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Classification_of_Soils_in_India_signed

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the various types of soils found in India, including Alluvial, Black, Red and Yellow, Laterite, Arid, and Forest soils, each characterized by their unique formation processes and properties. It highlights the importance of soil composition and climatic conditions on fertility and agricultural productivity. The conclusion emphasizes the need for proper soil conservation and management to enhance agricultural output.

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6 views

Classification_of_Soils_in_India_signed

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the various types of soils found in India, including Alluvial, Black, Red and Yellow, Laterite, Arid, and Forest soils, each characterized by their unique formation processes and properties. It highlights the importance of soil composition and climatic conditions on fertility and agricultural productivity. The conclusion emphasizes the need for proper soil conservation and management to enhance agricultural output.

Uploaded by

ainainwani7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Classification of Soils in India

A detailed study on different types of


soils found in India
Introduction
• Soil formation depends on various factors
such as climate, relief, and vegetation. India
has a diverse range of soils classified based on
physical and chemical properties.
Alluvial Soil
• • Most widespread and important soil in India.
• • Found in northern plains, Rajasthan, Gujarat,
and river deltas.
• • Deposited by rivers - Indus, Ganga,
Brahmaputra.
• • Rich in potash and lime, ideal for crops like
wheat, paddy, and sugarcane.
• • Classified into Bangar (old alluvial) and
Khadar (new alluvial).
Black Soil
• • Also known as Regur soil or Black Cotton
Soil.
• • Found in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh,
Gujarat, Chhattisgarh.
• • Formed from lava deposits in the Deccan
Plateau.
• • Retains moisture well, rich in calcium
carbonate, magnesium, potash, but poor in
phosphoric content.
• • Develops deep cracks in dry seasons,
Red and Yellow Soil
• • Found in Odisha, Chhattisgarh, southern
parts of Ganga plain, and Western Ghats.
• • Develops in low rainfall areas on crystalline
igneous rocks.
• • Reddish due to iron diffusion; appears
yellow in hydrated form.
Laterite Soil
• • Derived from the Latin word 'later' meaning
brick.
• • Found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu,
Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal, and
Northeast.
• • Formed due to intense leaching in tropical
climates.
• • Acidic (pH<6.0), nutrient-deficient, and used
for growing tea and coffee.
Arid Soil
• • Found in Rajasthan and other arid regions.
• • Red to brown in color, saline in nature.
• • Lacks moisture and humus due to dry
climate and high evaporation.
• • Contains Kankar layers that restrict water
infiltration.
• • Becomes cultivable after irrigation.
Forest Soil
• • Found in hilly and mountainous regions with
dense forests.
• • Texture varies from loamy and silty in valleys
to coarse in upper slopes.
• • In Himalayas, soil is acidic with low humus
content due to denudation.
• • Fertile in lower valley regions and alluvial
fans.
Conclusion
• • India has a diverse range of soils, each with
unique characteristics.
• • Soil fertility depends on composition and
climatic conditions.
• • Proper conservation and management can
enhance productivity.

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