LTSpice_MOSGuide
LTSpice_MOSGuide
of Pennsylvania
Spice
is
the
most
commonly
used
circuit
simulation
tool.
You
can
find
a
brief
overview
of
SPICE
at
the
link:
http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~jan/spice/spice.overview.html.
An
introduction
for
the
SPICE
model
for
MOSFET
is
available
at:
http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~jan/spice/spice.overview.html#MOSFETS.
The
names,
units
and
default
values
of
parameters
in
the
SPICE
model
for
MOSFET
can
be
found
at:
http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~jan/spice/spice.MOSparamlist.html.
To
run
simulations
of
MOSFETs
we
need
to
at
least
set
the
values
of
parameters
L
(channel
length),
W
(channel
width),
VT0
(zero-‐bias
threshold
voltage),
KP
(transconductance,
μn/pCox),
and
LAMBDA
(channel-‐length
modulation
coefficient,
λ).
In LT Spice, these parameters can be specified by inserting the model into the schematic. Go to “Edit” on
the
menu
bar
and
choose
“Spice
Directive”,
or
just
click
the
button.
In
the
pop-‐up
window,
type-‐in
“.MODEL
TestN
NMOS
(KP=90u
VT0=0.7
LAMBDA=0.01)”
in
the
dialogue
box
to
set
KP,
VT0,
and
LAMBDA
of
the
NMOS
transistor
that
we
will
use
for
this
tutorial
(as
shown
in
Fig.
1).
Click
“OK”
and
place
the
model
sentence
onto
the
schematic.
And
similarly,
create
another
model
for
PMOS
a
transistor
by
type
in
“.MODEL
TestP
PMOS
(KP=40u
VT0=-‐0.7
LAMBDA=0.01)”.
Notice
that
TestN
and
TestP
are
the
model
names
and
can
be
any
name
you
give
to
the
transistor
model.
The
other
names
or
variables
in
the
.MODEL
are
standard
and
cannot
be
renamed.
1
The
MOSFET
we
need
to
use
in
our
simulation
should
be
“nmos4”
and
“pmos4”.
In
our
tutorial,
we
just
use
NMOS4
for
a
demonstration.
Insert
the
components,
make
connections,
and
name
the
input
and
output
nets
as
shown
in
Fig.
4.
2
Then we need to set the values of each component.
First,
we
set
the
NMOS
transistor.
Hold
the
“Ctrl”
key
and
right-‐click
on
the
NMOS
symbol,
then
the
“Component
Attribute
Editor”
window
will
pop-‐up.
Double
click
on
the
value
of
“SpiceModel”
and
type
in
the
name
of
our
self-‐defined
NMOS
transistor,
“TestN”
(as
shown
Fig.
5).
Click
“OK”
to
confirm.
Then,
WITHOUT
holding
the
“Ctrl”
key,
right
click
on
the
NMOS
model.
In
the
pop-‐up
window,
input
the
Length
(L)
and
Width
(W)
values
as
L=10u
and
W=100u
(as
shown
Fig.
6).
Note
that
the
bottom
dialogue
box
shows
“TestN
l=10u
w=100u”,
which
means
we
have
successfully
set
the
NMOS
model
to
our
self-‐
defined
model,
TestN
and
we
have
set
the
channel
length
and
width
to
10um
and
100um,
respectively.
After
that,
set
the
resistor
R1
to
1kΩ,
the
capacitor
C
to
1uF,
and
the
DC
supply
voltage
V1
to
10V.
At
last,
we
need
to
set
the
input
voltage
source
as
shown
in
Fig.
7.
3
Fig. 6 Setup the channel length and width for the NMOS transistor
4
After setting all the values, the schematic should look like in Fig. 8.
Finally,
we
can
move
on
to
simulations.
We
can
first
do
a
DC
operating
point
simulation
by
selecting
“DC
op
pnt”
option
in
the
“Edit
Simulation
Command”
window
(as
shown
in
Fig.
9).
Place
the
simulation
sentence
on
the
schematic.
Run
the
simulation
and
we
can
get
a
pop-‐up
window
showing
the
DC
operating
point
of
all
devices
on
the
schematic
(Fig.
10).
We
can
read
that
Id
of
the
NMOS
transistor
M1
is
2.56mA,
the
gate
voltage
Vin
=
3V,
and
the
drain-‐to-‐source
voltage
Vds
=
Vout
=
7.44V.
This
simulation
result
can
be
verified
to
be
the
same
as
hand
calculations.
1 𝑊 !
1 𝑊 !
𝐼! = 𝜇! 𝐶!" 𝑉!" − 𝑉! 1 + 𝜆 ∙ 𝑉!" = 𝐾𝑃 𝑉!" − 𝑉!! 1 + 𝐿𝐴𝑀𝐵𝐷𝐴 ∙ 𝑉!"#
2 𝐿 2 𝐿
1 100𝑢
= ×90𝑢× × 3 − 0.7 ! × 1 + 0.01×7.44 = 2.6𝑚𝐴
2 10𝑢
5
6
Then
we
can
try
to
run
AC
simulation
to
see
the
frequency
response
of
the
gain
of
the
(common-‐source
amplifier)
circuit
we
built.
Set
the
“start
frequency”
of
the
AC
analysis
to
0.1Hz
and
the
“stop
frequency”
to
1
Mega
Hz.
Run
the
simulation
and
plot
“VOUT”.
The
plot
might
come
up
with
black
background
color.
We
can
change
the
background
color
of
the
plot
by
going
to
“Tools”
on
the
menu
bar
and
choosing
“Color
Preferences”.
Choose
the
“WaveForm”
page
on
the
pop-‐up
window.
Select
“Background”
in
the
pull-‐down
menu.
We
can
set
the
background
color
to
WHITE
by
setting
all
the
three
colors
to
255
(Fig.
11).
You
can
also
change
colors
of
the
plotting
traces
as
you
want
here.
We
can
also
change
the
thickness
of
the
plotted
traces
by
going
to
“Tools”
and
choosing
“Control
Panel”.
Check
the
“Plot
data
with
thick
lines”
option
in
the
“Waveforms”
page
in
the
pop-‐up
window
(Fig.
12).
So
the
final
plot
should
be
like
Fig.
13.
7
8
At
last,
we
can
run
a
transient
simulation
to
see
the
temporal
signals
in
our
circuit.
Set
the
“stop
time”
to
1
second
and
run
the
simulation.
Then
we
can
plot
both
the
input
and
output
signals
on
the
same
graph
(Fig.
14).
9
10