. 5x2 + x = x(5x + 1)
24. 6a2 + 3a = 3a(2a + 1) 56. x2 - 6x + 8 = (x - 4)(x - 2)
25. 15b2 - 30b = 15b(b - 2) 57. 2x2 - 2x - 220 = 2(x2 - x - 110)
26. 14y2 + 21y = 7y(2y + 3)
= 2(x - 11)(x + 10)
2 2
27. 5 + 5n = 5(1 + n )
58. 4x2 - 100 = 4(x2 - 25)
2
28. 6x + 18xy = 6x(x + 3y)
= 4(x - 5)(x + 5)
29. 2xy - 4ab = 2(xy - 2ab)
30. 3p2 - 9pq = 3p(p - 3q)

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 44 The Algebra Project Answers - Kim Freeman

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7 - Solving Equations
1. Equations 2S = A, P - 2 = S, P = 11
Peter = 11, Sue = 9, Ali = 18
2. 2x + 10 = 42
2x = 32, x = 16
3. equations J = 2 + M, P = 2M, J + M + P = 6
Philip = 2 hours, Mary = 1 hour, John = 3 hours
4. (x) + (x+1) + (x+2) + (x+3) = 114
4x + 6 = 114
x = 27
5. Area = (x + 18)(x - 5) and Perimeter 2(x - 5) + 2(x + 18) = 54
4x + 26 = 54, x = 7
Dimensions are 2cm and 25cm
6. (2x + 1)(2y + 1) = 4xy + 2x + 2y + 1
= 2(2xy + x + y) + 1
It is a multiple of 2 and adding 1 at the end shows it must be odd
7. Consecutive numbers = a-2, a-1, a, a+1, a+2
Summing the numbers together (a-2) + (a-1) + a + (a+1) + (a+2)
= 5a
8. Consecutive numbers = a, a+1, a+2
Square and sum each. = a² + (a+1)² + (a+2)²
= a² + a² + 2a + 1 + a² + 4a + 4
= 3a² + 6a + 5
Subtract 2, divide the result by 3 = 3a² + 6a + 3
= a² + 2a + 1
= (a + 1)²
9. Sung’s birth month equation is: 4x + (12 - x) - 2(5 + x) = 10
Simplifying gives x + 2 = 10 or x = 8
Kim’s birth month is 8 (August)
10. Because the graph is quadratic the highest point will be at the mid way point
between where the water starts and finishes i.e. when x = 25 metres
Therefore 0.5(25) - 0.01(25)2
= 12.5 - 0.01 (625)
= 12.5 - 6.25
= 6.25 metres high

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 45 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

 MAHOBE Published by

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8 - Solving Quadratic Equations

Solve these equations: 17.
2m
1. (x + 3)(x – 2) = 0
x
x = 3, x = 2
2m
2. (x + 0.5)(4x + 6) = 0
x = -0.5, x = -1.5
(x + 4)(x + 4) - x² = 40
3. (2x + 8)(x – 4) = 0
x=3
x = -4, x = 4
18.
4. (4x – 10)(3x + 12) = 0 r
x = 2.5, x = -4
5. (4x – 20)(2x + 2.5) = 0 total circle area = 4πr²

x = 5, x = -1.25 8r × 2r - 4πr² = 14
6. 2x(x – 4) = 10 16r² - 4πr² = 14
x = -1, x = 5 r²(16 - 4π) = 14
7. (4x + 2)(2x – 6) = 0
r = 2.02
x = -½, x = 3
19. ½(2h + 6) × h = 40
8. 3x(2x + 4) = 0
h² + 3h - 40 = 0
x = 0, x = 2
(h + 8)(h - 5) = 0
9. x² + 5x = -6
x = -2, x = -3 h = -8, h = 5

10. (x – 4)(x + 5) = 0 20. Area Front Square + Area Triangle

x = 4, x = -5 = (length)² + (½ × base × height)

11. 5x² – 3x = 0 = x² + ½ . x . ½x
= x² + ¼x²
x = 0.6, x = 0 5
= 4 x²
12. 6x² – 2 = 0 5
Cross Sectional Area (CSA) = 4 x²
x = 0.58, x = -0.58
Volume = CSA × Length
13. 100 – 4x² = 0 5
40 = 4 x² × 4x
x = 5, x - -5
40 = 5x³
14. 2x² – 6x + 4 = 0
8 = x³,
x = 2, x = 1
therefore x = 2 m
15. (x + 3)(x – 2) = 14
x = 4, x = -5
16. 2x² + 5x = -3
2x² + 5x + 3 = 0 (2x + 3)(x + 1) = 0
x = -1.5, x = -1
ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 46 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman
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9 - Algebraic Fractions
Simplify Solve
x-2 x+2 x+2 2x - 1
1. x - 1. - =1
2 2 3 5
x = -2
x 2x - 1 -x + 1
2. -
2 2 2

x² - 3x - 28 3 3 2
3. x - 7 -
x + 4
2. y-4 y+4 = y+1
y = 14, y = -2
2p² - 12pq p - 6q
4. 3p
6p²

x² - 4x - 5 x-5 x 2x - 1 -3x
5. 3. - ≥
x² + 6x + 5 x+5 5 2 5
5
x≤
2
2 a² 1
6.
3a
× 12a 18

2 - 5x
5a a 4. >3
7.
2b
÷ 6b
15 4
x < -2

3ab² - 4a³b + ab² b - a²

8.
4ab² b

4x - 6
3x 2x 29x 5. > 2x + 1
9. + 3
7 5 35 -9
x< 2
9x³ 3x
10.
12x² 4

x² - 5x + 6 6. 6x - 3 ≥ 8x + 9
11. x - 2
x - 3
x ≤ -6

8x² 2x
12.
20x - 12x² 5 - 3x

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 47 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman

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10 - Quadratic Sequences
Give an expression for the nth term. 15.

1. 6, 9, 14, 21, 30 = n² + 5

2. 11, 14, 19, 26, 35 = n² + 10

3. -1, 2, 7, 14, 23 = n² - 2 Slabs = 24, 35, 48, 63, 80

Look at the pattern between the

4. -5, -2, 3, 10, 19 = n² - 6
storeys and the slabs.
5. 4, 10, 18, 28, 40 = n² + 3n
1x3=3, 2x4=8, 3x5=15, 4x6=24,
6. 9, 20, 33, 48, 65 = n² + 8n 5x7=35 therefore
7. 5, 10, 17, 26, 37 = n² + 2n + 2 y = x(x + 2)
8. 3, 3, 5, 9, 15, 23 = n² - 3n + 5 2
y = x + 2x

9. 2, 10, 20, 32, 46, 62 = n² + 5n - 4 Using this formula, 25 storeys

10. -10,-11, -10,-7,-2, 5 = n² - 4n - 7 would need 675 slabs of wood.

16.
11. 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, 48 = n² + 2n
2nd difference = 2 therefore n²
3, 8, 15, 24, 35, 48
n² 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36 Total = Grey + white
difference 2 4 6 8 12 10 n2 = 5n - 6 + white
difference each time = 2 therefore + 2n white = n2 - 5n + 6

12. 1 4 9 16
2 3 4 5 17. Sequence Q = 3, 8, 15, 24, 35

The nth term of the sequence is

Numerator 1, 4, 9, 16 ... n²
n² + kn where k represents a
Denominator 2, 3, 4, 5, ... n + 1
n² number. Find the value of k.
nth term =
n + 1 2
Using term 1, n + kn = 3
13. Block base = 3, 4, 5 n + 2 2
1 +k=3
Block height = 4, 5, 6 n + 3 k=2

Area (n + 2)(n + 3) = n² + 5n + 6

14. Write the nth term for:

a. 5, 12, 21, 32 n² + 4n
b. 3, 9, 17, 27 n² + 3n - 1

ISBN 978-1-877489-31-0 48 The Algebra Project - Kim Freeman