SMM

10.8 Isometric projections of regular pentagonal plane

10.1) Draw isometric projection of a pentagonal plane with edge of 25 mm length when it is placed in vertical and
horizontal position.
(a) Procedure for construction of isometric projection of the pentagonal plane positioned in vertical-right.
➢ Pentagonal plane in Fig.(i) contains isometric and non-isometric edges, enclose pentagonal plane in a
rectangle, opqr.
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii)
➢ Measure the true lengths of the sides of the rectangle opqr (e.g., true length of one side, op is 40mm).
➢ Measure the isometric lengths for these sides using isometric scale (e.g., isometric length of side, OP is
32.6mm).
(b )
VP a (c ) e d
x y
HP
p c q
b p

d
25
40

a 45 30

o e r o

Fig. (i) Orthographic projection Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale

Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

➢ Construct the isometric projection of the rectangle plane using one side (OP) vertical (perpendicular) and
other side (OR) inclined at 30 to the horizontal through point O as shown Fig.(iii)a.
➢ Remaining two sides are constructed by drawing parallel lines to the previously constructed sides. i.e., if
the plane is rectangle or square then it is a parallelogram or rhombus in isometric projection.
➢ Corners of the pentagonal plane are located as follows:
– Corner a lies on side op. Its distance from the nearest corner o of the rectangle is oa. Obtain the
corresponding isometric length of oa and then locate the corner A by applying isometric length of oa
from point O as shown in Fig.(iii)a.
– Similarly locate the corners, B, C, D, and E.
– Join the points A, B, C, D, E and A with thick line, which will be the isometric projection of the
(b ) pentagonal plane.
VP a (c ) e d Q
x y
HP C

p c P
q D
b p B

d R
25
40

P
A E
30
a 45 30 O
o e r o
(a) Vertical right plane
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iii) Isometric projection
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

(b) To construct the isometric projection of the rectangle plane in vertical-left and horizontal position, apply the
procedures as explained in the Section (a).
➢ Isometric projections of the rectangle plane in vertical-left and horizontal positions are shown in Fig.(iii)b
and Fig.(iii)c, respectively.

(b )
VP a (c ) e d Q
x y Q
HP C C
p c P P
q D D Q
b p B B C
D

d R R P R
25
40

P B
A E E A E
30 30 30 A 30
a 45 30 O O O
o e r o
(a) Vertical right plane (b) Vertical Left plane (c) Horizontal plane
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iii) Isometric projection
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

10.9 Isometric projections of circular plane

10.2) Draw isometric projection of a circular plane of diameter 40mm using 4-centre arc method.
➢ A circular plane appears as an ellipse in the isometric projection.
➢ Various methods such as (i) 4-centre arc method, (ii) method of points, etc., are applied for the construction
of an ellipse in the isometric projection.
➢ In this chapter, 4-centre arc method will be used for the construction of an ellipse.
(a) Procedure for construction of isometric projection of the circular plane positioned in vertical-right.
➢ Circular plane in Fig.(i) contains non-isometric curve, enclose circular plane in a square, opqr.
➢ Divide the circle into four equal parts along the tangent points, a, b, c and d such that it results in four arcs,
arc ab, arc bc, arc cd and arc da.
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢ Measure the true lengths of the sides of the square, opqr (e.g., true length of one side, op is 40mm).
➢ Measure the isometric lengths for these sides using isometric scale (e.g., isometric length of side, OP is
32.6mm).
p b q
90
p

m
40

a c P
90 90

90 45 30

o
o r
d
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale
 SMM

➢ Construct the isometric projection of the square plane using one side (OP) vertical (perpendicular) and
other side (OR) inclined at 30 to the horizontal through point O as shown Fig.(iii)a.
➢ Remaining two sides are constructed by drawing parallel lines to the previously constructed sides. i.e., the
plane is square thus it is a rhombus (i.e., OPQR) in isometric projection.
➢ Tangent points of the circular plane are located as follows:
– Tangent point a lies on mid point of side op. Its distance from the nearest corner o of the square is oa.
Obtain the corresponding isometric length of oa and then locate the corner A by applying isometric
length of oa from point O as shown in Fig.(iii)a.
– Similarly locate other three tangent points, B, C and D.
– Draw the lines from one of the corners (e.g., P) of the shorter diagonal of the rhombus to the
associated midpoints of opposite sides (e.g, C-midpoint for QR and D-midpoint for OR) and thus we
have lines PC and PD. Q

– Similarly, draw lines RB and RA. B

p
– Name the centres as M1, M2, M3 and M4. M4
P M3 C
b q
90
p M1
A M2
90 R
m
40

a c P D
90 90
30
O
90 45 30
o (a) Vertical right plane
o r
d Fig. (iii) Isometric projection
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale
 SMM

– M1 is the intersection of lines RA and PD, draw an arc AD with radius M1D keeping M1 as centre.
– Similarly, M3 is the intersection of lines RB and PC, draw an arc BC with radius M3C keeping M3.
– M2 is the one of the corners of the shorter diagonal of the rhombus will the centre for drawing the arc
AB with radius M2B. Draw an arc AB keeping M2 as centre.
– Similarly, to draw the arc CD, another shorter diagonal corner, M4 will be the centre with radius M4C.
Draw an arc CD keeping M4 as centre.
General points:
▪ Radius of both shorter arcs will be equal in length and radius of both larger arcs will be equal in length.
▪ Line (e.g. AM2) drawn from tangent point (e.g. A) will be always perpendicular to its associated edge (e.g.
OP) of the rhombus.
▪ Only ellipse and construction lines must be shown in the isometric projection.
Q
▪ Orthographic projections need not to be drawn.
B
P M3 C
p b M4
q
90
p M1
A M2
90 R
m
40

a c P D
90 90
30
O
90 45 30
o (a) Vertical right plane
o r
d Fig. (iii) Isometric projection
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale
 SMM

(b) To construct the isometric projection of the circular plane in vertical-left and horizontal position, apply the
procedures as explained in the Section (a).
➢ Isometric projections of the circular plane in vertical-left and horizontal positions are shown in Fig.(iii)b and
Fig.(iii)c, respectively.

Q Q

C
B
P M3 M3 R M4 Q
C B M4
p b M4
q B C
90
p M1 M2 M1 D M1 M3
A M2 90 R
90 R P P
m
40

a c P D A A D
90 90 30 30 30
30
O O M2
O
90 45 30
o (a) Vertical right plane (b) Vertical Left plane (c) Horizontal plane
o r
d Fig. (iii) Isometric projection
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale
 SMM

10.10 Isometric projections of Semi-circular plane

10.3) Draw isometric projection of a circular plane of diameter 40mm using 4-centre arc method.
➢ A semi-circular plane appears as an semi-ellipse in the isometric projection.
➢ In this discussion, 4-centre arc method will be used for the construction of an semi-ellipse.
(a) Procedure for construction of isometric projection of the circular plane positioned in vertical-right.
➢ Circular plane in Fig.(i) contains non-isometric curve, enclose semi-circular plane in a rectangle (half of the
square), oacr.
➢ Divide the circle into two equal parts along the tangent point, d such that it results in two arcs, i.e., arc cd
and arc da.
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢ Measure the true lengths of the sides of the rectangle, oacr (e.g., true length of one side, or is 40mm).
➢ Measure the isometric lengths for these sides using isometric scale (e.g., isometric length of side, OR is
32.6mm).

a m c P
R20

45 30
o
o r
d
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale
 SMM

➢ Construct the isometric projection of the rectangle plane using one side (OA) vertical (perpendicular) and
other side (OR) inclined at 30 to the horizontal through point O as shown Fig.(iii)a.
➢ Remaining two sides are constructed by drawing parallel lines to the previously constructed sides. i.e., the
plane is rectangle thus it is a parallelogram (i.e., OACR) in isometric projection.
➢ Tangent points of the semi-circular plane are located as follows:
– Tangent points a and c are default corners of the rectangle in Fig.(i) and these are named as A and C
in the parallelogram as shown in Fig.(iii)a.
– Obtain the corresponding isometric length of od and then locate the tangent point, D by applying
isometric length of od from point O as shown in Fig.(iii)a.
– Locate the two centres, M1 and M4 of the arcs AD and CD, respectively, by applying the procedure
discussed in the preceding section.

M4 C

p M1
A
90 R
a m c P D
30
R20

O
45 30
o (a) Vertical right plane
o r
d Fig. (iii) Isometric projection
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale
 SMM

– Draw an arc AD using centre M1 with radius AM1.

– Similarly, draw an arc CD with radius CM4 from centre M4.
– Join AC with thick line indicate boundary edge of the plane which completes the construction of semi-
ellipse as shown in the Fig.(iii)a.
– Isometric projections of the semi-circular plane in vertical-left and horizontal positions are shown in
Fig.(iii)b and Fig.(iii)c, respectively.

C
R M4
M4 C
C

p M1
A M1 M2 D M3 R
90 R M2
a m c A A D
P D
30 30 30
30
R20

O O
O
45 30
o (a) Vertical right plane (b) Vertical Left plane (c) Horizontal plane
o r
d Fig. (iii) Isometric projection
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale
 SMM

10.11 Isometric projections of 1/4th-circular plane

10.4) Draw isometric projection of a circular plane of radius 20mm using 4-centre arc method.
➢ A 1/4th-circular plane appears as an 1/4th-ellipse in the isometric projection.
➢ In this discussion, 4-centre arc method will be used for the construction of an 1/4th-ellipse.
(a) Procedure for construction of isometric projection of the square plane positioned in vertical-right.
➢ Circular plane in Fig.(i) contains non-isometric curve, enclose 1/4th-circular plane in a square, oamd.
➢ Two tangent points are a and d and arc need to be constructed between these two points.
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢ Measure the true lengths of the sides of the square, oamd (e.g., true length of one side, oa is 20mm).
➢ Measure the isometric lengths for these sides using isometric scale (e.g., isometric length of side, OA is
16.3mm).

a m p 45
R20

30
o
o d
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale
 SMM

➢ Construct the isometric projection of the square plane using one side (OA) vertical (perpendicular) and
other side (OD) inclined at 30 to the horizontal through point O as shown Fig.(iii)a.
➢ Remaining two sides are constructed by drawing parallel lines to the previously constructed sides. i.e., the
plane is square thus it is a rhombus (i.e., OACMD) in isometric projection.
➢ Tangent points of the 1/4th-circular plane are located as follows:
– Two tangent points a and d lies on shorter diagonal of the rhombus as shown in Fig.(iii)a, thus A and D
are tangent points on the isometric projection.
– Locate the centre, M1 by applying the procedure discussed in the preceding section.
– Draw an arc AD using centre M1 with radius AM1.
– Join AM and MD with thick line indicate boundary edges of the plane which completes the construction
of 1/4th-ellipse as shown in the Fig.(iii)a.
– Isometric projections of the 1/4th-circular plane in vertical-left and horizontal positions are shown in
Fig.(iii)b and Fig.(iii)c, respectively.
M4

M M
M1 M
A M1 D
90
a m p 45 A A D
D 30 30
30 30
R20

P O O
O
30
o (a) Vertical right plane (b) Vertical Left plane (c) Horizontal plane
o d
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iii) Isometric projection
 SMM

10.12 Isometric projections of regular pentagonal prism

10.5) Draw isometric projection of a pentagonal prism with edge of 25 mm length and height 50mm when it is
placed in vertical position.
(a) Procedure for construction of isometric projection of the pentagonal prism positioned in vertical.
➢ Some of the faces and edges of the Pentagonal prism contains non-isometric planes and non-isometric
lines. It is necessary to enclose the solid using rectangular prism. Only need to determine the size of the
rectangular base edges and these sizes can be obtained from the top view of the prism. Only the top view
of the prism constructed and it is as shown in Fig.(i).
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii)
➢ Measure the true lengths of the edges of the rectangle prism (e.g., true length of one side, op is 40mm).
➢ Measure the isometric lengths for these edges using isometric scale (e.g., isometric length of side, OP is
32.6mm).

(p)t (c)h (q)u

(b)g
p
()
+
25

(d)i
40

30
(a)f 45

(o)s (r)v o
(e)j
Fig. (i) Top view Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

➢ Construct the isometric projection of the rectangular prism such that its axis is in vertical (perpendicular)
position is as shown Fig.(iii).
➢ Locate all the corners of the pentagonal prism which are lying on the rectangular prism as shown in the
Fig.(iii).
➢ Join the corners of the pentagonal prism which are associated only with visible edges using thick lines,
which will be the isometric projection of the pentagonal prism is as shown in the Fig.(iii).

U
H
I

T
 V
G
(p)t J
(c)h (q)u F
(b)g S
p
() Q
+
25

(d)i
40

P C
D

30 P  R
(a)f 45
B
(o)s (r)v o
(e)j E
30 A 30
Fig. (i) Top view Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale O
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa Fig. (iii) Isometric projection
 SMM

10.13 Isometric projections of regular pentagonal pyramid

10.6) Draw isometric projection of a pentagonal pyramid with edge of 25 mm length and height 50mm when it is
placed in vertical position.
(a) Procedure for construction of isometric projection of the pentagonal pyramid positioned in vertical.
➢ Some of the faces and edges of the Pentagonal pyramid contains non-isometric planes and non-isometric
lines. It is necessary to enclose the solid using rectangular prism. Only need to determine the size of the
rectangular base edges and these sizes can be obtained from the top view of the prism. Only the top view
of the prism constructed and is as shown in Fig.(i).
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii)
➢ Measure the true lengths of the edges of the rectangle prism (e.g., true length of one side, op is 40mm).
➢ Measure the isometric lengths for these edges using isometric scale (e.g., isometric length of side, OP is
32.6mm).

(p)t c (q)u
b
p
()
+
25

d
40

30
a 45

(o)s (r)v o
e
Fig. (i) Top view Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

➢ Construct the isometric projection of the rectangular prism such that its axis is in vertical (perpendicular)
position is as shown Fig.(iii).
➢ Locate all the corners of the pentagonal pyramid which are lying on the rectangular prism as shown in the
Fig.(iii).
➢ Join the corners of the pentagonal pyramid which are associated only with visible edges using thick lines,
which will be the isometric projection of the pentagonal pyramid is as shown in the Fig.(iii).

T  V

(p)t c (q)u
b S
p
() Q
+
25

d
40

P C
D

30 P  R
a 45
B
(o)s (r)v o
e E
30 A 30
Fig. (i) Top view Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale O
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa Fig. (iii) Isometric projection
 SMM

10.14 Isometric Projections of Regular Cylinder, Cone and Sphere

10.7) Draw isometric projection of a cylinder with diameter 40 mm length and height 50mm when it is placed in
vertical position. Similarly, size of the cone is same as that of cylinder.
(a) Procedure discussed in the preceding section can be applied for the construction of isometric projection
of the both cylinder and cone in vertical using 4-centre method.
➢ Fig.(i) depicts the top view of the base of cylinder/cone. Please note that in the cylinder or cone,
enveloped prism will be a square prism with size of the side as diameter. Thus, in this case no need to
construct orthographic projection.
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii)
➢ Fig.(iii) and Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projections of the cylinder and cone, respectively, in vertical
M4 Q Q
position.
B C
➢ Noting that, extreme generators of the cone or 
 M
cylinder will be always common tangent lines M1 3 R R
P P
to the ellipse. A D

O M2 O
p b q
90 p M4 Q M4 Q
B C B C
()  P
 
40

a c
90 90 M1 M3 M1 M3
30 R R
P P
45
o A D A D
90 30 30 30 30
o r O M2 O M2
d Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iv) Isometric projection cone
Fig. (iii) Isometric projection cylinder
Fig. (i) Top view
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

10.8) Fig.(i) shows the top view of a cylinder with blind hole. Outer diameter is
120mm and height is 60mm. The blind hole diameter 80mm and depth 40mm.
Draw its isometric projection.
➢ Fig.(i) depicts the top view of the cylinder with blind hole.
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢ Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the hollow cylinder.
➢ Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction lines.
(Please note that, in drawing, construction lines should be retained). Fig. (iv) Without construction lines.

R 60
90
p
80

P
90 90

30
45
90 o 30 30
o O

Fig. (i) Top view (Scale=1:2) Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iii) Isometric projection of cylinder with blinded hole.
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

10.9) Fig.(i) shows the top view of a hollow cylinder. Outer diameter is 120mm and
height is 60mm and inner diameter 80mm. Draw its isometric projection.
➢ Fig.(i) depicts the top view of the hollow cylinder.
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢ Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the hollow cylinder.
➢ Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction lines.
(Please note that, in drawing, construction lines should be retained).
Fig. (iv) Without construction lines.

R 60
90
p
80

P
90 90

30
45
90 o 30 30
O
o
Fig. (i) Top view (Scale=1:2) Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iii) Isometric projection of hollow cylinder.
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

10.10) Fig.(i) shows the top view of a hollow cylinder. Outer diameter is 120mm
and height is 40mm and inner diameter 80mm. Draw its isometric projection.
➢ Fig.(i) depicts the top view of the hollow cylinder.
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢ Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the hollow cylinder.
➢ Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction lines.
(Please note that, in drawing, construction lines should be retained).
Fig. (iv) Without construction lines.

R 60
90
p

P
80

90 90
30
45
o 30 30
90
O
o
Fig. (iii) Isometric projection of hollow cylinder.
Fig. (i) Top view (Scale=1:2) Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

10.11) Fig.(i) shows the orthographic projection of a semi-cylinder with grooves. Draw isometric projection of the
given object.
➢Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the mechanical object.
➢Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction lines.

Fig. (iv) Reduced size and

Keyway with flat base without construction lines.

R23 10
R13
5

o +

p
50

30 30
30
45 O
o

Fig. (i) Orthographic projection Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iii) Isometric projection of semi-cylinder with grooves.
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

10.12) Fig.(i) shows the orthographic projection of a semi-cylinder with grooves. Draw isometric projection of the
given object.
➢Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the mechanical object.
➢Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction lines.

Fig. (iv) Reduced size and

Keyway with curve base without construction lines.
R18
R23 10
R13
5

o +

p
50

30 30
30
45 O
o

Fig. (i) Orthographic projection Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iii) Isometric projection of semi-cylinder with grooves.
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

10.13) Draw isometric projection of a cylinder with diameter 40 mm length and height 20mm is resting on HP
such that a sphere of diameter 50mm is resting on top of the cylinder at the centre.
(a) Procedure discussed in the preceding section can be applied for the construction of isometric projection
of the both cylinder and cone in vertical using 4-centre method.
➢ Fig.(i) depicts the top view of the base of cylinder and sphere which is resting on cylinder at .
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii)
➢ Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the cylinder and sphere which resting on the top of the cylinder.
➢ In this example, name of the tangent points and corners have been ignored in isometric projection. Only
centre of the sphere to be located at a height of isometric length of radius of the sphere. However, sphere
can seen in any direction with its radius. R 25

- point of contact of cylinder and sphere.

p 0.815  R 25
q R 25
b 90 p 

P
a c
40

90  90
30
45
o
d 90 30 30
o r O
Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iii) Isometric projection cylinder with sphere
Fig. (i) Top view
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

10.15 Isometric Projections of Mechanical object

10.14) Fig.(i) shows the orthographic projection of a mechanical object. Draw
isometric projection of the given object.
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢ Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the mechanical object.
➢ Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction
lines. (Please note that, in drawing, construction lines should be
retained).

x1 Fig. (iv) Without construction lines.

Rib, 15mm TK
20
40

20

40 40
x y
20
60

30
45
o
O 120 30 30
y1 O
Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iii) Isometric projection of mechanical part.
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection (Scale=1:2)
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

10.15) Fig.(i) shows the orthographic projection of a mechanical object. Draw

isometric projection of the given object.
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢ Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the mechanical object.
➢ Fig.(iv) depicts equivalent linear dimensions of the angular dimension.
Noting that, angular dimensions should be converted to the equivalent linear
dimensions from the orthographic projections by constructing only angular
features. These measure dimensions to be converted to the isometric length
and then these dimensions need to be used in the isometric projection.
Fig. (v) Without construction lines.
➢ Fig.(vi) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction lines.
x1  
Rib, 15mm TK

45 
20

40
Fig. (iv) Orthographic projection
40

of angle feature.
20

45
x y
40 40

15

15
30




50

30
45
o 30 30
O
O 120 y1
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection (Scale=1:2) Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iii) Isometric projection of mechanical part.
 SMM

10.16) Fig.(i) shows the orthographic projection of a mechanical object. Draw

isometric projection of the given object.
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢ Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the mechanical object.
➢ Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction lines.
(Please note that, in drawing, construction lines should be retained).

x1 Fig. (iv) Without construction lines.

Ribs, 15mm TK
20
40

x y
40 40
15

15
30
50

30
45
o
O 120 30 30
y1 O
Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iii) Isometric projection of mechanical part.
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection (Scale=1:2)
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

10.17) Fig.(i) shows the orthographic projection of a mechanical object. Draw isometric
projection of the given object.
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢ Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the mechanical object.
➢ Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction lines. (Please
note that, in drawing, construction lines should be retained).

Fig. (iv) Without construction lines.

20 20
60

P
30

30
45 30 30
O o
80 60 O

Fig. (i) Orthographic projection (Scale=1:2) Fig. (iii) Isometric projection of mechanical part.
Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

10.18) Fig.(i) shows the orthographic projection of a mechanical object. Draw isometric
projection of the given object.
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢ Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the mechanical object.
➢ Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction lines. (Please
note that, in drawing, construction lines should be retained).

Fig. (iv) Without construction lines.

20

80

20

80 O
20
20

P
80

30
45
30 30
o
O

Fig. (i) Orthographic projection (Scale=1:2) Fig. (iii) Isometric projection of mechanical part.
Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 10.19) Fig.(i) shows the orthographic projection of a mechanical object. Draw isometric
projection of the given object.
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢ Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the mechanical object.
➢ Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction lines. (Please
note that, in drawing, construction lines should be retained).

Fig. (iv) Without construction lines.

20

Square slot
80

20

80 O
20
20

P
80

30
45
30 30
o
O

Fig. (i) Orthographic projection (Scale=1:2) Fig. (iii) Isometric projection of mechanical part.
Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

10.20) Fig.(i) shows the orthographic projection of a mechanical object. Draw

isometric projection of the given object.
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢ Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the mechanical object.
➢ Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction lines.
(Please note that, in drawing, construction lines should be retained).

Fig. (iv) Without construction lines.

R40 20

P
20

20 30
20

30
30

45
40 o 30 30
O
80 60 O
Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iii) Isometric projection of mechanical part.
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa Fig. (i) Orthographic projection (Scale=1:2)
 SMM

10.21) Fig.(i) shows the orthographic projection of a mechanical object. Draw

isometric projection of the given object.
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢ Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the mechanical object.
➢ Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction lines.
(Please note that, in drawing, construction lines should be retained).
40

Fig. (iv) Without

construction lines.
40

40 10
40
20
60

30
45
o
O 120 30 30
O
Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iii) Isometric projection of mechanical part.
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection (Scale=1:2)
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

10.22) An object consisting a small cylinder of diameter 80mm and height

40mm is placed on top of the larger cylinder of diameter 150mm and height
75mm. Two ribs of 20mm thick used to give better strength. Fig.(i) shows the
top view of the object. Draw isometric projection of the given object.
➢ Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢ Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the object.
➢ Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction
lines. (Please note that, in drawing, construction lines should be
retained).
Fig. (iv) Without
construction lines.

2 Ribs, 20mm TK

R 75

30
45
o
30 30
Fig. (i) Top view (Scale=1:2) O
Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iii) Isometric projection
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

10.23) Fig.(i) shows the orthographic projection of a mechanical object. Draw isometric projection of the given
object.
➢Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the mechanical object.
➢Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction lines.
25

15
Fig. (iv) Reduced size and
+ without construction lines.
Rib, 6 Thick
22

10
10

45
o 11
11

p
R6
62
6

30
45
o 30 30
O
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iii) Isometric projection of mechanical component
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

10.24) Fig.(i) shows the orthographic projection of a mechanical object. Draw isometric projection of the given
object.
➢Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the mechanical object.
➢Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction lines.
x1
Sq. 25

15

+
Rib, 6 Thick Fig. (iv) Reduced size and
without construction lines.
22

10
10

45
11
11

p
R6
62
6

30
45
o 30 30
O
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iii) Isometric projection of mechanical component
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

10.25) Fig.(i) shows the orthographic projection of a mechanical object. Draw isometric projection of the given
object.
➢Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the mechanical object.
➢Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction lines.
R12.5

15
Fig. (iv) Reduced size and
+ without construction lines.
22

R6
10

75
o 12.5 12.5
R6
12.5

p
62

P
12.5

30
45 30 30
o O
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection Fig. (iii) Isometric projection of mechanical component
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale
 SMM

10.26) Fig.(i) shows the orthographic projection of a mechanical object. Draw isometric projection of the given
object.
➢Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the mechanical object.
➢Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction lines.

Fig. (iv) Reduced size and

Keyway with curve base without construction lines.
R18
R23 10
R13
5
10

+ 90
o 12.5 12.5
R6
12.5

p
50

P
12.5

30
45
o 30 30
O
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iii) Isometric projection of mechanical component
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 SMM

10.27) Fig.(i) shows the orthographic projection of a mechanical object. Draw isometric projection of the given
object.
➢Draw the isometric scale as shown in Fig.(ii).
➢Fig.(iii) depicts the isometric projection of the mechanical object.
➢Fig.(iv) depicts the isometric projection after deleting the construction lines.

Fig. (iv) Reduced size and

Keyway with flat base without construction lines.

R23 10
R13
5
10

+ 90
o 12.5 12.5
R6
12.5

p
50

P
12.5

30
45
o 30 30
O
Fig. (i) Orthographic projection Fig. (ii) Isometric Scale Fig. (iii) Isometric projection of mechanical component
Prof. S. M. Murigendrappa
 REFERENCES

• K.R. Gopalakrshina, Engineering Graphics, Subhas Publications, Bangalore, 1999.

• N.D. Bhatt, Engineering Drawing, Charotar Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 1991.