ELECTRICAL SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT (SBA)

Candidate: Christopher Davis

Center Number:
School: Ewarton High School
Territory: Jamaica
Teacher: Mr. Lucas
Year: 2024
 Exercise 1

Problem Statement

The Electrical technology students at Top Hill High School were invited to participate in a
competition at the local power company in the accurate use of the multimeter and knowledge of basic
electrical principles. The students were placed in groups and asked to design a test project that will
enable them to perform well in the competition based on the terms and conditions given.
 Project Design

1. Draw a series circuit to include 5 resistors (5 Ω, 10 Ω, 15 Ω, 23 Ω, and 32 Ω) a 110 Volts

source and a switch/control). Set-up and Testing

Characteristic of a series circuit

1. Current Flow only in one direction
2. Current is the same in all parts of the circuit
3. Total resistance is the sum of the individual resistance values
4. Voltage shares in a series circuit
2. Calculate and record the following:
 The total circuit resistance
 The total circuit Voltage
 The total circuit Current
 The Voltage across each resistor
 The current flowing through each resistor

Find:
RT= R1 +R2+R3+R4+R5
RT =85. (5Ω+10Ω+15Ω+23Ω+32Ω=85Ω)

● IT=VT/RT (110v ÷ 85Ω=1.29A)

I1 - 1.29A
I2 - 1.29A
I3- 1.29A
I4- 1.29A
I5- 1.29A

● V1=I1xR1 (1.29×5=6.45v)
● V2=I2xR2 (1.29×10=12.9v)
● V3=I3xR3 (1.29×15=19.3v)
● V4=I4xR4 (1.29×23=29.693v)
● V5=I5xR5 (1.29×32=41.312v)

V1 =6.45v
V2 =12.9v
V3 =19.3v
V4 =29.693v
V5 =41.312v

● PT=I2xR (1.29×110=141.9w)
●P1=I2xR (1.29×6.45=8.321w)
● P2=I2xR (1.29×12.9=16.641w)
● P3=I2xR (1.29×19.3=24.89w)
● P4=I2xR (1.29×29.693=38.30w)
● P5=I2xR (1.29×41.312=53.29w)

PT=141.9w
P1 =8.321w
P2=16.641w
P3=24.89w
P4 =38.30w
P5 =53.29W
3. Construct the circuit using the same values for the resistors and source.

The same value of source 1.29 v and the values of the different resistor was use to construct the
circuit.

4. Use a multimeter to measure, and record the values for the following:
 The current flowing through each resistor
 The voltage across each resistor

Tool List
Cutting pliers
Wire stripper
Solder iron (30w)
Power supply

Material List
circuit board
Resistors
Solder wire
Hook-upphasee
Single Pole switch SPST

CURRENT (I) Calculated Measured Values Remarks

Values
IR1 1.29 1.293
IR2 1.29 1.293
IR3 1.29 1.293
IR4 1.29 1.293
IR5 1.29 1.293
VOLTAGE (V) 110 110
VR1 6.45 6.45
VR2 12.9 12.93
VR3 19.3 19.38
VR4 29.693 29.73
VR5 41.312 41.36

5. Compare and explain the results for the calculated values and the measured values.
The results show that the current is constant through the circuit as it passes through different series
of resistor were the calculated and measure values are the same.

b. For the circuit drawn in 2, insert the symbols representing a voltmeter, an ammeter and an
ohmmeter.

Observations
  All results are accurately recorded and placed in their required space in the table; the current
remains constant through the circuit. The results of the calculated values were simple to two
decimals point for the resistor, as the current expanded to three decimals point, though the
values are the same.

Presentation
 The calculation and measuring of a series circuit containing 5 resistors were conducted and
the values were compared.

Conclusion
 In concluding this activity, the current always remains the same through the circuit; but to
determine the value of the voltage for the resistors a calculation between the current and
resistor has to be done so the values could be accurate to put in the table.

CALCULATIONS
Correct formula used to calculate electrical
quantities
Values correctly substituted to calculate
electrical quantities
Values correctly calculated for the electrical
quantities
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
Candidates are appropriately attired in safety
gears
OH&S requirements for task and workplace
environment adhered to
Worksite cleared of debris and unused
materials
PROCESS
Tools and equipment selected consistent
with job requirements
Tools checked for faults and are in good
working condition
Drawing accurately interpreted

Exercise 2
 Symbols and Notations
A system of using symbols or signs as a form of communication, or a short-written note.
 Line and Block Representations Electrical One-Line or Single-Line Diagram
An electrical one-line diagram is a representation of a complicated electrical distribution system into a
simplified description using a single line, which represents the conductors, to connect the
components.
A block diagram is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are represented by
blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks. They are heavily used in
engineering hardware design, electronic design, software design, and process flow diagrams.
 Schematic Diagrams and Electrical Installation Drawings
Schematic Diagram
 A schematic shows the plan and function for an electrical circuit but is not concerned with
the physical layout of the wires. Wiring diagrams show how the wires are connected and
where they should locate in the actual device, as well as the physical connections between all
the components.
Electrical drawings, sometimes referred to as wiring diagrams, are a type of technical drawing that
provides visual representation describing electrical systems or circuits. They are used to explain the
design to electricians or other workers who will use them to help install or repair electrical systems.
Working Drawings
An electrical drawing is a type of technical drawing that shows information about power, lighting, and
communication for an engineering or architectural project. Any electrical working drawing consists of
"lines, symbols, dimensions, and notations to accurately convey an engineering's design to the
workers, who install the electrical system on the job". A complete set of working drawings for the
average electrical system in large projects usually consists of:
 A plot plan showing the building's location and outside electrical wiring
 Floor plans showing the location of electrical systems on every floor
 Power-riser diagrams showing panel boards
 Control wiring diagrams.
 Electrical drafters prepare wiring and layout diagrams used by workers who erect, install, and
repair electrical equipment and wiring in communication centers, power plants, electrical
distribution systems, and buildings.
 Electrical Install Diagram

This diagram is use to indicate how and where electricity will in installed in the house were a label
diagram is also use to identify the different symbol use for a better understanding.
 Exercise 3
Single phase 3 wire used to control a 3 point with 1 light, I single pole switch controlling 2 light
double pole switch for 220 light, photocell and relay controlling 2 lights, 110 and 220 outlet 1 buzzer
circuit.
 Objectives
Candidate will be required to
• Identify the various components that make up the circuit
Construct a circuited to control different lighting modes from a different position
• Distinguish between the various controls and their operations
• Adhere to the codes/regulation or standard specifications with regard to the type of
Installation being done
• Analyze the operation of the fluorescent circuit
To be able to connect a photocell to control the lighting with a relay
• To be able to connect a buzzer circuit
• To be able to connect a 110 and 220 plug outlet
To be able to connect a 220 lighting
Labeled Diagram
 Wired Diagram

Active Circuit

Active light Circuit

Material and Tool listings
 220 plug outlets
 2)110 plug outlet
 2.5 single wire core Red, Black, and Green
 6mm single core for the main conductor
 1.5 single core (Lighting)
 Meter box (single phase 4 jaw meter)
 10/2 v buzzer
 2 fluorescent circuit
 2.5 Tower clips
 Fluorescent lamp (110 and 220)
 Pot head (¾ inch pot head)
 Intermediate switch
 4 Lamp receptacles
 120/110-12-10 Transformer
 110 Relay and Base
 Photocell
 Galvanized handy box
 Breaker box
 2-way switch
 Compiling
 panel (single phase 8-way distribution)
 Sidle 25mm, 20mm, 32mm
 Conduct (25mm, 20mm, 32mm)
 Dry well screen (4 dozen half-inch, 4 dozen 1-inch)
 Octagonal box
 Junction box
 Bonding Nipple
  Wire nut 2 dozen

Tools

 Wire stripper
 Screwdriver
 Plier
 Drill
 Electrical tape

Procedures

1. Install conduit/ boxes to accommodate fixtures.

2. Install PVC trucking to accommodate wires for socket outlets.

3. Lay sheathed cables for the lighting circuit

4. Install fluorescent circuit on project board

5. With the aid of the circuit diagram, make the appropriate connection. 6. Test for continuity, polarity
and earthling in the circuit.

7. Test for the correct connection to this supply system.

 Questions

● Which of the lamps lit when the photocell was covered?

Lamp B lit when the photocell was covered

● Did both lamps light up simultaneously at any time?

At no time lamp A and B lit simultaneously or at the same time.

● How will a faulty relay coil an affect the circuit?

A faulty relay coil will make lamp A remain lit.
● How would a faulty photocell be detected?
A faulty photocell can be detected by placing your hand over the sensor to see if it switches from
lamp a to lamp b, if it's not switching from lamp A to B the photocell is terrible.

● What would be the effect on the circuit should the starter be taken out after the lamp has
started?

No effect would take place if the starter is no, after the lamp is started the lamp will remain
lit

● If the single pole switch in figure I is reconnected to become a master switch, should
there be any alteration within a circuit? State the main reason for your answer?
There should be no major alteration.

● With reference to figure I or page s, where would such a circuit usually be used?

This type of circuit would be installed, in a long corridor and on stairways.

● What effect would occur if the intermediate switch, s3 were replaced by a double-pole
switch?

The double pole switch would not work.

● Should L1 become open-circuited, how would the rest of the circuit be affected?

L1 would not affect the rest of the circuit.

Observation

L1 and L2 switch on when the single pole switch is in the ON position, when L1 was
turned into open-circuited, the rest of the circuit was not affected.

When s2 is turned ON the fluorescent light is lit when s3 is in the off position the fluorescent
light turns off, when s4 is in the ON position the fluorescent turns ON when s2 return in the
off position the fluorescent light turns off

When the relay switch is in the ON position lamp A turns on and when the photocell
was covered lamp A went out and lamp B is lit. When the cover was removed from the
photocell lamp A comes lit again and Lamp B went out

When the photocell was bad lamp B lit, when the bad photocell was removed lamp B
went, and Lamp A lit.

When the relay Cole is bad and the photocell is covered the relay, Cole start to vibrate
and does not switch from lamp A
 Conclusion

It can be determined that current can be connected to operate in ways depending on what you what
from them. It can be used in the switch to be a master switch and the intermediate switch s3 can be
replaced with a double pole switch. Even the starter can be taken out (after the lamp) was started and
used to start another lamp, (fluorescent lamps only).
 Exercise 4

Objective
The candidate will be required to

● Identify common electrical symbols used in motor-controlled diagrams

● Connect the starter that connects the stop/start station.

● Describe the basic operation of the controlled circuit and the power circuit for magnetic
three phase starters and connect circuitry
 Procedure

 Connect single stop/start push-button control circuit with three-phase mage e tic
starter ace cording to the schematic diagram.

 Check the connection before connecting supply.

 Check for proper operation of stop/start Stratton and starter.

 Disconnect the supply.

 Questions

 What type of overload device is incorporated in the starter used?

The type of overload device incorporated in the used is the thermal heater device.

 Name two other types of overload devices used in motor starters.

Two types of overload devices used in motor starts are overload relays and eutectic
alloy switch.

 What factor should be taken into account when selecting/setting overload devices for
starters?
1. The maximum load current for the motor

 Make a sketch of the control circuit, modified to be used with a 2-wire control device
such as a high water-level switch for a storage lank pup.

Observation
The control component was step down because number one the cost of the components would be
outrageous and also difficulty to work on and troubleshoot. The stop button is a momentary device
that is normally stay in its shelf state and only move if you manipulate it and stay in that position;
the same can be said for the start button but opposite to the start shelf. This a series circuit we
current is flowing in one direction were the stop button can open a path to stop the current the
magnetic field the armature actuates opens the ceiling contacts and when the stop button is release
current building up back and passes through. This circuit employs a direct online approach where it
applies the full line voltage across the motor terminals; there is an overload heater that is used to
protect the motor in case of circuit and power surges.
 Conclusion

Motor control circuits are used widely in most processes within and outside the commercial
and industrial scene. It is used to pump water over long distances or to increase the pressure
to push the water over hilly locations. It is used in distribution systems from the building of
cars to the packaging of juices, and the starting and stopping of heavy-duty machines and
equipment. This circuit employs a direct online approach where it applies the full line
voltage across the motor terminals; there is an overload heater that is used to protect the
motor in case of circuit and power surges. The stop-start circuit provides a simplistic way to
start the motor, Jog, or stop it. Jogging is used to check and see the direction of a motor in
forward and reverse circuits, this is momentarily starting the motor for only a second and it
shuts down immediately after. From the practical, I was fully educated that there are two
parts to the circuit: a power side and a control side. The power side is where the motor
through the contactor receives the single-phase 110V/220V or a three phase 220V from the
source while the control side tells the motor what to do, start, stop or Jog .
 Exercise 5

Objective

 Determine analytically the effects of a load on the voltage relationship in a recessive

voltage-divider circuit.

 confirm experimentally the results of (i) above.

 Procedures

 Connect the circuit as shown in figure 2.

 Maintain a constant 10 volt from the power supply throughout the test.

 With a load current IL of (load resistor r open circuit) measure and insert in table 1 the values
of I Vab and Vbc

 Close the load circuit and adjust the load resistor to give a load current of 2 Ma

 Record the value of IL, Vbc and Vab.

 Measure the resistance of RL.

 Repeat procedure 5 and 4 for values of load current 3 Ma and 6 Ma 28

 Measured Valued

V IL LOAD I1 mA Vbc Volts Vab Volts RL Ohms

Step 1 10 0 1.694 mA 2.040 v 7.960 v 0

Step 2 10 2 1.288 mA 3.948 v 6.051 v 6.054 Ω

Step 3 10 3 4.084 mA 4.902 v 5.098 v 3.399 Ω

Step 4 10 4 881.7 mA 8.856 v 4.144 v 2.072 Ω

Step 5 10 5 5.009 mA 676.7 v 3.181 v 1.26999 Ω

Step 6 10 6 475.5 mA 7.764 v 2.235 v 6.478 Ω

 Questions

1. Explain how the word current varies with the Load resistance.

The load current in step 1 shows that when the I1 current is 0 the

resistor was 0, although in step 2 it reveals that when the current

was 2 the resistor was 6.054 thus, whenever the current is low the

resistor appears to be high.

2. What is the effect on L1 as the loan current IL increases?

When I1 increases in step 2 it reveals that I1 has a 1.288mA,

while in step 4 it shows that I1 volt increases to 8.817. This

concludes that the increase of I1 that I1 value is undetermined

due to high and low results.

3.

Explain the effect of VAB and vbc at the divider tops as the load current
increases.
As the load current increases the Vbc voltage increases, while

the Vab load decreases.

4. At step 6 if R2 is open circuited what would be the effect on the voltage of RL

The opening R2 has a circuit, that once the R2 open RL change from 0.745koms

Observation

A number of measures as done to determine the correct measurement for the table,
whenever there is an open resistor the resistor will change value. The increased in current
result in the increase of Vbc and a Decrease in Vab. Ohm’s Law is a formula used to
calculate the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit;
it’s also directly proportional between 2 points to the voltage across the 2 points.

conclusion
To conclude, having accurate calculation is very important in carry out this task to get the correct
measurement.