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UNIT-II-CLASS PPT

The document discusses the relationship between the Earth and the Sun, focusing on concepts such as solstices, equinoxes, and seasonal variations. It includes mathematical definitions related to the sun's position, such as the hour angle, azimuth, altitude, and shadow angles. Various sun-path diagrams and projections are presented to illustrate these concepts and their applications in understanding solar angles and shadow casting.

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Shanthini Rajeswari
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3 views

UNIT-II-CLASS PPT

The document discusses the relationship between the Earth and the Sun, focusing on concepts such as solstices, equinoxes, and seasonal variations. It includes mathematical definitions related to the sun's position, such as the hour angle, azimuth, altitude, and shadow angles. Various sun-path diagrams and projections are presented to illustrate these concepts and their applications in understanding solar angles and shadow casting.

Uploaded by

Shanthini Rajeswari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUN AND EARTH

EARTH-SUN RELATIONSHIP
SUMMER SOLSTICE
WINTER SOLSTICE
EQUINOX
POSITION OF SUN
DURING EQUINOX
SEASONAL VARIATION
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
AZIMUTH AND ALTITUDE ANGLE
ZENITH ANGLE (or) ANGLE OF INCIDENCE = 90º-Altitude
•Cos β = Cos ς x Cos γ
•Cos (angle of incidence) = Cos (horizontal component) x Cos (vertical Component)
HRA

As the hourly rotation of the


earth is 360°/24h = 15°/h, HRA
is 15° for each hour from solar
noon:
HRA = 15 * (h - 12)
where h = the hour considered
(24-h clock) so HRA is negative
for the morning and positive for
the afternoon hours,
e.g:
for 9 am: HRA = 15 * (9 - 12) = -
45° but
for 2 pm: HRA = 15 * (14 - 12) =
30°
DEFINITION OF THE HOUR ANGLE
(drawn for the southern hemisphere)
AZIMUTH AND ALTITUDE AT THE SUN’S PATH
POSITION OF SUN
SUN-PATH
DIAGRAM
Equidistant orthographic stereographic
SEASONAL VARIATION
SKYDOME WITH EQUIDISTANT PLAN PROJECTION
SHOWING AZIMUTH AND ALTITUDE COORDINATES
A MODEL OF THE SKY DOME. THE SUN PATHS FOR
THE 21ST DAY OF EACH MONTH ARE SHOWN. ONLY
SEVEN PATHS ARE NEEDED FOR TWELVE MONTHS
BECAUSE OF SYMMETRY (i.e. MAY 21 IS THE SAME AS
JULY 21)
COMPONENTS OF A
SUN-PATH
DIAGRAM
VERTICAL PROJECTION

CYLINDRICAL PROJECTION

WALDRAM PROJECTION
WALDRAM SUN-PATH DIAGRAM, LAT = 52°
AN IMPROVED PROJECTION OF ALTITUDES
EQUIDISTANT VERTICAL SUN-PATHS, LAT = 52°
EQUIDISTANT VERTICAL SUN-PATHS, LAT = 28°
HORIZONTAL SUN-DIAL (STH. HEMISPHERE)
VERTICAL SUN-DIAL (NTH. HEMISPHERE)
GNOMONIC SUN-PATH DIAGRAM FOR LAT = 0°
SHADOW ANGLE
HORIZONTAL SHADOW ANGLE = HSA = AZI-ORI (AZIMUTH-ORIENTATION)
Horizontal Shadow Angle (HSA) (ς)
Horizontal Shadow Angle (HSA) (ς)
Horizontal Shadow Angle (HSA) (ς)
•VERTICAL SHADOW ANGLE = VSA = ALT (ALTITUDE) only when, the sun is exactly
opposite the wall considered.
Otherwise Tan ε = tan γ x sec ς
Tan (VSA) = tan (solar altitude) x sec (HSA)
Vertical Shadow Angle (VSA) (ε)
Vertical Shadow Angle (VSA) (ε)
Vertical Shadow Angle (VSA) (ε)
Vertical Shadow Angle (VSA) (ε)
Vertical shadow angle (VSA) (ε) for summer
Vertical shadow angle (VSA) (ε) for spring
Vertical shadow angle (VSA) (ε) for winter
Non equator facing surfaces - The hourly
shadow angles for a surface offset from due South by
45deg
How shadow angles vary for a surface at different orientations.
In this animation, the sun-path rotates around the object whilst
the date and time remains constant.
SHADOW ANGLE PROTRACTOR

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