Oriental College of Technology, Bhopal

DEPARTMENT
OF
BASIC SCIENCE

LAB MANUAL (BT 205)

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.TECH.) COURSE

SEMESTER –II
 Index
Oriental College of Technology, Bhopal
S. No. Particulars Remarks

1 VISION
Vision
ANDandMISSION
Mission ofOF
theTHE
Institute
INSTITUTE
2 Vision and Mission of the Department
3 To become
Programme a pioneer
Specific in (PSOs)
Outcomes the field of engineering
and research
4 of Programme
Vision by (POs)
Outcomes providing quality, skilled and
the Institute
5 compatible
Course engineers
Outcomes (COs) who are proficient in their
6 domain
CO-PO knowledge.
Matrix
7 CO-PSO Matrix
8 University Scheme
9 Syllabus
M1: To create awareness of about cutting edge
10 Academic Calendarto make the outgoing engineers
technologies
11 acceptable
List to the employers meeting their on–job
of Experiments
12 requirements.
Lab Time Table (Individual & Class)
13 Laboratory Plan
Mission
14 of Lab Manual
M2: To develop in-house facility for giving
the Institute
15 solutions
Important to questions
Viva industrial problems.
16 Attendance Record
17 Internal
M3: Assessment Record
To inculcate of attainment
professional of Course
ethics, leadership
18 qualities, ofcommunication
Measurement and Internal
CO attainment through entrepreneurial
Outcomes
skills to meet the societal needs
Assessments

Oriental College of Technology, Bhopal

Department of Basic Science

M1:
To create awareness of the latest technologies to the undergraduate students
Vision
for overall And Mission of The Department
growth.
M2: To inculcate professional values and entrepreneurial skills to fulfill the
career and societal needs.

To motivate the students to pursue higher education, competitive exams, and

M3:
other value-added program.

To encourage innovation and creativity through competitive environment

M4:
with state-of-the-art infrastructure.

Oriental College of Technology, Bhopal

Department of Basic Science

Programme Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

Impart skill to describe, determine and construct

PSO1: algorithms in the fields of web intelligence, cloud
computing, cyber security, machine learning and data
science & analytics in order to design systems.
 Impart skill to apply software engineering principles to
PSO2:
produce
quality business solutions.
Impart skill to apply recent programming languages,
PSO3: domain
knowledge for producing talents.

Oriental College of Technology, Bhopal

Department of Basic Science

Programme Outcomes (POs)

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and
an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, reviewer search literature, and analyze complex engineering
problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and
engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design
system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public
health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research methods
including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to
provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex Engineering activities with an
understanding of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal,
health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional
engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in
societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable
development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the
engineering practices.
9. Individual and teamwork: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse
teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering
community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and
design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and
management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage
projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in
independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
 Oriental College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Basic Science
Course Name: OOPM (IT 304)
Course Outcomes (COs
Year of Study: 2022-2023(III Semester)

Classify and Organize Computer, Apply Computer in various fields, Define

Operating System with its functions, Make use of MS-Word, Excel and
BT-205.1
Power Point.
Illustrate Algorithms and Flowcharts, Classify Programming Languages, Explain
BT-205.2 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts, Show the C++ basic features.
Apply OOP concepts like Classes and Objects, Inheritance, Polymorphism,
BT-205.3 Explain Friend and Virtual Functions, Define basic Data Structures.
Explain the functions of different layers of OSI and TCP/IP Models, Define
Internet, World Wide Web, Virus, Worms, Malware and other different types of
BT-205.4
attacks, Outline Computer Ethics, Cyber Laws and Computer Security Habits.
 Explain Data Base Management System (DBMS) and its architecture, Define Data
Dictionary, DBA, Primary Key, Examine DDL and DML, Classify Cloud Service
BT-205.5 delivery models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), types of cloud (Public, Private, Community
and Hybrid clouds).

Oriental College of Technology, Bhopal

Department of Information Technology

CO vs. PSO Mapping

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12

CO1 2 1 1 1 2 1 - 2 1 3 2 3

CO2 3 3 3 3 3 1 - 2 2 3 3 3

CO3 3 3 3 3 3 1 - 2 2 3 2 3

CO4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 3
 CO5 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 3

Average 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 1.4 0.8 2 1.8 3 3.7 3

Oriental College of Technology, Bhopal

Department of Information Technology
 Oriental College of Technology, Bhopal Syllabus

Department of Basic Science

Branch: IT Max. Marks: 70

Subject: Basic Computer Engineering Subject Code: BT-205

Unit I
Computer: Definition, Classification, Organization i.e. CPU, register, Bus architecture, Instruction set,
Memory & Storage Systems, I/O Devices, and System & Application Software. Computer Application in
e-Business, Bio-Informatics, health Care, Remote Sensing & GIS, Meteorology and Climatology,
Computer Gaming, Multimedia and Animation etc.
Operating System: Definition, Function, Types, Management of File, Process & Memory. Introduction to
MS Word, MS Power Point, MS Excel.

Unit II
Introduction to Algorithms, Complexities and Flowchart, Introduction to Programming, Categories of
Programming Languages, Program Design, Programming Paradigms, Characteristics or Concepts of OOP,
Procedure Oriented Programming v/s Object Oriented Programming. Introduction to C++: Character Set,
Tokens, Precedence and Associativity, Program Structure, Data Types, Variables, Operators, Expressions,
Statements and control structures, I/O operations, Array, Functions.

Unit III
Object & Classes, Scope Resolution Operator, Constructors & Destructors, Friend Functions, Inheritance,
Polymorphism, Overloading Functions & Operators, Types of Inheritance, Virtual functions. Introduction
to Data Structures.

Unit IV
Computer Networking: Introduction, Goals, ISO-OSI Model, Functions of Different Layers.
Internetworking Concepts, Devices, TCP/IP Model. Introduction to Internet, World Wide Web, E-
commerce
Computer Security Basics: Introduction to viruses, worms, malware, Trojans, Spyware and Anti-Spyware
Software, Different types of attacks like Money Laundering, Information Theft, Cyber Pornography, Email
spoofing, Denial of Service (DoS), Cyber Stalking, Logic bombs, Hacking Spamming, Cyber Defamation,
Pharming Security measures Firewall, Computer Ethics & Good Practices, Introduction of Cyber Laws
about Internet Fraud, Good Computer Security Habits.
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Unit V
Data Base Management System: Introduction, File oriented approach and
Database approach, Data Models, Architecture of Database System, Data
independence, Data dictionary, DBA, Primary Key, Data definition language and
Manipulation Languages.
Cloud Computing: Definition, cloud infrastructure, cloud segments or service
delivery models (IaaS, PaaS and SaaS), cloud deployment models/ types of cloud
(public, private, community and hybrid clouds), Pros and Cons of cloud computing.

Recommended Text Books:

1. Fundamentals of Computers: E Balagurusamy, TMH.

2. Basic Computer Engineering: Silakari and Shukla, Wiley India.
3. Fundamentals of Computers: V Rajaraman, PHI.
4. Information Technology Principles and Application: Ajoy Kumar Ray &
Tinku Acharya PHI.

Recommended Reference Books:

1. Introduction of Computers: Peter Norton, TMH.

2. Object Oriented Programming with C++: E.Balagurusamy, TMH.
3. Object Oriented Programming in C++: Rajesh K.Shukla, Wiley India.
4. Concepts in Computing: Kenneth Hoganson, Jones & Bartlett.
5. Operating Systems: Silberschatz and Galvin, Wiley India.
6. Computer Networks: Andrew Tananbaum, PHI.
7. Data Base Management Systems: Korth, TMH.
8. Cloud Computing: Kumar, Wiley India.
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List of Experiments

Oriental College of Technology, Bhopal

Department of Basic Science

Exp. No. Experiment

Study and practice of Internal & External DOS commands.
1.
Study and Practice of MS windows – Folder related operations, My-Computer, window
explorer,Control Panel
2.

3. Creation and editing of Text files using MS- word

4. Creation and editing power-point slides using MS- power point
5. Creation and operating of spreadsheet using MS-Excel
Creation and manipulation of database table using SQL in MS-Access.
6.

7. WAP to illustrate Arithmetic operator

8. WAP to illustrate Arrays
9. WAP to illustrate functions
10. WAP to illustrate constructor & Destructor
WAP to illustrate Operator overloading.
11.
12. WAP to illustrate Function overloading
WAP to illustrate Derived classes & Inheritance
13.
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Program No:1

Aim: Study and practice of Internal & External DOS commands.

A command is a set of instructions used to perform a specific task

 Internal Command
– Those commands which are already loaded in the Command.COM file while
switching to the MS DOS
E.g. MD, CD, TIME, DATE, COPY, COPR CON, TYPE ETC.

 External Command
– Those commands which are not loaded when loading the Program but are
available in the Disk and can be invoked whenever necessary
– E.g. FORMAT, TREE, XCOPY, etc.

 To start MS DOS, click on the Start button and choose Run

 In the Run dialog box, type CMD or COMMAND which is the EXE file for MS DOS
 Click on the OK button

Internal DOS Commands-

(i) MD (Make Directory) : We use this commands to make a new directory or sub directory.

Syntax : C\:>MD DIRECTORY NAME

Example : MD STUDENT

(ii) CD (Change Directory) : This commands is used to move from one directory to another.

Syntax : C:\> CD Directory name

Example : > CD Student

Exit to Directory :

CD… The command move the subdirectory to parent directory.

CD\ The command is used to move directly to the root directory.

(iii) RD (Remove Directory) : If a Directory which was earlier is ;not required than such
directory can be removed by using

Syntax : C:\> RD Directory name

Example : >RD student

Note : (a) The directory, which is to be removed, must be empty.

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(b) The directory in which one is working cannot be removed.

One has to close the directory and come to the parent directory to remove that directory.

(iv) Copy Con : Its command is used to create a file. The name of the file, which is to be
created, is written after the copy Con leaving one space in between

Syntax : Copy Con file name

-------------------------------

-------------------------------

To created a file, the following steps are :

(i) Type Copy Con and press Enter.

(ii) Type whatever is to be typed in the file.

(iii) Press F6 function key or CTRL + Z keys ‘?Z’ will be displayed on the screen, which
indicates that the file is complete.

(iv) Press Enter and after that the DOS will save the file and will display the message ‘1 File(s)
copied.

(v) Del : This command is used to erase the files which are no longer required.

Syntax : C:\> Del < File name >

Example : >Del Monu

(vi) Type : This command is used to view the contents of text file.

Syntax : Type <file name>

(vii) Copy : This command is used to copy of file from one place to another place. A copy of
file is another file with the same contents.

Syntax : C:1> copy <source> < destination path>

(viii) Ren : This command is used to rename the file. In REN command two parameters are
used. The first is the file we want to rename and the second is the new name for the file.

Syntax : > Ren <old file name> <New file name>

(ix) DIR : This command is used to display of directory and files.

Syntax : C:\> DIR ?

(x) CLS : This command is used to clear the screen.

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Syntax : C:\> CLS

External command-

1. MORE:-Using TYPE command we can see the content of any file. But if length of file is
greater than 25 lines then remaining lines will scroll up. To overcome through this problem
we uses MORE command. Using this command we can pause the display after each 25 lines.

Syntax:- C:\> TYPE <File name> | MORE

2. MEM:-This command displays free and used amount of memory in the computer.

Syntax:- C:\> MEM

The computer will display the amount of memory.

3. SYS:- This command is used for copy system files to any disk. The disk having system files
are known as Bootable Disk, which are used for booting the computer.

Syntax:- C:\> SYS [Drive name]

This command will transfer the three main system files COMMAND.COM, IO.SYS,
MSDOS.SYS to the floppy disk.

4. XCOPY:- When we need to copy a directory instant of a file from one location to another the
we uses xcopy command. This command is much faster than copy command.

Syntax:- C:\> XCOPY < Source dirname > <Target dirname>

5. MOVE:- Move command is used for moving one file or multiple files from one location to
another location or from one disk to another disk.

Syntax:- C:\> MOVE <file name> <path name>

6.FIND:- The FIND command is used to search a file for a text string.

Syntax:- C:\> FIND "String to search" <File name>

7. DISKCOPY:- DISKCOPY copies the contents of a floppy disk to another.

Syntax:- C:\> DISKCOPY <Drive1> <Drive2>

This command will be copy all contents of A drive to B drive.

8. ATTRIB:- Sets the various type of attribute to a file. Like Read only, Archive, Hidden and
System attribute.
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Syntax:- C:\> ATTRIB [± r] [± a] [± h] [± s] <File name>
here r - for read only, a- for archive, h - for hidden, s - for hidden attribute.
9. LABEL:- If you are not happy with the volume label of hard disk, you can change it.

Syntax:- C:\> LABEL

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Program No:2

Aim:- Study and Practice of MS windows – Folder related operations, My-Computer, window
explorer,Control Panel

Control Panel-
Control Panel is a part of the Microsoft Windows graphical user interface which allows users to view and
manipulate basic system settings and controls via applets, such as adding hardware, adding and removing software,
controlling user accounts, and changingaccessibility options. Additional applets can be provided by third party
software.
The Control Panel has been an inherent part of the Microsoft Windows operating system since its first release
(Windows 1.0), with many of the current applets being added in later versions. Beginning with Windows 95, the
Control Panel is implemented as a special folder, i.e. the folder does not physically exist, but only
contains shortcuts to various applets such as Add or Remove Programs and Internet Options. Physically, these
applets are stored as .cpl files. For example, the Add or Remove Programs applet is stored under the
name appwiz.cpl in theSYSTEM32 folder.

My Computer

A section of Microsoft Windows that was introduced with the

release of Microsoft Windows 95 and included with all versions of Windows after that. My
Computer allows the user to explore the contents of their computer drives as well as manage
their computer files. In the picture to the right, is an examples of the My Computer icon in
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Microsoft Windows XP, the Computer icon in Windows Vista and Windows 7, and This PC
icon introduced with Windows 8. Although the name has changed, this icon still acts the same as
My Computer.

How to open My computer

1. Get to the Windows Desktop.
2. Double-click the My Computer icon, this icon is almost always located on the top-left
portion of the desktop and should look similar to the icon shown earlier. Below are two
examples of what should appear when My Computer is open.

Drive listing in My Computer

Browsing My Computer in Windows 2000

You can also access My Computer or Computer through the start menu, as shown below.

Windows Explorer

Windows Explorer is the operating system's file and folder manager. Alternatively referred to as
File Explorer or Windows Explorer, Explorer is a file browser found in Microsoft Windows 95
and above to explore and manage the drives, folders, and files on the computer. Although
similar, Microsoft Windows Explorer is not the same as "My Computer" and is not "Microsoft
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Internet Explorer", even though Internet Explorer is sometimes improperly referred to as
Explorer.

Windows Explorer is a file management tool that lets you create, rename, and delete folders.
It also allows you to copy, print, move, delete, rename, and manage files.

To open Windows Explorer:

1. Open My Documents.
2. Click the Folders button on the Navigation toolbar.
3. A list of folders opens in the left pane.

To explore Windows Explorer:

1. With Windows Explorer open, scroll until you see the Control Panel icon in the left
pane.
2. Click the Control Panel icon. The contents (of the Control Panel folder) display in the
right pane.
3. Practice viewing other folders in the list.
4. To close Windows Explorer, click the small black X in the upper right of the list OR
click the Folder button.

Exploring My Computer

My Computer is another tool you can use to manage files and folders. With this tool, you can
create, rename and move folders and copy, print, move, delete and rename files. It also
allows you to gain access to other system tools.

To open My Computer:
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1. Double-click the My Computer icon on the desktop.

2. My Computer opens.

OR

1. Right-click the My Computer icon (on the desktop).

2. Choose Open.

OR

 Open the Start menu and choose My Computer.

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Using My Computer
Once My Computer is open you'll see all available drives on your computer. For most users,
you'll only be concerned with the Local Disc (C:) drive, which is the hard drive and what stores
all your files. Double-click this drive icon to open it and view of its contents.

Tip: If you're looking for a document such as a word processor file you've created, music file,
picture, or other personal file it's likely that it's contained in your documents folder. This folder is
displayed in My computer as a folder and usually contains your name. For example, if your
username was John, this folder would be named John's Documents.

Finding files in My Computer

If you're having trouble finding where one of your files is stored, use the Windows find feature
to find the file. To do this from within My Computer either click on File and then Search or
right-click on the C: drive or other folder you wish to search and click Search.

In the Search window, type the name or part of the name of the file you're trying to find.

Adjust system settings with your computer

If you wish to manage your computer or view other settings and information about your
computer instead of double-clicking the My Computer icon to open it, right-click on the My
Computer icon and click Properties. Performing these steps will open your System Properties
(the same window accessible through the Control Panel).
Basic Computer Engineering
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Program No:3

Aim:- Creation and editing of Text files using MS- word

Create a New Document

 Choose File ➪ New from the menu bar.
o This may ask you to select which document template to use for the new
document.
 Click the New Blank Document button of the tool bar.
 Press CTRL + N on the keyboard. (Depress and hold CTRL, Press and release 'N')

Open an Existing Document

 Choose File ➪ Open from the menu bar.
 Click the Open button on the toolbar.
 Press CTRL + O on the keyboard.

NOTE: Each method will show the Open dialog box. Select the drive the file was saved on,
choose the file, and click the Open button.

Save a Document
 Select File ➪ Save from the menu bar.
 Click the Save button on the toolbar.
 Press CTRL + S on the keyboard.

Navigate to the location where you would like to save the document. Make a note of the drive
where the document is saved for future reference. To save an existing open document under a
different name, select 'File ➪ Save As'.

Renaming a Document

To rename an existing, but not open, Word document while using the program,

 Select File ➪ Open (or press CTRL + O on the keyboard) and find the file you want to
rename.
 Right-click on the document name with the mouse and select Rename form the shortcut
menu.
 Type the new name for the file and press the ENTER key.

Working with Multiple Documents

Several documents can be opened simultaneously if you are typing or editing multiple
documents at once. All open documents are listed under the Windows menu. The current
document has checkmark beside the filename. Select another name to view another open
document or click the button on the Windows taskbar at the bottom of the screen.

Closing a Document
 Selecting File ➪ Close from the menu bar
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 Click the close window icon if it’s visible on the menu bar
 Press CTRL + W or CTRL + F4 on the keyboard.

Exiting Word
 Choose the File ➪ Exit on the menu bar.
 Click the Close button align with the title bar.

Program No:4

Aim:- Creation and editing power-point slides using MS- power point
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Creating a PowerPoint Slide

Step 1:
Open Microsoft PowerPoint.
Step 2:
Go to File at the top of the screen and click New. A box that says “New Presentation”
should appear on T he right side of your screen.
Step 3:
In the “New Presentation” dialog box, click on “From Design Template.” You may then scan
through design templates and choose one that you like.
Step 4:
Slide Design
Step 5: Slide Layout
Change the Slide Layout. You may change the slide layout (how information is
presented in the s lide) by going to the top of the screen and clicking on “Format” – “Slide Layout.”
A box will appear on the right side of your screen (where “New Presentation” appeared) labeled
“Slide Layout.” You may select a design by clicking on it.
Step 6:
Adding Text
Enter your text by clicking and then typing in the box titled “Click to Add Text” or “Click to
Add Title.”
Step 7:
Adding Pictures
You may add pictures by clicking on the box that says “Click to add content.” Inside that box,
there will be a smaller box with six icons. Click on the
icon that looks like a photograph of a mountain. A new window will open, allowing you to browse
for a picture on your computer or a CD. Once you find your picture, click on it and then click
“Insert.”
Select a design template by clicking on the template you like. You may choose a
different color for your template by clicking on “Color Schemes” in the “New Presentation” dialog
box.
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Step 8: Resizing Pictures
You may change the size of your picture by clicking on the picture. The picture will then have black
lines around it with small bubbles or boxes in the corners. Place your mouse over the bubbles or
boxes and click. Holding the mouse pointer down, drag the picture to the size you want.

Manipulating Text Using the Formatting Tool Bar

You can use the formatting toolbar to manipulate your text as well. Many of the buttons on this
toolbar perform the same function as they do in MSWord. There are some differences worth noting
however.

Shadow button: Adds or removes a shadow from a region of highlighted text.

Increase/Decrease Paragraph Spacing buttons: Increases or decreases the

spacing between paragraphs (or lines in a bulleted or numbered list).

Increase/Decrease Font Size buttons: Increases or decreases font size. By

highlighting a region of text you can adjust the font size of that particular region.
Promote/Demote buttons:
Promotes or demotes paragraphs or the items in a list.
If the cursor is contained within or at the end of a particular line, only that
paragraph will be promoted/demoted. If you would like to promote/demote multiple paragraphs or
lines, highlight them and then click on the appropriate button.

Manipulating Your Slides Using the Format Menu:

You can change the look of your slides with some of the options featured in the Format menu. The
Slide Layout option allows you to change the format of your slides or will reapply a layout to a slide
whose layout has been modified. The Slide Color Scheme option allows you to modify or reapply a
color scheme of a particular slide. The Slide Background option allows you to set a background
color, pattern, texture or image in your presentation. The Apply Design option allows you to use one
of the MS PowerPoint templates. You can use this option to change the look of your presentation at
any point. The Colors and Lines and AutoShape options allow you to set the line, fill colors,
pattern, size, position, and text-wrapping properties for selected objects or shapes.

Using the View Menu

You can view and edit your presentation in five different modes. The default view in PowerPoint is
the Slide view. This allows you to work with one slide at a time. You can use the Slide Sorter to
view miniature versions of all the slides in your presentation. In this view you can reorder slides by
selecting a slide and dragging it to its desired location. The Slide Sorter view is useful when editing
slides because it allows you to jump to any place in your presentation rather than having to
sequentially scroll through it.
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Program No:5

Aim:- Creation and operating of spreadsheet using MS-Excel.

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program that allows the operator to organize numeric
data, perform calculations, make decisions, create graphs using data, develop reports,

Key Terms:Spreadsheet:

Rows and columns of data organized in a systematic way that allows the computer to make
calculations of the data and to update the
calculations as the data changes. In Microsoft Excel, spreadsheets are
called workbooks.
Row: A horizontal set of cells in a worksheet grid.
Column: A vertical set of cells in a worksheet grid.
Cell: A cell is the intersection of a row and a column in a worksheet grid.
Range: A range is a defined area of a worksheet. For example, selecting the
cells F4, F5, and F6 can be indicated as F4:F6.

To Create a New Spreadsheet:

• Click on the Start button: click New Office Document and under the General Tab,
click Blank Workbook OR click Microsoft Office XP and Microsoft Excel.
• To create an additional spreadsheet with Excel open, click on File Menu and
New, and from the Frame on the right, click on Blank Workbook
To Add a Row or Column:
• Place the cursor in a cell where you want to add a column to the left of the cell or
a row above the cell.
• Click on Insert in the Menu Bar.
• Select either Insert Rows or Insert Columns.
• A new row will be added above the cursor if you select Insert Rows or a new
column will be added to the left of the cursor if you select Insert Columns.
To Delete a Row or Column:
• Select a column or a row by clicking on the column letter or the row number.
• Click on Edit in the Menu Bar.
• Select Delete.
To Fill Down or Fill Across:
• Place the cursor in a cell. (This cell then becomes the active cell.)
• Point to and left-click on the small “handle” in the lower right corner of the active
cell.
• Fill down or fill across to the desired ending cell address.
To Change the Column Width or Row Height:
• Select the column or row that you want to change.
• Click on Format in the Menu Bar.
• Click on Row or Column; choose Height for row or
Width for column.
• Type number in the Height (or Width) box.
• Click OK.

To Hide and Unhide a Column or Row:

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• To Hide: Right-click on a column letter or a row number.
• Select Hide. (It will appear that the column or row is deleted, but it is only hidden.
• To Unhide: Select the columns or rows preceding and following the “hidden”
column or row.
• Right-click and select Unhide

Excel Calculation Functions:

Examples:
• =SUM(C1:C4)
• =AVERAGE(D3:J8)
• =ROUND(E3:E4)
• =MAX(B1:B10)
• =MIN(B1:B10)
Excel IF Statement:
• An IF Statement is written in the following format: =IF(CONDITION,X,Y).
• Example: =IF(A3=C3,”GREAT”,”TRY AGAIN”)
• The condition is a True/False question.
• The results will reveal whether the condition is True or False.
Create a Chart from a Spreadsheet:
Types of Charts:
—Column
—Bar
—Line
—Pie
—XY (Scatter)
—Area
—Doughnut
—Radar
—Surface
—Bubble
—Stock
—Cylinder
In a spreadsheet select the data you want to chart.
• Click on Insert in the Menu Bar.
• Click on Chart to create a chart.
• Select a chart type from the list shown, click Next.
• Select the Data Range, click Next.
• Under the Titles tab, add the Chart Title, the Category (X) Axis, and the Value
(Y) axis.
• Make any desired changes to the Axes, Gridlines, Legend, Data Labels, or Data
Table. Click Next.
• Click to add the chart As a New Sheet (as a separate page) or As an Object in the
existing worksheet.
Basic Computer Engineering
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Program No:6
Aim:- Creation and manipulation of database table using SQL in MS-Access.

SQL is a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases.

Database Tables-
A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified by a name (e.g.
"Customers" or "Orders"). Tables contain records (rows) with data.

Some of The Most Important SQL Commands

 SELECT - extracts data from a database
 UPDATE - updates data in a database
 DELETE - deletes data from a database
 INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
 CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
 ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
 DROP TABLE - deletes a table

The SQL INSERT INTO Statement

The INSERT INTO statement is used to insert new records in a table.

SQL INSERT INTO Syntax-

It is possible to write the INSERT INTO statement in two forms.

The first form does not specify the column names where the data will be inserted, only their
values:

INSERT INTO table_nameVALUES (value1,value2,value3,...);

The second form specifies both the column names and the values to be inserted:

INSERT INTO table_name (column1,column2,column3,...)

VALUES (value1,value2,value3,...);

The SQL UPDATE Statement

The UPDATE statement is used to update existing records in a table.

SQL UPDATE Syntax-

UPDATE table_name
SET column1=value1,column2=value2,...
WHERE some_column=some_value;
Basic Computer Engineering
2022

The SQL CREATE TABLE Statement-

The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a table in a database.

Tables are organized into rows and columns; and each table must have a name.

SQL CREATE TABLE Syntax

CREATE TABLE table_name
(
column_name1 data_type(size),
column_name2 data_type(size),
column_name3 data_type(size),
....
);

The column_name parameters specify the names of the columns of the table.

The data_type parameter specifies what type of data the column can hold (e.g. varchar, integer,
decimal, date, etc.).

The size parameter specifies the maximum length of the column of the table.

Example
CREATE TABLE Persons
(
PersonID int,
LastName varchar(255),
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255)
);

The SQL DELETE Statement-

The DELETE statement is used to delete rows in a table.

SQL DELETE Syntax

DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE some_column=some_value;
Basic Computer Engineering
2022

Program No:7

Aim:- WAP to illustrate Arithmetic operator.

Algorithm: Step 1: Start

Step 2: Declare variables num1, num2 and sum,.
Step 3: Read values num1 and num2.
Step 4: Add num1 and num2 and assign the result to sum.
sum←num1+num2
Step 5: Display sum
Step 6: Stop
Coding:-
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
Void main()
{
Clrscr();
int num1,num2,sum;
cin>>a>>b;
sum=a+b;
cout<<”sum=”<<sum;
getch();
}

Output: 7
3
Sum=10
Basic Computer Engineering
2022

Program No:8

Aim:- WAP to illustrate Arrays.

Algorithm: Step 1: Start
Step 2: Declare an array and two varriables i,j
Step 3: Read elements of array from keyboard.
Step 4: Display an matrix
Step 5: Stop

Coding:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
Int a[3][3],i,j;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
For(j=o;j<3;j++)
Cin>>a[i][j];
}
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
Cout<<”\n”;
For(j=0;j<3;j++)
Cout<<a[i][j];
}
getch();
}

Output:1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
123
456
789
Basic Computer Engineering
2022

Program No:9

Aim:- WAP to illustrate functions

Algorithm: Step 1: Start
Step 2: Defination of function
Step 3: declare two varriables a and sq in function body;
Step 4: calculate square of a number
Step 5: square fuction called by main function
Step 6: return output to main function
Step 7: stop

Coding:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int suare()
{
int a,sq;
cin>>a;
sq=a*a;
return(sq);
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
Int c;
c=square();
cout<<”square=”<<c;
}

Output:
2
Square=4
Basic Computer Engineering
2022

Program No:10

Aim: WAP to illustrate constructor & Destructor

Algorithm:

STEP 1: Start the program.

STEP 2: Declare the class as Prime with data members,
Member functions.
STEP 3: Consider the argument constructor Prime() with integer
Argument.
STEP 4: To cal the function calculate() and do the following steps.
STEP 5: For i=2 to a/2 do
STEP 6: Check if a%i==0 then set k=0 and break.
STEP 7: Else set k value as 1.
STEP 8: Increment the value i as 1.
STEP 9: Check whether the k value is 1 or 0.
STEP 10:If it is 1 then display the value is a prime number.
STEP 11:Else display the value is not prime.
STEP 12:Stop the program.

CODING
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class prime
{
int a,k,i;
public:
prime(int x)
{
a=x;
}
void calculate()
{
k=1;
{
for(i=2;i<=a/2;i++)

if(a%i==0)
{
k=0;
break;
}
else
{
k=1;
}
}
}
Basic Computer Engineering
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void show()
{
if(k==1)
cout<< “\n\tA is prime Number. ";
else
cout<<"\n\tA is Not prime.";
}
};

void main()
{
clrscr();
int a;
cout<<"\n\tEnter the Number:";
cin>>a;
prime obj(a);
obj.calculate();
obj.show();
getch();
}
Output:
Enter the number: 7
Given number is Prime Number
Basic Computer Engineering
2022

Program No:11

Aim: WAP to illustrate Operator overloading.

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Declare the class.
Step 3: Declare the variables and its member function.
Step 4: Using the function getvalue() to get the two numbers.
Step 5: Define the function operator ++ to increment the values
Step 6: Define the function operator - -to decrement the values.
Step 7: Define the display function.
Step 8: Declare the class object.
Step 9: Call the function getvalue
Step 10: Call the function operator ++() by incrementing the class object and call the
function display.
Step 11: Call the function operator - -() by decrementing the class object and call the
function display.
Step 12: Stop the program.

Coding:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

class complex
{
int a,b,c;
public:
complex(){}
void getvalue()
{
cout<<"Enter the Two Numbers:";
cin>>a>>b;
}

void operator++()
{
a=++a;
b=++b;
}

void operator--()
{
a=--a;
b=--b;
Basic Computer Engineering
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}

void display()
{
cout<<a<<"+\t"<<b<<"i"<<endl;
}
};

void main()
{
clrscr();
complex obj;
obj.getvalue();
obj++;
cout<<"Increment Complex Number\n";
obj.display();
obj--;
cout<<"Decrement Complex Number\n";
obj.display();
getch();

Output:
Enter the two numbers: 3 6
Increment Complex Number
4+ 7i
Decrement Complex Number
3+ 6i
Basic Computer Engineering
2022

Program No:12

Aim: WAP to illustrate Function overloading

Algorithm:
STEP 1: Start the program.
STEP 2: Declare the class name as fn with data members and member functions.
STEP 3: Read the choice from the user.
STEP 4: Choice=1 then go to the step 5.
STEP 5: The function area() to find area of circle with one integer argument.
STEP 6: Choice=2 then go to the step 7.
STEP 7: The function area() to find area of rectangle with two integer argument.
STEP 8: Choice=3 then go to the step 9.
STEP 9: The function area() to find area of triangle with three arguments, two as Integer and
one as float.
STEP 10: Choice=4 then stop the program.

Coding:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define pi 3.14
class fn
{
public:
void area(int); //circle
void area(int,int); //rectangle
void area(float ,int,int); //triangle
};

void fn::area(int a)
{
cout<<"Area of Circle:"<<pi*a*a;
}
void fn::area(int a,int b)
{
cout<<"Area of rectangle:"<<a*b;
}
void fn::area(float t,int a,int b)
{
cout<<"Area of triangle:"<<t*a*b;
}

void main()
{
int ch;
int a,b,r;
clrscr();
fn obj;
cout<<"\n\t\tFunction Overloading";
cout<<"\n1.Area of Circle\n2.Area of Rectangle\n3.Area of Triangle\
n4.Exit\n:”;
cout<<”Enter your Choice:";
cin>>ch;
Basic Computer Engineering
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switch(ch)
{
case 1:
cout<<"Enter Radious of the Circle:";
cin>>r;
obj.area(r);
break;
case 2:
cout<<"Enter Sides of the Rectangle:";
cin>>a>>b;
obj.area(a,b);
break;
case 3:
cout<<"Enter Sides of the Triangle:";
cin>>a>>b;
obj.area(0.5,a,b);
break;
case 4:
exit(0);
}
getch();
}

Output: Function Overloading

1. Area of Circle
2. Area of Rectangle
3. Area of Triangle
4. Exit
Enter Your Choice: 2
Enter the Sides of the Rectangle: 5 5
Area of Rectangle is: 25
1. Area of Circle
2. Area of Rectangle
3. Area of Triangle
4. Exit
Enter Your Choice: 4
Basic Computer Engineering
2022

Program No:13

Aim: WAP to illustrate Derived classes & Inheritance

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Declare the base class emp.
Step 3: Define and declare the function get() to get the employee details.
Step 4: Declare the derived class salary.
Step 5: Declare and define the function get1() to get the salary details.
Step 6: Define the function calculate() to find the net pay.
Step 7: Define the function display().
Step 8: Create the derived class object.
Step 9: Read the number of employees.
Step 10: Call the function get(),get1() and calculate() to each employees.
Step 11: Call the display().
Step 12: Stop the program.

Coding:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

class emp
{
public:
int eno;
char name[20],des[20];
void get()
{
cout<<"Enter the employee number:";
cin>>eno;
cout<<"Enter the employee name:";
cin>>name;
cout<<"Enter the designation:";
cin>>des;
}
};

class salary:public emp

{
float bp,hra,da,pf,np;
public:
void get1()
{
cout<<"Enter the basic pay:";
Basic Computer Engineering
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cin>>bp;
cout<<"Enter the Humen Resource Allowance:";
cin>>hra;
cout<<"Enter the Dearness Allowance :";
cin>>da;
cout<<"Enter the Profitablity Fund:";
cin>>pf;
}
void calculate()
{
np=bp+hra+da-pf;
}
void display()
{
cout<<eno<<"\t"<<name<<"\t"<<des<<"\t"<<bp<<"\t"<<hra<<"\
t"<<da<<"\t"<<pf<<"\t"<<np<<"\n";
}
};

void main()
{
int i,n;
char ch;
salary s[10];
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter the number of employee:";
cin>>n;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
s[i].get();
s[i].get1();
s[i].calculate();
}
cout<<"\ne_no \t e_name\t des \t bp \t hra \t da \t pf \t np \n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
s[i].display();
}
getch();
}

Output:
Enter the Number of employee:1
Enter the employee No: 150
Enter the employee Name: ram
Enter the designation: Manager
Enter the basic pay: 5000
Enter the HR allowance: 1000
Enter the Dearness allowance: 500
Enter the profitability Fund: 300

E.No E.name des BP HRA DA PF NP

150 ram Manager 5000 1000 500 300 6200
Basic Computer Engineering
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