Digital transformation 4.

0: analysis of the main robotic process automation

(RPA) tools

Transformação digital 4.0: análise das principais ferramentas de automação

robótica de processos (RPA)

Transformación digital 4.0: análisis de las principales herramientas de

automatización robótica de procesos (RPA)

DOI: 10.55905/revconv.18n.1-106

Originals received: 12/2/2024

Acceptance for publication: 12/25/2024

Isabela Dambiski Gomes de Carvalho

Master in Health Technology
Institution: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná
Address: Curitiba – Paraná, Brazil
E-mail: [email protected]
Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1002-5290

Bruno de Oliveira Maciel

Undergraduate Student in Systems Analysis and Development
Institution: Centro Universitário Internacional
Address: Curitiba – Paraná, Brazil
E-mail: [email protected]
Orcid: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9697-3918

Kassyane Nunes da Silva

Undergraduate Student in Information Technology Management
Institution: Centro Universitário Internacional
Address: Curitiba – Paraná, Brazil
E-mail: [email protected]
Orcid: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9455-8073

Alberjan de Jesus Jean Pinto

Master in Production Engineering
Institution: Universidade Federal do Amazonas
Address: Manaus – Amazonas, Brazil
E-mail: [email protected]
Orcid: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2345-5765

Contribuciones a Las Ciencias Sociales, São José dos Pinhais, v.18, n.1, p. 01-16, 2025 1
 Orlando Renato Brenner Lantmann
Postgraduate in Software Engineering
Institution: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná
Address: Curitiba – Paraná, Brazil
E-mail: [email protected]
Orcid: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7357-0607

Hélio Gomes de Carvalho

Doctor in Production Engineering
Institution: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Address: Florianópolis – Santa Catarina, Brazil
E-mail: [email protected]
Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0436-4966

Gustavo Dambiski Gomes de Carvalho

Doctor in Production Engineering
Institution: Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Address: Ponta Grossa – Paraná, Brazil
E-mail: [email protected]
Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4947-8422

ABSTRACT
In the context of Digital Transformation and Industry 4.0, various enabling technologies stand
out, with RPA (Robotic Process Automation) being one of them. This article aims to analyze
Robotic Process Automation (RPA) tools based on Gartner's Magic Quadrant. Tools such as
Automation Anywhere, Microsoft Power Automate, NICE, SS&C Blue Prism, and UiPath are
compared in terms of usability, cost, and features. Free alternatives like BotCity, OpenRPA, and
Python Auto GUI are also discussed. Regarding the results, a summary table is presented,
highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each RPA tool. Overall, UiPath stands out among
the paid options for its comprehensive set of features, ease of use, and community support, while
OpenRPA is a robust free alternative with diverse functionalities and a user-friendly interface.
Other free tools with potential include BotCity and Python Auto GUI, which utilize the Python
programming language. Future research is recommended to explore RPA along with other
enabling technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence.

Keywords: robotic process automation, RPA, automation tools, gartner, robotic process
automation.

RESUMO
No contexto da Transformação Digital e Indústria 4.0, diferentes tecnologias habilitadoras se
destacam, sendo uma dessas tecnologias o RPA (Automação Robótica de Processos). Este artigo
tem como objetivo analisar ferramentas de Automação Robótica de Processos (RPA) com base
no Quadrante Mágico da Gartner. Ferramentas como Automation Anywhere, Microsoft Power
Automate, NICE, SS&C Blue Prism e UiPath são comparadas em usabilidade, custo e
funcionalidades. Alternativas gratuitas como BotCity, OpenRPA e Python Auto GUI também
são discutidas. Em relação aos resultados, um quadro resumo é apresentado com os pontos
positivos e negativos de cada ferramenta de RPA. De forma geral, UiPath se destaca entre as

Contribuciones a Las Ciencias Sociales, São José dos Pinhais, v.18, n.1, p. 01-16, 2025 2
opções pagas pelo compreensivo conjunto de funcionalidades, facilidade de uso e suporte da
comunidade, enquanto OpenRPA é uma robusta alternativa gratuita com diversas
funcionalidades e interface amigável. Outras ferramentas gratuitas com potencial são BotCity e
Python Auto GUI, as quais utilizam a linguagem de programação Python. Pesquisas futuras
recomendadas incluem a exploração do RPA com outras tecnologias habilitadoras, como a
Inteligência Artificial.

Palavras-chave: automação robótica de processos, RPA, ferramentas de automação, gartner,

robotic process automation.

RESUMEN
En el contexto de la Transformación Digital e Industria 4.0, destacan varias tecnologías
habilitadoras, siendo el RPA (Automatización Robótica de Procesos) una de ellas. Este artículo
tiene como objetivo analizar herramientas de Automatización Robótica de Procesos (RPA)
basándose en el Cuadrante Mágico de Gartner. Herramientas como Automation Anywhere,
Microsoft Power Automate, NICE, SS&C Blue Prism y UiPath se comparan en términos de
usabilidad, costo y funcionalidades. También se discuten alternativas gratuitas como BotCity,
OpenRPA y Python Auto GUI. En cuanto a los resultados, se presenta un cuadro resumen que
destaca los puntos fuertes y débiles de cada herramienta de RPA. En general, UiPath se destaca
entre las opciones de pago por su conjunto integral de funcionalidades, facilidad de uso y apoyo
de la comunidad, mientras que OpenRPA es una alternativa gratuita robusta con diversas
funcionalidades y una interfaz amigable. Otras herramientas gratuitas con potencial incluyen
BotCity y Python Auto GUI, que utilizan el lenguaje de programación Python. Se recomienda
que futuras investigaciones exploren el RPA junto con otras tecnologías habilitadoras, como la
Inteligencia Artificial.

Palabras clave: automatización robótica de procesos, RPA, gartner, uipath, openrpa, python
auto GUI.

1 INTRODUCTION

Digital Transformation 4.0 is a topic that has attracted the attention of both theoretical
and practical experts, mainly due to its high potential for innovation (Machado; Schroeder;
Carvalho, 2022; Carvalho, 2024). The term 4.0 originates from the expression Industry 4.0, also
known as the fourth industrial revolution.
A definition of Digital Transformation 4.0 is provided by the International Software
Technology Center (CITS, 2023, loc. 1): “It is the continuous process of organizations (in
commerce, industry, or services) to integrate enabling technologies across all areas through
fundamental changes in strategy, leadership, structure, people, processes, culture, and digital

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business, with the aim of supporting decision-making based on data, reducing waste, and adding
value to their customers and society” (CITS, 2023, loc. 1; Silva et al., 2024).
The term Industry 4.0 was originally coined in Germany and primarily related to various
enabling technologies with the potential to generate multiple benefits for industries, such as
productivity, quality, agility, customization, and more (Kagermann, Lukas, Wahlster, 2011;
Schumacher; Erol; Sihn, 2016). The various 4.0 enabling technologies include: Internet of
Things, Big Data, 3D Printing (additive manufacturing), Cloud Computing, Sensors and
Actuators, New Materials, Simulation Systems, Machine-to-Machine Connection Systems,
Communication Infrastructure, Hybrid Manufacturing, Advanced Robotics, and, more recently,
Artificial Intelligence (CNI, 2017; Carvalho, 2023; Maciel et al., 2024a, 2024b; Resende et al.,
2024).
Considering these 4.0 enabling technologies, this work focuses specifically on the context
of advanced robotic process automation. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is defined,
according to Gartner (2023, loc. 1), as: “software to automate tasks in business and IT processes
through software scripts that emulate human interaction with the application’s user interface.”
Thus, according to Gartner (2023), a manual task can be programmed into a software
script using RPA. It is possible for the users themselves to develop the script by programming it
or using graphical interfaces that are low code (little code) or no code (no code) from different
existing RPA platforms, in addition to the possibility of the script being implemented and
executed at different execution times.
According to TOTVS (2023), RPA technology can be used to optimize most processes,
regardless of the business segment. This technology allows it to be applied in various areas. Thus,
automation enables employees to focus more on strategic activities that improve productivity and
results, instead of performing repetitive tasks.
The work of Syed et al. (2020) reviewed the literature on RPA, covering 6 research
questions, from the definition of RPA, the benefits for organizations, readiness, potential,
methodology, to current and future technologies for RPA. The authors identified that RPA
definitions include common aspects such as the use of software robots (bots) to replace human
tasks in business processes and the use of front-end systems (the software layer closest to users).
However, some definitions diverged on the nature of automations, whether based on pre-
programmed rules for repetitive tasks or based on data for complex and flexible tasks. Regarding

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the main RPA solution providers in the market addressed in the reviewed articles, Blue Prism,
UiPath, and Automation Anywhere stood out.
Van der Aalst, Bichler, and Heinzl (2018, p. 269, free translation) describe that: “RPA is
an umbrella term for tools that operate on the user interface of other computer systems in the
same way a human would. RPA aims to replace people with automation done ‘outside in.’ This
differs from the classical ‘inside out’ approach to improving information systems. Unlike
traditional workflow technology, the information system remains unchanged.”
According to Gartner (2022, loc. 1), “by 2024, organizations will save 30% of current
operational costs simply through the adoption of automation and redesign of operational
processes.”
Gartner is an IT company, which according to TOTVS (2023, loc. 1), is “one of the
leading market and global technology trend consultancies,” as Gartner (2023) has market studies
that expose the impacts of new technologies in the corporate world. The most “famous” of these
is the Cool Vendors. This study presents corporations that have stood out for their use of
innovative technologies, and it includes a section known as the Magic Quadrant, which
categorizes companies into different groups:
a) leaders: includes the top corporations in the market, which are using the most current
technologies and are well positioned for the future;
b) challengers: includes companies that perform well today or have the potential to dominate
a large segment. However, they do not fully understand the dynamics of the market they
are in;
c) niche players: combines organizations that focus on a small segment but do not innovate
or outperform others;
d) visionaries: includes companies that understand the direction of other companies in the
same industry or have a vision to transform market rules, but have not yet executed as
well as the leaders.
According to Navita (2022), through the analysis of the Magic Quadrant (Figure 1), it is
possible to evaluate and weigh categories in a personalized way with the focus on receiving
appropriate information for the company's needs. The observation over time of the set of magic
quadrants also provides a historical perspective of technology providers, with their evolution
over the years, where it is possible to observe trends and technological innovations.

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 Figure 1. Magic Quadrant.

Font: Gartner, 2022.

In this work, the Magic Quadrant is used as the foundation for the main RPA tools that
exist and widely used in practice by companies. Additionally, popular free tools have also been
included for analysis. Thus, the objective of this work is to analyze the main Robotic Process
Automation (RPA) tools.

2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This study is primarily based on the Gartner Magic Quadrant to identify and analyze the
main RPA tools from major software providers. Additionally, three free RPA tools were also
included in the scope of the analysis. The research included diverse sources, such as scientific
articles available on Google Scholar, books, specialized websites, blogs, and official
documentation of the tools.
Thus, using the Gartner diagram from 2023, it is possible to observe that the main tools
are located in the "Leaders" quadrant in Figure 2.

Contribuciones a Las Ciencias Sociales, São José dos Pinhais, v.18, n.1, p. 01-16, 2025 6
 Figure 2. Magic Quadrant for RPA.

Font: UI PATH, 2023.

The RPA tools from companies that are in the main "Leaders" quadrant are (in
alphabetical order):
e) Automation Anywhere;
f) Microsoft;
g) NICE;
h) SS&C Blue Prism;
i) UiPath;
j) Additionally, three popular free tools were also included for analysis:
k) BotCity;
l) OpenRPA;
m) Python Auto GUI;
These tools were reviewed and analyzed in terms of usability, cost, features, among other
aspects. The results were consolidated into a table of strengths and weaknesses for each tool.

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3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

First, the five RPA tools provided by major companies are analyzed and discussed:
Automation Anywhere, Microsoft, NICE, SS&C Blue Prism, and UiPath. Then, the three free
RPA tools are addressed: BotCity, OpenRPA, and Python Auto GUI.
According to Gartner (2023), Automation Anywhere is expanding beyond the basic
capabilities of robotic process automation, as the company has a strong focus on innovation and
has developed intuitive features for its platform.
According to CX Today (2022), Automation Anywhere has two types of platforms, one
paid and one free. The Enterprise platform (paid version), for companies, offers various resources
such as artificial intelligence (AI) with the IQ Bot, which is integrated with computer vision,
natural language processing, predictive modeling, and applications. The second platform is the
Community Edition (free version), with more limited resources, a restricted number of
applications, and no AI functionalities from the IQ Bot, making it a great option for testing and
learning before upgrading to the Enterprise version for full functionality. Both versions require
the Windows operating system to function. Through testing and observations, the Automation
Anywhere tool (both paid and free versions) is highly interactive, easy to use, with no coding
required—just dragging actions to the center of the screen and connecting them until the process
is complete. Mahey’s (2020) book teaches step-by-step how to use Automation Anywhere to
automate processes in organizations, considering real-life scenarios.
According to CX Today (2022), Microsoft, with its RPA tool called "Power Automate,"
provides a solution with low code, AI, and the Azure cloud, which serve as the foundation for its
tool. In its study, Gartner (2023) highlighted the integration of Microsoft 365 Copilot, along with
the company's robust ecosystem and affordable pricing strategies, as key strengths of its RPA
tool.
Power Automate has two modes: the Desktop mode for local automation, simulating
human actions, and the Web mode for developing web solutions. The latter is the most commonly
used, with two ways to access it: by signing in with an Office 365 account or by visiting the
"Power Automate" website and creating an account.
Both are used and "programmed" through a website, with connections to various
Microsoft tools such as OneDrive, Outlook, Office, as well as third-party tools like Twitter,

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Trello, Dropbox, among others. Additionally, it is possible to connect with the APIs of other
tools. The Power Automate tool is easy to use, selecting connectors and analyzing different types
of functions, and can be applied to various approval types. There is a free version, but it comes
with limited features and time constraints (Microsoft, 2024).
In his book, Guilmette (2020) teaches how to use Power Automate to automate workflows
within an organization, ranging from basic and intermediate flows to managing the overall
environment of the tool.
The third RPA tool is from the company NICE (2020), which offers various solutions for
assisted automation (where the computer shows actions occurring in real time) and unassisted
automation (which runs in the background continuously) on a single platform, alongside
"NEVA," the AI that helps with necessary tasks by identifying processes that can be automated
and optimized automatically, with a user-friendly interface. There is both a paid version and a
trial version. The paid version is the complete version with all features, while the trial version
includes all tools but with only one year for use and testing.
For these reasons, Gartner (2023) identified the company's AI-based enhancement tools
as positive, along with its goal of targeting global enterprises. Thus, through its RPA tool, NICE
demonstrated itself to be a company with a vertical strategy (involving the integration of different
stages of a product or service's value chain) and a specific industrial strategy (referring to the
company's specialization in a specific industry or a specific set of products or services within that
industry).
The fourth RPA tool is from the company Blue Prism (2024), which, according to Gartner
(2023), offers a comprehensive set of RPA solutions, primarily for business applications. Blue
Prism allows the grouping of different solutions, use of bot licenses, and access to development
tools, all made available to clients. Currently, the company has over 168,000 active RPA users
worldwide.
The Blue Prism tool (2024) offers a free version for use up to 30 days, available both
locally and in the cloud. The website provides courses to learn the tool through practical use
cases, making the learning process easier. Blue Prism has an intuitive interface to create
flowcharts for the processes to be automated.
The fifth RPA tool is from UiPath, which has maintained its leadership position since
2022, according to Gartner (2023) and Navita (2022), offering a collection of cutting-edge hyper-

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automation capabilities (using technologies to identify and automate as many processes as
possible, at the fastest speed) from end to end for the RPA market. According to Gartner (2023),
the company serves a wide range of customers through its global Business Automation Platform.
UiPath benefits from strong brand visibility, a well-defined product strategy, and a diverse
customer base with over 10,000 companies. Additionally, the company is highlighted as the
largest RPA provider in terms of revenue within the Quadrant.
UiPath (2024) offers a free trial, and its interface is interactive, with different “profiles”
depending on the user's needs for development. It can include programming features based on
user experience, and tutorials are provided to help with using the tool. Currently, it also integrates
AI features to enhance the tool's ease of use.
Based on the RPA leaders in the Gartner Magic Quadrant, it's clear that these tools—
UiPath, Blue Prism, Microsoft Power Automate, and others—offer many high-quality features,
particularly the low-code or no-code characteristics. These platforms are designed to cater to both
technical and non-technical users, making automation more accessible.
Regarding the free tools, BotCity, OpenRPA, and Python Auto GUI are discussed.
BotCity (2024) is a Brazilian tool that automates tasks on both desktop and web
applications by recognizing locations through screenshots. BotCity generates the code without
requiring users to have an in-depth understanding of Python. The tool works with basic Python
knowledge for configuration and offers desktop, web, or custom modes. In short, BotCity is a
great 100% free tool for users who need RPA capabilities but don't require advanced
programming knowledge.
OpenRPA (2024) is a tool that can be installed on a local computer or machine. Once
installed, users can run it directly, and it opens an interactive interface that helps simplify the
process of creating automation by providing guidance on commands and variables. The tool is
designed to be user-friendly, meaning you don't need programming knowledge to use it
effectively. OpenRPA is an excellent option for those looking for a free, accessible RPA solution
with an intuitive interface to create automations without needing to dive into complex coding.
Lastly, PythonAutoGui (PYPI, 2024) is not a tool, but rather a library used to perform
RPA through programming in Python. Since it controls the mouse and keyboard of the computer,
Python and an IDE that supports Python need to be installed. As a result, it’s necessary to have
intermediate/advanced Python knowledge to use this library comprehensively. However, since

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Python is a widely-used language, there are numerous documents, tutorials, and videos available
that teach how to use all the features of Python. As it involves programming, it’s possible to
create more customizable systems, but it does not offer an interface that “hides” the code parts
like the other tools do (PYPI, 2024).
Table 1 presents a comparison of the RPA tools discussed, highlighting the positive and
negative aspects of each one. After analyzing the RPA tools, it can be concluded that there are
different RPA tools, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Comparing all the tools seen
within the “Leaders” quadrant of Gartner's Magic Quadrant, all of them have high ease of use
due to their low-code or no-code nature, meaning that users do not need programming skills to
use the tool. This is a major advantage, especially for those who are not developers.
All of these tools also offer a free version, which may vary in terms of usage time and
availability of features for testing. These tools come with extensive documentation and are well-
received by the community.
Some tools stand out in certain aspects due to additional features, such as: assisted and
unattended automation (NICE), AI assistants (NICE, UiPath), a single platform (NICE), and
courses for using the tool (SS&C Blue Prism). On the downside, these tools, recognized as
leaders by Gartner (2022), require payment to access the full version with all available features.
Thus, in addition to the tools selected by Gartner, the study also addresses tools or programming
languages with libraries that are 100% free and come with all resources included.

Board 1. Comparison Table.

Tools Negative Positive
Automation Anywhere Enterprise Version with Ease of use
cost Community Version
Well-received by the
community
Abundant documentation
available
Power Automate Full version with cost Ease of use
(Office or website) "Free" version (with demo)
Well-received by the
community
Abundant documentation
available
NICE Full version with cost Assisted and Unassisted
Automation
Single platform
AI Assistant
Ease of use

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 Free version (1 year)
Abundant documentation
available
SS&C Blue Prism Full version with cost Ease of use
"Trial" version (30 days)
Course for using the tool
UiPath Full version with cost Ease of use
"Trial" version
Well-received by the
community
Abundant documentation
available
AI Assistant
Global leader in RPA
BotCity Basic Python Programming 100% Free
Ease of use
Well-received by the
community
Comprehensive
documentation
OpenRPA 100% Free
Ease of use
Well-received by the
community
Comprehensive
documentation
Similar to UiPath
Python Auto GUI Intermediate/Advanced 100% Free
Python Programming Well-received by the
community
Comprehensive
documentation
Font: Elaborated by the authors.

BotCity, OpenRPA, and Python AutoGui are well-regarded tools within the community,
with abundant documentation. Most of them are easy to use, but in some cases, a basic to
intermediate knowledge of Python (BotCity, Python AutoGui) is required to fully leverage their
capabilities. However, since Python is a widely used language, there are plenty of courses and
communities available to help users learn and exchange knowledge. OpenRPA stands out by
being similar to UiPath, which is a paid tool, but with fewer features and no need for Python
knowledge, unlike the other free tools.

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4 CONCLUSION

This study achieved its goal by providing a detailed analysis of the leading Robotic
Process Automation (RPA) tools available in the market, with a focus on solutions identified by
the Gartner Magic Quadrant. Among the paid tools, UiPath stands out due to its comprehensive
collection of features, ease of use, and strong support from the user community. UiPath
differentiates itself through its hyper-automation capabilities, integrating advanced technologies
such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) to optimize end-to-end business processes.
Among the free tools, OpenRPA stands out as a robust alternative, offering a user-friendly
interface and similar features to UiPath, without requiring advanced programming knowledge.
This characteristic makes OpenRPA an attractive option for small and medium-sized businesses
seeking to implement RPA solutions without incurring high costs. The analysis also highlighted
the potential of BotCity and Python Auto GUI, which require some knowledge of the Python
programming language.
For future research, it is recommended to explore the integration of RPA with other
emerging technologies, such as Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, to further enhance
the capabilities of automation and intelligence in business processes.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work was supported by the International Center for Software Technology (CITS).

NOTE

This article constitutes a translated version of the original article: CARVALHO, I. D. G. de et al.
Transformação digital 4.0: análise das principais ferramentas de automação robótica de processos
(RPA). In: Anais do Congresso Brasileiro Interdisciplinar em Ciência e Tecnologia, Diamantina
(MG), 2024.

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