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MATH 2NDQ.pdf

The document provides an overview of synthetic division, detailing the standard form of a polynomial, key concepts such as dividend, divisor, quotient, and remainder, and the steps to perform synthetic division. It also covers polynomial expressions, equations, factors, and theorems related to factoring polynomials, as well as graphing polynomials and their characteristics. Key theorems discussed include the Remainder Theorem, Factor Theorem, and Rational Root Theorem.

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5 views4 pages

MATH 2NDQ.pdf

The document provides an overview of synthetic division, detailing the standard form of a polynomial, key concepts such as dividend, divisor, quotient, and remainder, and the steps to perform synthetic division. It also covers polynomial expressions, equations, factors, and theorems related to factoring polynomials, as well as graphing polynomials and their characteristics. Key theorems discussed include the Remainder Theorem, Factor Theorem, and Rational Root Theorem.

Uploaded by

idkwhyilovecats
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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( everything in this reviewer is taken from the ppts miss sent in the gclass ) - Ren

SYNTHETIC DIVISION -

● STANDARD FORM OF A POLYNOMIAL


- When the terms of the polynomial are written in descending order of their degrees
( highest power of the variable to the lowest power of the variable ), with coefficients
included

PRIMARY CONCEPTS :
● DIVIDEND - the polynomial being divided
● DIVISOR - the polynomial by which the dividend is divided
● QUOTIENT - the result of division
● REMAINDER - the leftover polynomial when the division does not result in a perfect
factorization

● SYNTHETIC DIVISION
- A shortcut method for dividing a polynomial with a linear divisor of the form ( x - c )
- More efficient and quicker than traditional long division
- Eliminates the need to write variables
- Focuses solely on the conefficients of the polynomials

STEPS TO PERFORM SYNTHETIC DIVISION :

STEP 1 :
- Check of the given polynomials if in standard form
- Identify the dividend and divisor

STEP 2 :
- Equate the divisor to 0 to find the inverse value which is the constant, C
- Write down the coefficients

STEP 3 :
- Set up the division

STEP 4 :
- Perform Synthetic Division
- Bring the first coefficient down as-is
- Multiply it by C
- Add the result to the next coefficient
- Repeat this process for all coefficients
STEP 5 :
- Interpret the results
- Subtract the exponent to 1
- The last number is the remainder

REMAINDER THEOREM
- when a polynomial p(x) is divided by (x - a), then the remainder = f(a)

FACTORING POLYNOMIALS :

POLYNOMIAL EXPRESSION
- Can be a monomial or sum of monomials
Ex :
- 3x
- 2x^2 + 7x + 14
- 5x^2 + 5

POLYNOMIAL EQUATION
- Two polynomials are set equal to each other
Ex :
- 2x^2 + 3x + 1 = 0
- 4x - 5 = 3
- 2x^2 + 3x + 1 = 0
FACTORS
- When multiplied, they equal to that polynomial
Ex :
- x^2 + 5x + 6 = (x + 2) (x + 3)
( x + 2 ) and ( x + 3 ) are factors of x^2 + 5x + 6

POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION
- Usually written in function notation or in terms of x and y
Ex :
- f(x) = x^2 - 2x + 6
- x = 2x^2 + 8x - 2

ZEROS
- The solutions to the equation you get when the polynomial equal to zero

FACTOR THEOREM
- If f(c) = 0, then x - c is a factor of f (x)
- If x – c, is a factor of f(x), then f(c) = 0

RATIONAL ROOT THEOREM


- If anxn + an− 1xn − 1 + … + a1x1 + a0 = 0 has integer coefficients and
- p/q is reduced to lowest terms
- p/q is a rational zero of f

- then p is a factor of the constant term, a0


- and q is a factor of the leading coefficient, an

LINEAR FACTORIZATION THEOREM


- where n ≥ 1 and an ≠ 0, then
- Then, f(x) = an = (x-c1) (x-c2)... (x-cn )
- Where c1, c2, . . ., cn are complex numbers
GRAPHING POLYNOMIALS :

X-INTERCEPT
- the point where a graph crosses the x-axis

Y-INTERCEPT
- the point where a graph crosses the y-axis

TURNING POINT
- Where the function transitions from rising to falling (local maximum) or from falling to
rising (local minimum)

DEGREE OF THE POLYNOMIAL


- If the degree is even, the graph behaves similarly on both ends (either both go up or
both go down)
- If the degree is odd, the graph behaves oppositely on both ends (one end goes up, the
other goes down)

LEADING COEFFICIENT
- If the leading coefficient (the coefficient of the highest degree term) is positive, the graph
rises to the right and falls to the left (for even degree) or rises to the left and falls to the
right (for odd degree)
- If the leading coefficient is negative, the graph falls to the right and rises to the left (for
even degree) or falls to the left and rises to the right (for odd degree)

Prepared by : Ren Reyes !!

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