Dr.

/ Ahmed Mohamed Rabie

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 Network media Types

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 3- Fiber Optic

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 3- Fiber Optic

Fiber-optic cable transmits digital signals using light

impulses rather than electricity, it’s immune to EMI
and RFI. Fiber cable allows light impulses to be
carried on either a glass or a plastic core. Glass can
carry the signal a greater distance, but plastic costs
less.

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 3- Fiber Optic

The cable itself comes in either single-mode fiber (SMF)

or multimode fiber (MMF); the difference between
them is in the number of light rays (the number of
signals) they can carry. Multimode fiber is most often
used for shorter-distance applications and single-mode
fiber for spanning longer distances.

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 3- Fiber Optic

Single Mode

Multimode
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 3- Fiber Optic

A whole bunch of different types of connectors are available

to use with fiber-optic cables, but the two most popular are
the straight tip (ST) and the subscriber (or square) connector
(SC).

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 Media Converter

Single-Mode Fiber to Ethernet Multimode Fiber to Ethernet

Fiber to Coaxial
11 Single-Mode to Multimode Fiber
 IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, an
organization dedicated to advancing innovation and
technological excellence for the benefit of humanity, is
the world's largest technical professional society. It is
designed to serve professionals involved in all aspects of
the electrical, electronic, and computing fields and
related areas of science and technology that underlie
modern civilization.
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 The IEEE standards in computer networks ensure communication
between various devices; it also helps to make sure that the
network service, i.e., the Internet and its related technologies,
must follow a set of guidelines and practices so that all the
networking devices can communicate and work smoothly. Since
there are various types of computer system manufacturers, the
IEEE's Computer Society started a project in 1985 called project
802 to enable standard communication between various devices.
The standards that deal with computer networking are called the
IEEE 802 wireless standards.
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 Ethernet is the traditional technology for connecting devices
in a wired local area network (LAN) or wide area network. It
enables devices to communicate with each other via a
protocol, which is a set of rules or common network language.
Ethernet describes how network devices format and transmit
data so other devices on the same LAN or campus network
can recognize, receive and process the information. An
Ethernet cable is the physical, encased wiring over which the
data travels.
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 Network bandwidth is the maximum capacity of a wired
or wireless communications link to deliver data via a network
connection in a given amount of time. Bandwidth is typically
defined as the number of bits, kilobits, megabits, or gigabits
that may be sent in one second. We might use terms like
kilobits per second (Kbps or 1,000 bits per second) or
megabits per second (Mbps or 1,000,000 bits per second)
to describe how many bits can be delivered or received in a
second because the number of bits might be rather enormous.
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 Ethernet bandwidth

Basic Fast Gigabit

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 10BASE-T (Basic) is a shorthand identifier designated
by IEEE. The 10 refers to a maximum transmission speed
of 10 Mbps. BASE refers to baseband signaling, which
means that it can only carry Ethernet signals on the
medium. T refers to twisted as in twisted-pair cabling.

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 Fast Ethernet is the Successor of 10-Base-T Ethernet. It
is more popular than Gigabit Ethernet because its
configuration and implementation are simple. It is faster
than its successors. Its variants are:
• 100Base-T4
• 100Base-Tx
• 100Base-Fx

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 100BASE-T4 is 100 Mbps, BASE denoted use of baseband
transmission, and T4 denotes use of four twisted pair cables
in Fast Ethernet. 100Base-TX utilizes twisted pair copper
cabling specified as Cat5e cables for the ease of data
transmission. 100Base-FX is another type of Fast Ethernet
that is in different cabling which is fiber optic cabling for data
transmission.

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 We design networks and buses to allow communication
between devices. There are 3 types of transmission
modes which are given below:
• Simplex mode
• Half duplex mode
• Full-duplex mode

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 Simplex Mode
In simplex mode, Sender can send the data but the sender
unable receive the data. It is a type of on way
communication in which communication happens in only
one direction. Example of this kind of mode is Keyboard,
Traditional Monitors, etc.

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 Half-duplex Ethernet is defined basically, when
you run half duplex, you’re using only one wire pair
with a digital signal either transmitting or receiving.

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 Full-duplex Ethernet uses two pairs of wires at the
same time instead of one measly wire pair like half
duplex employs. You don’t need to worry about
collisions because now it’s like a freeway

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 These important points:
• There are no collisions in full-duplex mode.
• A dedicated switch port is required for each full-
duplex host.
• The host network card and the switch port must be
capable of operating in full-duplex mode.

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 The cast term here signifies some data(stream of
packets) is being transmitted to the recipient(s) from
the client(s) side over the communication channel
that helps them to communicate.

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 Unicast type of information transfer is useful when there
is a participation of a single sender and a single recipient.
So, in short, you can term it a one-to-one transmission.

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 Broadcasting in computer networks is a type of
communication mechanism that allows the message to be
received by all the nodes of a network.

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 In multicasting, one/more senders and one/more
recipients participate in data transfer traffic. In this
method traffic recline between the boundaries of unicast
(one-to-one) and broadcast (one-to-all).

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