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lab10, Helminthology_082743

The document provides an introduction to helminthology, focusing on the classification and life cycles of helminths, including trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. It outlines how these parasitic worms harm their hosts and the various transmission methods, as well as diagnostic techniques used to identify infections. Key points include the morphology, reproductive strategies, and pathogenic effects of these parasites.

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3 views

lab10, Helminthology_082743

The document provides an introduction to helminthology, focusing on the classification and life cycles of helminths, including trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. It outlines how these parasitic worms harm their hosts and the various transmission methods, as well as diagnostic techniques used to identify infections. Key points include the morphology, reproductive strategies, and pathogenic effects of these parasites.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Faculty of Medicine Jabir ibn Hayyan Medical University

Practical parasitology
Stage :3

Lab:Introduction to helminthology
TEACHING: hiba ahmed
Introduction
• The helminths are worm-like parasites, multicellular eukaryotic
invertebrates
• With tube-like or flattened bodies, bilaterally symmetrical
• The clinically relevant groups are separated according to their
general external shape and the host organ they inhabit.
• There are either hermaphroditic (bisexual) or separate sex
• Helminths classification :
1. Phylum platyhelminths (Trematodes & Cestodes)
2. Phylum nematohelminths (Nematodes)
Flukes (Trematodes)
• Adult flukes are leaf-shaped flatworms.
• Prominent oral and ventral suckers help maintain position in situ.
• Flukes are hermaphroditic EXCEPT for blood flukes, which are
separate sex. The life-cycle includes a snail as intermediate host.

Trematodes Cycle
1. Egg
2. Miracidium
3. Sporocyst
4. Redia
5. Cercaria
6. Metacercaria
7. Adult
Tapewors (Cestodes)
• Adult tapeworms are elongated, segmented, hermaphroditic
flatworms that inhabit the intestinal lumen.
• Larval forms, which are cystic or solid, inhabit extraintestinal
tissues

Cestodes Cycle
1. Egg
2. Metacestode
3. Adult
Roundworms (Nematodes)
• Adult and larval roundworms are separate sex, cylindrical
worms. They inhabit intestinal and extraintestinal sites.

Nematodes Cycle
1. Egg
2. Larvae (L1-L4)
3. Adult
Entry of Pathogenic Helminthes
• Eggs & Larvae are the infective stages
How the Worm Harms the Host ?
• By causing irritation as in Fasciola
• By absorbing the food intended for the host as in Tapeworm
• By sucking blood or lymph as in Hookworm
• By feeding on the tissue of the host as in Ascaris
• By causing mechanical obstruction and pressure as in
Microfiliria
• By causing growth of nodules and tumers and by perforating
vessels as in Wuchereia
• By secreting toxin or harmful substance as anti-coagulants as in
Hookworm
• By transmitting infectious agent as in bacteria, virus, fungi, …
Transmission
• Fecal-oral Transmission
• Transdermal Transmission
• Vector-borne Transmission
• Predator-prey Transmission
Diagnosis
• Microscopic Examination
• Scotch Tape Test T

• Fecal/Stool Examination
• Kato-Katz Technique
• Endoscopy -

• Blood Test :
A. Serology : used to look for antibodies or parasite antigens
antigens
B. Blood Smear : used to look for parasites that are found in the
blood, e.g filariasis can be diagnosed
• Molecular Diagnosis (PCR)
• X-Ray, MRI

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