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HOT DRY

The document discusses tropical climates, defining them as regions between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn, characterized by warm temperatures and significant variability. It outlines two types of tropical climates: hot humid and hot dry, detailing their precipitation and temperature conditions. Additionally, it highlights the impacts of tropical climates on health, agriculture, and infrastructure, and provides design considerations for buildings in these climates to enhance comfort and sustainability.

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friasalexander005
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32 views14 pages

HOT DRY

The document discusses tropical climates, defining them as regions between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn, characterized by warm temperatures and significant variability. It outlines two types of tropical climates: hot humid and hot dry, detailing their precipitation and temperature conditions. Additionally, it highlights the impacts of tropical climates on health, agriculture, and infrastructure, and provides design considerations for buildings in these climates to enhance comfort and sustainability.

Uploaded by

friasalexander005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TROPICAL

CLIMATES:
HOT HUMID
AND HOT

DRY
BY GROUP 5
WHAT IS TROPICS?
• The tropics are regions of Earth that lie roughly in the
middle of the globe. The tropics between the latitude
lines of the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
The tropics include the Equator and parts of North
America, South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. The
tropics account for 36 percent of Earth's landmass and
are home to about a third of the world's people.

• The tropics are warm all year, averaging 25 to 28


degrees Celsius (77 to 82 degrees Fahrenheit).
TROPICAL CLIMATES
What is Tropical Climate? • The core defining trait of a tropical climate is
the warm temperature.
The mean temperature year-round is 64 degrees Fahrenheit. Another
core characteristic of tropical regions is their variability
in
temperature. On a daily scale, the temperature can vary drastically, as
much as 20 degrees, but on an annual scale the seasons don't vary
nearly as much in temperature.
• Researchers also consider tropical regions as areas in a specific
location on the globe as well. The region known as the "tropics" runs
from the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere down across
the Equator and to the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern
Hemisphere.

Marina Somma
Ecosystem
January 18, 2022
TROPICAL CLIMATE:
HOT HUMID
• A hot-humid climate is generally defined as a region
that receives more than 20 in. (50 cm) of annual
precipitation and where one or both of the following
occur:
• A 67°F (19.5°C) or higher wet bulb temperature for
3,000 or more hours during the warmest 6 consecutive
months of the year; or
• A 73°F (23°C) or higher wet bulb temperature for
1,500 or more hours during the warmest 6 consecutive
months of the year.
TROPICAL CLIMATE: HOT DRY

• A hot-dry climate is generally defined as


a region that receives less than 20 in. (50
cm) of annual precipitation and where the
monthly average outdoor temperature
remains above 45°F (7°C) throughout the
year.
IMPACTS AND
EFFECTS OF TROPICAL
CLIMATES ON THE
PEOPLE AND
BUILDINGS/
INFRASTRUCTURE
PEOPLE
• Heat: Tropical climates can be characterized by high temperatures and humidity, which can
increase the risk of heat stress and other heat-related illnesses. It can also become
uncomfortable for most people to work or perform other activities outdoors during the hottest
and most humid part of the day.

• Health: Tropical climates can increase the risk of certain diseases, including malaria, dengue
fever, and typhoid fever. This can pose a serious threat to public health and result in
significant health and economic impacts.
• Agriculture: Tropical climates can have a significant effect on agriculture. The warm and
humid conditions can result in higher crop yields and faster growth rates, which can lead to
better crop performance. On the other hand, tropical climates can also pose challenges for
agriculture, including increased pest infestation, pest-borne diseases, and losses due to
storms and hurricanes. These factors can lead to reduced crop yields and economic impacts
for farmers and communities.
BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE
• Structural stability: The high levels of heat and humidity in tropical
climates can lead to significant stress on buildings and infrastructure.
This could potentially result in structural damage, cracks and
deterioration, and an increased hazard risk.

• Materials and construction: The high temperatures and humidity in


tropical climates can have an adverse effect on the durability of certain
materials, including metals, cement, and wood. This can lead to
accelerated degradation and increased maintenance costs for buildings
and infrastructure.

• Energyconsumption:Increasedcoolingneeds:Thehightemperaturesand
humidity in tropical climates can lead to increased cooling needs for
buildings and infrastructure, which can lead to increased energy costs.
This can also create challenges for energy efficiency and sustainability.
10 THINGS TO REMEMBER WHILE
DESIGNING IN HOT HUMID AND HOT
DRY
CLIMATE
1. Ventilation Ventilation is one of the important factors
to be considered while designing structures
in the hot and humid climate. The flow of
air helps in providing a direct physiological
cooling effect. The buildings are to be
placed in such a way which can facilitate
cross ventilation.
2. Windows
For increasing the cross-ventilation openings can be designed
of larger sizes.

3. Landscape
Micro-climate is essential to maintain while designing in the hot
humid climate as striking and heating of building surface can be
considerably reduced by designing a proper landscape. It can
Additionally, deciduous trees help in providing shade during the
summer season as well as provide sunlight during the winter
season. Therefore, we can plant such trees on south-western as
well as the west side of the structure. Furthermore, evergreen
trees when planted on the northwest and north side of the
structure can help in providing shade
throughout the year.

2/7/20XX 10
4. Building form
The form of the building can affect solar access, wind
exposure, rate of heat loss or heat gain through the
external envelope of the structure as well as airflow
pattern around the structure, which will also affect the
ventilation.

5. The orientation of the building


In a hot and humid climate, the orientation of the buildings
should be along the long axes in the east-west direction. This
will eventually place the longest façade in north and south
direction along with a short wall facing the east and west
direction.
6. Innovative daylighting systems
Light pipes are one of the innovative daylighting techniques
which can be considered while designing the hot and
humid climate. Light pipes help in transporting or
distributing natural as well as artificial light. They also
make it possible to transport daylight through thick roofs
and attics. It is generally made of glass or plastic.

7. Planning of courtyards
The addition of courtyards at the strategic locations in the
building helps in maintaining the microclimate of the
structure as due to incident solar radiation in the open to
sky enclosed space, the air gets warmer and moves
upwards and the cool air from the ground level flows
through the openings of the rooms surrounding the
courtyard.

10/11/2022 2
8. Room arrangements
The thermal load is related to the orientation of the structure and hence, room on the
east side tends to be warm during the morning hours and cool down in the afternoon
if it does not have much thermal mass. Whereas the rooms on the western side are
cooler in the morning and tend to heat up in the afternoon hours.
9. Roof
The efficient solution for hot humid climates can be
using the double roof. The inner layer of the ceiling
can be insulated and provided with a reflective upper
surface. The air temperature in the inner surface
should be a maximum of 4°C. Air that is discharged
through the double roof should pass through the
veranda and should not be allowed to enter the living
zone.

10. Green Walls


One of the solutions to work wonders in a hot humid
climate is the designing of green walls. It helps in
providing protection against the solar radiant heat,
reducing the glare, sound absorption, filtering the air,
stabilization of the microclimate, humidity regulation
effect. But the selection of plant species should be done
with care, plants with aggressive root systems should be
avoided.

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