1 {A sludent uses the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1 to measure the terminal velocity of a metal ssphore t ing through oil small motal sphero Fig. 1.1 tweezers cil tal lass jar rubber bands ‘Tweezers hold the small metal sphere belaw the surface of the Iquid hefore itis released. AS the sphore falls, it reaches terminal velocity ‘To moasure the steady velocity of the sphoro, a student measures the time tit takes to fall a distance x. (a) Suggest a reason wity the Student does not measure x from the surface of the cil, a(©) The student places two rubber bands around the jar a shown in Fig. 1.1. Explain how the rubber bands make measuring the time more accurate, fo 3 (©) The student moves the lower rubber band and repeats the experiment for different values of x. ‘The results obtained are shown in the table. xsom us 40.0 8.64 20.0 4.30 State and explain whether the results show that the sphere is travelling at a steady velocity between the rubber bands, 2 @) OnFig.1.1 (mark the position of the student’s eye when starting the stopwatch, m ?) draw a ruler in position to measure the distance x. 1 (©) The experiment is repeated for spheres with different diameters 4, The results are shown below.diameter d of sphere time £10 fall 40.0cm terminal velocity v mm s m/s 10 8.64 46 15 3.78 20 2.20 30 0.96 (Use the data to complete the table. Give your values to one decimal place. [3] (ii) Use the data in the table to show that vis not directly proportional to d. - (2) Another student repeats the experiment to check one of the values of the terminal velocity, Tick three boxes to show what must be the same in both experiments, diameter of the sphere distance between the rubber bands. metal used for sphere ruler stopwatch type of oil (211 (a) (allow) to reach terminaliconstant veloctty/stop acceleratingyforces balance/ speedivelocity not constant at startinear surface/speed zero at surface BI allow only constant velocity between bands not velocity decreases (b) reduces parallax errorisee when sphere passes (behind) band! bands show when to start and stop stopwatchidistance measured accurately Bt allow bands act as a reference pointimark(eryfiducial mark(er) ball touches/hits band ime/distance measured easily {e) yestalmost 8 ‘comments e.g. doublingihalving x doubles/halves tx directly proportional to t x=ktor=kor' or values quoted 0.9. Velocities calculated both 4.6 or 4.63 and 4.65 or approximately 5 ratio found 40/20 = 2 and 8.64/4,60 = 2,(0083) check table doubling gives 8.60, noarly same as & 64 halving t gives 4.32, nearly same as 4.30 finding k: 40/8.64 = 4.63, 20/4,30 = 4.65 ‘0r 8.64/40 = 0.216, 4.30/20 = 0.215 81 allow for one mark no + comment on table values no + ratios found and not the same ro + difference is 0.04 s ‘ot just velocities are the same without evidence (@) (i) eye level horizontal and level with top band accept E/doUCED at side or on top of jarfeye drawn looking towards jar BI (li) vertical ruler drawn on jarino further than x marker arrow from Jar accept rectangle with no labels or markstline with marks or label 81 (e) (i) all values to one d.p.(even if incorrect) 81 any 2 answers in the range 10.5 ~» 10.6; 18.1 ~> 18.2; 41.6 -» 41.7 (3 or more sf) C1 10.8; 18.2; 41.7 all correct allow 3 or more sf (10.582; 18.182; 41.687) At allow inconsistent sf (li) for one mark: doubling/halving d does not double/halve v statement of requirement for directly proportional d not = ky, “/, oF */y not constant graph of d against v not a straight line through 0,0 c for two marks: doubling d gives 4 x v clear use of data from table to support statement rs} allow sketch graph ‘ed! table increasing div decreases vid ‘not comparing d or v with Winversely proportionally x d nat constant explanation of linearity (e.g. rate of increase not same) diameter of sphere; metal used for sphere; type of oil and none wrang [22] 82 any two correct and only one wrong scores one mark FI al [Total: 13]Fig. 3.1 on page 7 shows a rectangular glass block used in a light experiment. The path of a ray of light incident on one face of the glass block is marked with pins P, and P,, The path of the emergent ray after passing through the block is marked by pins Py and Py. (@) (@__ On Fig. 3.1, draw a straight line of length 20cm that passes through P, and P,,. Label the ends of the line X and ¥. ] (On Fig. 3.1, draw lines to show the emergent ray and the path ofthe ray inside the glass biock. 1) (i) On Fig. 3.1, mark the distance d between the line XY and the emergent ray. [1] (iv) Measure a. = ny (b)_ Use Fig. 3.1 to measure the thickness tof the glass block. =o. secs ET] (c) The refractive index m of the glass is given by the equation _t_ 2d Calculate the refractive index of the glass.rectangular glass block Fig. 3.13 (2) (incident ray continued straight with ruler (labelled XY) allow dotted line line to level with Py Bi (li) (refracted and) emergent rays correctly drawn with ruler Bt (lil) (2) marked correctly between lines Bt allow line not accurate bul intention clear not horizontal line if d varies significantly © UCLES 2007 Page 4 Mark Scheme. Syllabus | Paper GCE O LEVEL - October/November 2007 5054 04 (iv) d=07 to 12cm to nearest mm unit required ‘ecf (a) (ili) for correct attempt at d Bt allow 0.05 om ot t0.0.01 cm e.g. 0.90 em, 0.92 em (b) 5.0 cm/S0 mm (correct answer only) unit required unless penalised in (a) (iv) Bt allow 5.cm nos. penalty (©) witht d a Or 1.30 08 147 0.88 152 09 1.56 0.95 161 1.0, 1.67 14 1.79 12, 1.92 calculation correct to 2 d.p. ignore subsequent rounding 51 allow eof (a) (il) and (b) not negative answer unit given (e.9.°) [Total: 6]4 Astudent determines the focal length of a lens. The apparatus is set up as shown in Fig. 1.1. screen Jens illuminated _— blurred image object a wooden block | N metre rule Fig. 1.1 (not to scale) The illuminated object is fixed at the Ocm mark on the metre rule. ‘The perpendicular distance u of the object from the lens is fixed at 15.0om. (a) On Fig. 1.1, mark wand label it 15.00m, tt] (b) The image on the screen is not clear and the centre of the image is above the centre of the lens Explain how the apparatus is adjusted (i) to produce a focussed image on the screen,50 that the centre of the image is level with the centre of the lens. tt) (c) The image on the screen is in focus. The student measures the distance from the object to the screen, Fig. 1.2 shows an enlarged view of part of the screen and the metre rule. metre rule PN Fig. 1.2 (State the reading on the metre rule at the position of the screen. reading s Uso your answer to (c)(i) to caloulate the distance ¥ of the image from the lens. v U1) (d)_Tho student repeats the experiment for increasing values of u. The results are recorded in Fig. 1.3. u/cm vlem 20.0 19.8 25.0 165 30.0 15.4 35.0 14.2 40.0 133 Fig. 1.3 (In the spaces in Fig. 1.3, write your value of v from (¢)(i) and the corresponding value of u. tt](On Fig. 1.4, plot the graph of v/om on the y-axis against u/om on the x-axis. Start your graph from v= 10cm and w= 10cm, Draw a curved ling of best ft. 4) Fig. 1.4 (©) Suggest two practical techniques that the student uses to make the readings for v as. accurate as possible. 1 2] (f) When u= v, theory shows that the focal length fof the lens is given by f= u/2, Use your graph to determine a value for f,1 (2) accurate horizontal line from object to centre of lens ‘and labelled wor 15cm (©) (move sereen (along ruler) i) raise object (c) () 45.1emca0 unit required i) 30.16 — eof (ey) 15.0 (@) () 15.0 and (eV) inserted into top line of table (ii) axes: correct way round, labelled quantity and unit scales: more than 14 grid, linear, not awkward yaxiseg:2em=5em — xaxiseg: 2om= Sem points plotted accurately within % small square ‘neat crosses or small points (in circle) ‘smooth curve of best fit drawn {e) any two from: repeat (the measurement of v) and average avoid parallax in reading ruler or eye linelline of sight perpendicular to scale/reading or lens or screen close to ruler or mark centre of lens on base of holder use of set-square described check for zero error on ruler use darkened room clear explanation of focussing 29. move screen from left, then from right ‘move through focussed image from both directions, then stop () 9.8t010.0cm ect graph unit required 81 Bt 81 81 81 Bt 81 81 Bt BI a io} i i a io} 4) B2 Bt 2 nm (otal: 13]2 Astudent walks to school. He sketches a distance-time graph of his journey. Fig. 2.1 shows the first part of the journey. distance /m. time /min Fig. 2.1 He walks 500m in the first § minutes, as shown on Fig. 2.1 He then meets a friand and, as they talk, they take 10 minutes to walk the next 500m at constant speed. They thon stop for 7 minutes to look at some fish in a river. They run at constant speed for the last 500m so as not to be late for school. The total journey time of the student is 25 minutes, (@) (On Fig. 2.1, plot the remainder of the journey. Il (il) State the total distance the student travels to school distance = 0 (b) Suggest a method of measuring the distance travelled by the student to the school. a) (c) Without calculating any values, explain how the graph is used to find his fastest speed. a)3 Fig. 3.1 shows a bottle with a solid glass stopper. solid glass stopper bottle Fig. 3.1 Describe a laboratory experiment to determine the volume of the glass stopper. In your answer, state clearly + the equipment used, the readings taken, * how the volume is calculated.(il) Describe one way to make the measurement of the volume accurate. a) (b) To determine the density of the glass in the stopper, one more quantity must be measured. State the name of this quantity and the instrument used to measure it quaniity: measuring instrument: .... 2 (a) (i) ine from (6, 500) to (15, 1000) line to (22, 1000) or line horizontal for 7 minutes at 100m Bt line to (25, 1500) B13] (li) 1500m or 1.5km cao unit required 81 [1] {b) use of pedometer measure one pace and count paces tape measure with repeated use described use of trundle wheel 81 [1] {c) findimeasure gradient and where steepestiargest gradient 81 [1] [Total: 6) 3 (a) (i) using measuring cylinder using displacement can measuring cylinder stated measuring cylinder stated B81 inital reading fil can to spout + immerse object, + immerse object 81 new reading + find difference _ find volume of water collected 51 3) (i) sensible suggestions e.g repeat (measurement of volume) and average avoid parallax reading measuring cylinder or eye lineline of sight perpendicular to scalelreading view level with lower meniscus avoid splashing Bt 1) ()_ mass cao and balance a1 il‘An oxporiment is carried out to investigate retraction of ight through a glass book, Fig. 8.4 shows a rectangular glass block A ray of lights incident at P al an angle of incidence of 40" The angie of reaction inthe block is 24° (2) On Fig. 8.1, craw tines to ropresent (the normal at, a ) the refracted ray, a) (©) “The lower face othe block is labelles XY. (On ig.3.1, continue the normal to meet XY. Label this point A (i) On Fig. 3.1, continue the line ofthe retracted ray to meet XY. Label this point 6 (i) Measure AB and PB. io} (iv) On Fig. 9.1, continue the ine of the incident ray to meet XY. Label this point C. (v) Measure AC and PC. AC Pc “a (vi) Theory suggests that the refractive index of the glass is given by the ratio ACxPB ABx PC Calculate tis ratio, Give your answer toa suitable numiner of significant figures, ratio (0)(©) On Fig. 91, draw line to represent the ray of light that emerges from the block. Labo! this tine L glass block Fig.3.1 3° (a) @) normal correct at P (i) angle r correct + 1° 2.8£0.160m 6.9 £0.1cm_ unit required on at least one response (b) (i (v) 5.3.0.1 (om) 8.2£0.1 (em) (vi) 1.8 oF ecf comect ratio calculated no unit (c) emergent ray drawn parallel to incident ray and labelled L a (Bi) By 1) eB ey (Bt {64 Anexperimentis carried out to determine the density ofthe glass used to make microscope sides, Fig. 4.1 shows a stack of 10 microscope slides. S—s Fig. 41 (aot to scale) Fig. 42 shows fullsize views of the stack o! microscope slides. top view tront viow ‘se view Fig. 42 (tl size} (2) (@) By taking measurements trom Fig. 4.2, determine the average volume of a microscope sli. ‘Sato cloarly any moasuroments takon and show how tho volumo is calculated. Give your answer fo 2 significant figures, Explain why a stack of 10 shies is used rather than just one sid. i} (&) State any actional equipment needed to find the density of the glass Att] 4 (a) () (V=) Pew xh soen Ba T.8cmand 2.8m and 1(0)en seen By height or volume /10 By 2.0em! cao unit required ey) (i) any one from Ba makes hikes fae sie eight vlumel densest more acute sides may vaty in thickness ives average value for thickness of one slide (0) scalea/balance By (9)2 A student investigates the use of pulleys tit a load. ‘The student usas two pullays and B to lia load WY, as shown in Fig. 21. newton motor string pulley» —_| —load W Fig. 24 ‘The student uses a newion meter to measure the minimum force F needed to raise the load (2) Tho student raisos the load ata slow constant speed by puling on the newton meter (i) Explain why the student uses a constant speed, 1 (ll) Suggest a reason fr using a slow constant spood: At)(b) The student measures Flora load Wot 0.20N. Fig, 2.2 snows the newton meter when the load is raised at a slow steady sped. Fig. 22 (9) State the force Fshown by the newton meter F: sof] (On Fig. 2.2, matk the positon ofthe eye of the student when taking the reading. (1) (©), Tho studont takes a sorios of readings of F for ditfront values of WL Tho readings aro shown in Fig. 2.3. win FIN 020 040 0.60 0.80 0.70 Fig. 23 (On Fig, 2.3, wrte your value of Ftram (BX) (On Fig. 24, plot he graph of F/N on the waxls against WW/N on the xaxls. Start your axes from te origin Draw the straight ine of best ft ro Use your graph to find the value of F when W=0, ti] (ii) Suggest a reason why the ine of best fit does not pass through the orig. tH)Fig.24 {(@) Determine the gradient ofthe tine. Show your workin, ‘Give your answarto2 significant figures. ‘gracient = 2)2 a @ ‘any one trom: to measure a constant force no acceleraing (force) to gle a steady reading ‘variation in speed gives a variation nF Bt (i) any one from: have time ta read meter ‘easier fo read the meter ‘easier to keep speed constant at (©) (@) O45N cao. unit required Bt (i) 9ye postion avoiding parallax marked ‘24. above below meter looking towards meter Bt accent on top of meter (6}).{i) axes labstied quantity and unt Bt scalas linear BI poins plotted accurately Bt Dest ft straight ine craven at 0.32t0036 BI allow ect rom graph A) weight of ower pulley fiction of string over pulleys because F isnot (directly) proportional to W Bt om om 2 (51 ro (2) larga tlangle used on graph (2% drawn lie) and attempt at corract calculation Ct (0.58 to 0.64 penalise i not 2 significant fgures A allew ect from graph Total: 12]2. Astudent measures tne toval lengin ot a convex lens He sets up te apparatus shown in Fig. 21 iMuminated object lamp, Fig. 241 + He places the lens a eistance from the ilurinated object. + He moves tne screen until a sharp image of the cbjects formed on the screen. (@ (D Measure, ome nearest miimetre, the length x and tne length yon Fig. 2.1 (0 The diagram in Fig. 2. is drawn one-eighth ul size en ei Calculate the distance u fom the object tothe lens and the dlstanoe v trom te image to the lens. (®) Calculate the focal length fot the lens, using the equation f wy Give your answer to 2 significant figures. 1h om (2) {(€) State one precaution that the student takes to obtain an accurate value for the focal length # of tne tons, ia en tt]‘uestion answer wares ian [=2610m) 8 y=78(em) 8 ann o= 208 (om ana v= 624 (orp 5 ze) [158 a ‘em a 218 | move sseen sony Toand to ur sharpest Toa ebtared a Fepeat each Yeading and average ‘ect lens screen petpencis to beneh (Seta en same neg above he bench {ary oi exponent away fom ane br lt Sources carkenea oom {Ste resangperpendcuar oss sr ter /avocance of paral deserbed doy tt ae 3 Astudent and ner ttend measure an approximate value for he speed of sound ina using echoes. + She stands a large distance trom a retlecting wal. + She claps her hands ata regular rate + She aojusts ner rate of clapping unt each clap coinetces win the echo ot the previous clap. + Her mena men uses a stapwarcn to measure ne we roenween claps + They measure the distance to to wall ‘The time t between claps is recorded four times. ‘The values off, measured in seconcs, ate siiown below. 087 097 0.948 (® (0. Calculate t, the average value of £ Give your answer to 2 decimal places. tee SP] | Suggest why itis sensible to give t, to 2 decimal places tH(b) The distance s ftom the students tothe wallis 120m. (© Ametre rule is not an appropriate ceviee for measuring this distance Suggesta device that can be used to measure ths distance. a) (0 The speed vot soundin iris given bythe equation vate Calculate v. fo ve, mis (1) (Suggest one reason why the value forthe speed at sound in ir mesures! by this method Is ony approximate rn Guestion ‘answer ware ‘waxy [0915 or om7(5) a ‘fa [ ie cata sony given 2 cia lester age varlaton ne aw aa oy ‘oxy | measunrg ape “xn | 28265 2002857900) im/a) Beacimvsjnasise wes See | gaerels ony spout aaa neers sarc scarey aot a ome cpr Be ccoes acne | BE