THE NACABS POLYTECHNIC AKWANGA

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Frist Semester Examination 2024/2025 Academic Session
Course: ELECTRICAL MEASUREMEN AND CONTROL
Course Code: CTE 234
Level: HNDI Time Allow: 2 30 Hours
Instruction: Attempt Four questions in all. Question one is compulsory

1. The use of _____ instruments is merely confined within laboratories as stand¬ardizing

instruments.

(a) absolute

(b) indicating

(c) recording

(d) integrating

(e) none of the above

Ans: a

2. Which of the following instruments indicate the instantaneous value of the electrical
quantity being measured at the time at which it is being measured ?

(a) Absolute instruments

(b) Indicating instruments

(c) Recording instruments

(d) Integrating instruments

Ans: b

3. _____ instruments are those which measure the total quantity of electricity delivered in a
particular time.

(a) Absolute

(b) Indicating

(c) Recording

(d) Integrating

Ans: d

4. Which of the following are integrating instruments ?

(a) Ammeters

(b) Voltmeters

(c) Wattmeters

(d) Ampere-hour and watt-hour meters

Ans: d

5. Resistances can be measured with the help of

(a) wattmeters

(b) voltmeters

(c) ammeters

(d) ohmmeters and resistance bridges

(e) all of the above

Ans: d

6 According to application, instruments are classified as

(a) switch board

(b) portable

(c) both (a) and (b)

(d) moving coil

(e) moving iron

(f) both (d) and (e)

Ans: c

7. Which of the following essential features is possessed by an indicating instrument ?

(a) Deflecting device

(b) Controlling device

(c) Damping device

(d) All of the above

Ans: d

8. A _____ device prevents the oscillation of the moving system and enables the latter to
reach its final position quickly

(a) deflecting

(b) controlling

(c) damping

(d) any of the above

Ans: c

9. The spring material used in a spring control device should have the following property.

(a) Should be non-magnetic

(b) Most be of low temperature co-efficient

(c) Should have low specific resistance

(d) Should not be subjected to fatigue

(e) All of the above Ans: e

10. Which of the following properties a damping oil must possess?

(a) Must be a good insulator

(b) Should be non-evaporating

(c) Should not have corrosive action upon the metal of the vane

(d) The viscosity of the oil should not change with the temperature

(e) All of the above Ans: e

Question2a Define instruments and mention four measuring electrical quantity?

An instrument is a device in which we can determine the magnitude or value of the quantity to
be measured.

The measuring quantity can be: 1 voltage 2 current 3 power 4 energy

Question2. What are the three forces necessary for satisfactory operation of
electromechanical indicating instrument?

ANSWER: The three necessary for satisfactory operation electromechanical indicating

instrument, are

(1) Deflecting force

(2) Controlling force

(3)Damping force

Question3a. Explain Absolute and Secondary instrument with example

ANSWER: Absolute instrument An absolute instrument determines the magnitude of the

quantity to be measured in terms of the instrument parameter. This instrument is really used,
because each time the value of the measuring quantities varies. So we have to calculate the
magnitude of the measuring quantity, analytically which is time consuming. These types of
instruments are suitable for laboratory use. Example: Tangent galvanometer.

Secondary instrument This instrument determines the value of the quantity to be measured
directly. Generally these instruments are calibrated by comparing with another standard
secondary instrument. Examples of such instruments are voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter
etc. Practically secondary instruments are suitable for measurement.

Question4a. Explain the following instrument indicating instrument, recording instrument,

and integrating instrument?

ANSWER: Indicating instrument This instrument uses a dial and pointer to determine the value of
measuring quantity. The pointer indication gives the magnitude of measuring quantity.

Recording instrument This type of instruments records the magnitude of the quantity to be measured
continuously over a specified period of time.

Integrating instrument This type of instrument gives the total amount of the quantity to be measured
over a specified period of time.

Question4b. Explain Deflecting force

ANSWER: When there is no input signal to the instrument, the pointer will be at its zero position. To
deflect the pointer from its zero position, a force is necessary which is known as deflecting force. A
system which produces the deflecting force is known as a deflecting system. Generally a deflecting
system converts an electrical signal to a mechanical force. Fig. 1.1 Pointer scale
Question4c. A 250V M.I. voltmeter has coil resistance of 500Ω, coil inductance 0f 1.04 H and series
resistance of 2kΩ. The meter reads correctively at 250V D.C. What will be the value of capacitance to
be used for shunting the series resistance to make the meter read correctly at 50HZ? What is the
reading of voltmeter on A.C. without capacitance?

Solution: 2 ( ) 41.0 RS L C = 1.0 µF 2( 10 ) 04.1 41.0 23 = × = × For A.C 2 2 ( ) Z = Rm + RSe + XL = 500( +

2000) + 314( ) = 2520Ω 2 2 Z With D.C Rtotal = 2500Ω For 2500Ω → 250V 1Ω 2500 250 → 2520Ω 2520
248V 2500 250 →

Question5a. mention 7 seven Error in M.I instrument?

ANSWER: The seven error in M.I instrument are;

1. Hysteresis error
2. Temperature error
3. Eddy current error
4. Stray field error
5. Frequency error

Question5b. Mention the Advantages and Disadvantages of Electrostatic instrument?

ANSWER: Advantages

1. It is used in both AC and DC.

2. There is no frequency error.

3. There is no hysteresis error.

4. There is no stray magnetic field error. Because the instrument works on electrostatic principle.
5. It is used for high voltage Power consumption is negligible.

Disadvantages

1. Scale is not uniform

2. Large in size Cost is more

3. Cost is more

Question5c A PMMC ammeter has the following specification Coil dimension are 1cm× 1cm. Spring
constant is 0.15 10 N m / rad 6 × − − , Flux density is 3 2 5.1 10 wb / m − × .Determine the no. of turns
required to produce a deflection of 900 when a current 2mA flows through the coil.

Solution: At steady state condition Td = TC

BANI = Kθ

BAI K N θ ⇒ = A= 4 2 1 10 m − × K= rad N − m × −6 15.0 10 B= 3 2 5.1 10 wb / m − × I= A 3 2 10− × rad 2

90 Π = = ° θ N=785

Question6a. Write the Advantage and Disadvantages of Maxwell’s inductance bridge?

ANSWER: Advantages

Expression for R1 and L1 are simple.

Equations area simple

They do not depend on the frequency (as w is cancelled)

R1 and L1 are independent of each other.

Disadvantages

Variable inductor is costly.

Variable inductor is bulky.

Question6b. Write short note on Ballastic galvanometer

ANSWER: This is a sophisticated instrument. This works on the principle of PMMC meter. The only
difference is the type of suspension is used for this meter. Lamp and glass scale method is used to obtain
the deflection. A small mirror is attached to the moving system. Phosphorous bronze wire is used for
suspension. When the D.C. voltage is applied to the terminals of moving coil, current flows through it.
When a current carrying coil kept in the magnetic field, produced by permanent magnet, it experiences
a force. The coil deflects and mirror deflects. The light spot on the glass scale also move. This deflection
is proportional to the current through the coil.

Question6c. What are the sources of error in the bridge measurements?

ANSWER: The sources of error in the bridge measurements are

1. Error due to stray capacitance and inductance.

2. Due to external field.
3. Leakage error: poor insulation between various parts of bridge can produced this error.
4. Eddy current error.
5. Frequency error.
6. Waveform error (due to harmonics)
7. Residual error: small inductance and small capacitance of the resistor produce this error.

THE NACABS POLYTECHNIC AKWANGA

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Frist Semester Examination 2024/2025 Academic Session
Course: ELECTRICAL MEASUREMEN AND CONTROL
Course Code: CTE 234
Level: HNDI Time Allow: 2 30 Hours
Instruction: Attempt Four questions in all. Question one is compulsory

1. The use of _____ instruments is merely confined within laboratories as standardizing

instruments.

(a) absolute

(b) indicating

(c) recording

(d) integrating

(e) none of the above

2. Which of the following instruments indicate the instantaneous value of the electrical
quantity being measured at the time at which it is being measured ?

(a) Absolute instruments

(b) Indicating instruments

(c) Recording instruments

(d) Integrating instruments

3. _____ instruments are those which measure the total quantity of electricity delivered
in a particular time.

(a) Absolute

(b) Indicating
(c) Recording

(d) Integrating

4. Which of the following are integrating instruments ?

(a) Ammeters

(b) Voltmeters

(c) Wattmeters

(d) Ampere-hour and watt-hour meters

5. Resistances can be measured with the help of

(a) wattmeters

(b) voltmeters

(c) ammeters

(d) ohmmeters and resistance bridges

(e) all of the above

6 According to application, instruments are classified as

(a) switch board

(b) portable

(c) both (a) and (b)

(d) moving coil

(e) moving iron

(f) both (d) and (e)

7. Which of the following essential features is possessed by an indicating instrument ?

(a) Deflecting device

 (b) Controlling device

(c) Damping device

(d) All of the above

8. A _____ device prevents the oscillation of the moving system and enables the latter to
reach its final position quickly

(a) deflecting

(b) controlling

(c) damping

(d) any of the above

9. The spring material used in a spring control device should have the following property.

(a) Should be non-magnetic

(b) Most be of low temperature co-efficient

(c) Should have low specific resistance

(d) Should not be subjected to fatigue

10. Which of the following properties a damping oil must possess ?

(a) Must be a good insulator

(b) Should be non-evaporating

(c) Should not have corrosive action upon the metal of the vane

(d) The viscosity of the oil should not change with the temperature

Question2a Define instruments and mention four measuring electrical quantity?

Question2. What are the three forces necessary for satisfactory operation of
electromechanical indicating instrument?
Question3a. Explain Absolute and Secondary instrument with example

Question4a. Explain the following instrument indicating instrument, recording instrument,

and integrating instrument?

Question4b. Explain Deflecting force

Question4c. A 250V M.I. voltmeter has coil resistance of 500Ω, coil inductance 0f 1.04 H and series
resistance of 2kΩ. The meter reads correctively at 250V D.C. What will be the value of capacitance to
be used for shunting the series resistance to make the meter read correctly at 50HZ? What is the
reading of voltmeter on A.C. without capacitance?

Question5a. mention 7 seven Error in M.I instrument?

Question5b. Mention the Advantages and Disadvantages of Electrostatic instrument?

Question5c A PMMC ammeter has the following specification Coil dimension are 1cm× 1cm. Spring
constant is 0.15 10 N m / rad 6 × − − , Flux density is 3 2 5.1 10 wb / m − × .Determine the no. of turns
required to produce a deflection of 900 when a current 2mA flows through the coil.

Question6a. Write the Advantage and Disadvantages of Maxwell’s inductance bridge?

Question6b. Write short note on Ballastic galvanometer

Question6c. What are the sources of error in the bridge measurements?