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UNIT -VII
INTERNET & INTRODUCTION TO VARIOUS DEVICES AND TOOLS
Computer Network
 A computer network links computers to share resources.
 Computers use common rules (protocols) to communicate.
 The connection uses different methods like:
o Wired cables (physical)
o Optical cables (light-based)
o Wireless radio waves.
Internet Definition:
 The Internet is a worldwide network that connects computers globally.
 It uses TCP/IP (Internet Protocol) to send and receive data.
 Every computer has a unique IP address (e.g., 110.22.33.114).
 DNS (Domain Name Server) changes IP addresses into names like www.google.com,
making websites easy to find.
 The Internet can be used on wired or wireless devices anywhere in the world.
WWW - World Wide Web (Web):
 The World Wide Web (WWW), or the Web, is an information system on the Internet.
 Documents and resources on the Web are identified by URLs (e.g.,
https://www.example.com).
 These resources are linked by hypertext and can be accessed using a web browser.
 Tim Berners-Lee invented the Web in 1989 and created the first web browser in 1990
while working at CERN in Switzerland.
 The browser was shared with other researchers in January 1991 and made available to
the public in August 1991.
 The Web is a key part of the Information Age and is the main tool billions of people use
to interact on the Internet.
 Web pages are written in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and often include text,
images, videos, audio, and links.
 Hyperlinks in web pages allow users to move between different resources using URLs.
Difference between the Internet and (WWW) World Wide Web:
Difference between Internet and Web:
 The Internet is a global system of networks.
 The Web is a collection of linked documents and media available on the Internet.
History of Internet
960s : ARPANET (first prototype network), funded by the US Department of Defense.
1970s : TCP/IP was developed by Robert Kahn & Vinton Cerf to standardise data transmission.
1983 : ARPANET adopted TCP/IP, starting the "network of networks."
1990 : Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web to access data using websites and
hyperlinks.
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Internet Components
IP (Internet Protocol): The system used to identify devices (e.g., IPv4, IPv6).
Communications: Includes services like email, video calls, file sharing, gaming, and social
networking.
Examples: Email, online shopping, financial services, social networking, etc.
Write any two uses of internet. Feb-2024, Jan-16
USES OF INTERNET
 Email: about 85% of internet users send and receive emails. Around 20 million emails
are sent every week.
 Research: find information on various topics.
 Downloading files: get files from the internet.
 Discussion groups: join public forums like usenet or private mailing lists.
 Interactive games: many people play games online.
 Education & self-improvement: take online courses and workshops.
 Friendship & dating: find "personals" or meet new people.
 News & magazines: access news, weather, and sports updates online.
 Job-hunting: look for jobs, especially in tech.
 Shopping: visit online stores or "amazon and flipkart."
What is data communication? Explain the various types of computer networks Feb-2024
Data Communications

 The information to be sent. Examples: Text, pictures, sound, video.

 The device that sends the message. Examples: Computer, phone, workstation.
 The device that receives the message. Examples: Computer, phone, workstation.
 The path the message travels through. Examples: Wires, cables, radio waves.
 Rules for communication. Ensures devices understand each other.
What is Computer network? Mar-22, Oct-22
Computer Network

 Device Interconnection: It connects computers, servers, and devices together.

 Resource Sharing: Enables sharing of files, printers, and internet connections.

 Data Transmission: Facilitates data exchange and communication between devices.

 Remote Access: Allows users to access resources from different locations.

 Types: Includes LANs (Local Area Networks) and WANs (Wide Area Networks).
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Explain the different types of Computer Networks. Jan-17, Dec-17, Mar-22, Feb-23
TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

1. Personal Area Network (PAN)

2. Local Area Network (LAN)
3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
4. Wide Area Network (WAN)
5. Campus Area Network (CAN)
6. Home Area Networks (HAN)
PAN: Personal Area Network.
Definition: A network for personal devices within a small range (usually a few meters).
Examples:
 Connecting a smartphone to a Bluetooth speaker.
 A smartwatch syncing with a smartphone.
Technologies Used: Bluetooth, USB, Infrared.
LAN: Local Area Network

 A LAN is a privately owned network within a single location, such as an office, building, or campus,
covering a distance of a few kilometres.
 The main purpose of a LAN is to share resources like printers, files, and software.
 A LAN can connect just a few devices, like a couple of PCs and a printer.
 The range of a LAN is limited to a few kilometres.
 Resources shared in a LAN include hardware (e.g., printers) and software (e.g., programs or
data).
 One computer may have a large hard disk and act as a server, while others are clients or
workstations.
 Common network topologies for LANs are bus, ring, and star.
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MAN: Metropolitan Area Network

 City-Scale Network: MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network, covering a larger
geographic area than a LAN but smaller than a WAN.
 Metropolitan Coverage: Spans a city or a metropolitan area, connecting multiple LANs
across a broader region.
 High-Speed Connectivity: Offers high-speed data transfer within the metropolitan area,
often using fiber-optic cables.
 Public or Private: Can be owned and operated by a single organization or shared
among multiple organizations and service providers.
 Internet Backbone: Sometimes used as part of the infrastructure for internet backbone
connections within a city.
 Examples: Cable TV networks, large university campuses, and city-wide Wi-Fi are
examples of MANs.
What is WAN? Aug-23

WAN: Wide Area Network

 Extensive Coverage: WAN stands for Wide Area Network, covering large geographic
areas, even spanning across countries or continents.
 Vast Distance: Connects multiple LANs and MANs over long distances, often using
public telecommunication infrastructure.
 Low Data Transfer Speed: Generally has lower data transfer speeds compared to LANs
and MANs due to longer distances.
 Public and Private: Can be public (using the internet) or private (leased lines),
depending on the organization's needs.
 Global Connectivity: Enables global communication and data exchange, vital for
multinational organizations.
 Examples: The internet itself is a massive WAN, and corporate WANs can connect
offices worldwide.
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What are some of the factors that determine whether a communication system LAN or
WAN? Feb-23, Jun-19

Factors determining whether a communication system is LAN and WAN:

Factor LAN (Local Area Network) WAN (Wide Area Network)

Geographical Covers a small area (home, office, Covers a large area (cities,
Area school) countries)
Owned by a single organization or Often owned by multiple
Ownership
individual organizations
Speed Generally faster speeds Slower speeds compared to LAN
Cost Lower setup and maintenance costs Higher costs due to infrastructure
More complex with routers and
Complexity Simpler to set up and manage
long-distance connections
Data transfer rates can vary and
Data Transfer Supports high data transfer rates
are generally lower than LAN

What is topology? Jun-19, Feb-23

Definition: The layout of connected
devices in a computer network.
Purpose: Shows how devices are
connected and how data travels between
them.
Types of Network Topology
 Mesh Topology
 Ring Topology
 Star Topology
 Bus Topology
 Tree Topology
What is meant by Blog? Jan-16
Blogs:
 A blog (short for "weblog") is an online journal where posts appear in reverse order, with
the newest posts at the top.
 It is a platform for writers or groups of writers to share their views on a specific topic.
Blog Structure:
 Header: Contains the menu or navigation bar.
 Main Content Area: Shows the latest blog posts.
 Sidebar: Displays social profiles, popular content, or calls to action.
 Footer: Includes important links like the privacy policy or contact page.
 These features help visitors navigate the blog.
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What are the benefits of blogs in the education field? Mar-22
Blogger:
A blogger is someone who runs a blog and shares their opinions and knowledge on
different topics to reach a target audience.
Viewing a Web Page:
 Everything you see online is stored on a server—a computer that sends information
when you request it by typing a web address or clicking a link.
 Web pages and documents are stored on servers and accessed using a web browser.
 Popular web browsers include Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, and Safari.
 A web browser is a software on your computer that allows you to read and view web
pages.
 To access a website, type its address into the address bar of the browser.
What do you mean by publishing the web? Jun-15
Publishing the Web means putting information online so that anyone can see it. Here's a simple
explanation:
 What it is: Sharing files, images, videos, or text on the internet.
 How it's done: Using a website, blog, or social media.
 Purpose: To inform, share ideas, sell products, or communicate.
 Tools needed: Internet, a computer or smartphone, and a platform (e.g., WordPress).
 Examples: Uploading videos on YouTube, writing blogs, or creating a personal website
How will you upload and download from a website? Jan-17
Uploading & Downloading Files
Uploading and Downloading from a website means transferring files between your device and
the internet. Here's a simple explanation:
Uploading
 What it is: Sending files from your device to a website.
 How to do it:
1. Open the website.
2. Look for an "Upload" button.
3. Select the file from your device and click "Upload."
Downloading
 What it is: Saving files from a website to your device.
 How to do it:
1. Open the website.
2. Click on the "Download" button or link.
3. Choose where to save the file on your device.
4. Use Ctrl + J after downloading to quickly find your file.
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IP Address

Topic Description
An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique number for each device on a
IP Address network. It helps identify devices and their locations for data transfer on the
internet.
Common default IP addresses include "192.168.1.1" and "192.168.0.1."
Default IP
Example: "142.250.193.36" corresponds to www.google.com.
A domain name is an easy-to-remember address used to access websites,
Domain
instead of numerical IP addresses. It usually has two main parts: the name
Name
and the extension (e.g., .com, .org).

1. Domain Label: This is the specific name chosen by the owner or administrator of the
website. For example, in the domain "cceindia.com," "cceinida" is the domain label.
2. Top-Level Domain (TLD): This is the last part of the domain, such as ".com," ".org,"
".net," ".edu," ".gov," and many others. It categorizes and identifies the type or purpose
of the website. In "cceindia" ".com" is the TLD.
TLDs and Their Explanations
.com - Commercial
.org - Organization
.net - Network
.edu - Education
.gov - Government
.mil - Military
.info - Information
.co - Company
.in - India
.uk - United Kingdom
What is URL?Jan-17, Jul-17,
Dec-17, Oct-22
Definition of URL or Web- Addressing
 A website address is also called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator).
 A URL shows the location of a file, directory, or web page on the Internet or intranet.
 URLs can represent:
 The home page of a website.
 A script, image, video, or other file stored on a server.
 They allow users to view, process, or download files from the server.
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What are the different types of internet connections? Dec-18, Jun-18
Different Types of Internet Connections
There are many ways a personal electronic device can connect to the internet.
Types of Internet Connections:
1. Dial-Up Connection (Analog 56K - Low Speed Internet Connection)
o Uses a phone line to connect to the Internet.
o Users cannot make or receive phone calls while online.
o It is an older and slower type of connection, now mostly outdated.
2. Broadband (128kbs to 8 Mbps - High Speed Internet Connection)
o A high-speed Internet connection using cable or telephone lines.
o Can transfer large amounts of data quickly using multiple channels.
o Examples: DSL and cable connections.
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
o Sends data, voice, and video through digital or standard telephone lines.
o Requires an ISDN adapter at both ends of the connection.
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
o Uses the existing telephone line for Internet while allowing phone calls
simultaneously.
o Provides a steady and reliable connection.
Cable
o Connects to the Internet using cable TV lines and a cable modem.
o Offers very fast Internet speeds, suitable for streaming and gaming.
3. Wireless
Wireless internet connections allow devices to connect to the internet without using
cables.
Wi-Fi Hotspots
o Provides Internet access without wires through Wi-Fi hotspots.
o Hotspots can be free or commercial and allow wireless connections using radio
waves.
WiMAX
o A wireless broadband technology similar to Wi-Fi but with higher speeds and
longer range.
o Works well in areas where cables cannot reach.
Satellite
o Ideal for remote areas where broadband is unavailable.
o Uses a satellite dish and a modem for Internet access.
Mobile Internet
o Offered by mobile service providers with Internet data plans.
o Allows Internet access on smartphones and other mobile devices.
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ISP - Internet Service Provider
 ISP: Stands for Internet Service Provider.
 Purpose: Provides access to the internet for people and businesses.
 Examples: Companies like AT, BSNL, and Vodafone.
 Services: Often includes internet, email, and web hosting.
Web Hosting

1. Service that stores and makes websites accessible on the internet.

2. Hosts website files, databases, and resources on servers.
3. Allows websites to be viewed globally.
4. Various types include shared, VPS, dedicated, and cloud hosting.
5. Provided by web hosting companies.
6. Requires domain registration for website identification.

What is naming convention? Feb-2024

This naming convention, introduced by the Wi-Fi Alliance, simplifies communication for
consumers by using generational labels instead of technical IEEE standard names
 802.11n technology will be referred to as Wi-Fi 4
 802.11ac technology will be referred to as Wi-Fi 5
 802.11ax technology will be referred to as Wi-Fi 6

Define web browser? Oct-22, Aug-2023

Define Web browser. Discuss the types of web browser and its functions. Jul-17, Mar-22
What is a Web Browser ? what are the different browser available? Dec- 17

Web Browsers and its types, Internet Browsing

 A web browser is software to open websites on the World Wide Web (WWW).
 It connects the user’s computer (client) to the web server to get information.
 Browsers display websites written in HTML with text, images, and links.
 Examples: Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox, Safari.
 Browsers work on a client-server model, where the client asks the server for data.
 They help us search and view information on the Internet.
 Web Browsers Example
o Internet Explorer (Edge)
o Google Chrome
o Mozilla Firefox
o Safari
o Opera
o Netscape
o Konqueror
o Lynx
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Types of Web Browsers.

Browser Description
Internet Explorer Made by Microsoft; launched in 1995. Was once the most popular
(IE) or Edge browser.
Made by Google; first released in 2008. Now one of the most widely
Google Chrome
used browsers.
Developed from Mozilla; launched in 2004. Very popular as the second
Mozilla Firefox
most-used browser.
Developed by Apple; launched in 2003. Common on Mac computers;
Safari
supports modern tech like XHTML and CSS.
A lightweight, fast browser with many features (e.g., zoom, multiple
Opera windows). Good for new internet users and suitable for CDs and
kiosks.
An Open Source browser supporting HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
Konqueror
Works as both a web browser and file manager for UNIX systems.
A text-only browser for Unix and other command-line systems. Useful
Lynx
for low-resource systems and non-graphical environments.

Define Search engine. Jun-19, Dec-18, Mar-22, Feb-2024

Search Engines:
 Search engines are used daily to find answers to questions, such as:
o Researching gift ideas.
o Finding the nearest coffee shop open early.
o Locating the best restaurants in town.
 People rely more and more on search engines for everyday queries.
 At Inspire, we track search traffic using analytics to understand user behaviour.
 Most search queries we monitor are related to our services, such as:
o Improving search rankings.
o Web design and development.
 Search engines play a major role in driving visitors to websites.
 Even though multiple methods are used to attract customers, search engines remain a
key source of website traffic.
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Types of Web Search Engines.
Search Engine Description
The best and most popular search engine. Holds about 70% of the
Google market share. Always improving its algorithm for better results. YouTube
is more popular than Google on desktop as of 2015.
Launched by Microsoft in 2009. Default search engine in Microsoft’s web
Bing browser. Offers image, web, and video search, plus maps. Introduced
Places for businesses to improve search visibility.
Competes with Bing but has a smaller market share (7.68%). Known for
Yahoo being a free email provider, but this service is declining. Recently
suffered a data breach affecting user accounts.
Once a leading search engine, now holds 0.59% market share.
Originally known as Control Video Corporation in 1983. Became
AOL
America Online in 1991 and changed to AOL Inc. in 2009. Offers
advertising services, email, and other platforms.

TERMS USED IN NETWORKING

Node: A device connected to a network. Example: A computer connected to the internet.

Protocol: A set of rules for communication between devices on a network.
Layer: One of the seven levels in the OSI model for data transmission. Each layer handles
different tasks.
Broadcasting: Sending a message to all devices in a network at once.
Client: A program or device that receives information or resources from a server.
Server: A program that provides services or resources to other devices (clients).
Web Portals Are About Personalized Access
 A portal is a website that gathers information from many sources into one place.
 It gives users relevant information based on their needs and role.
 Early portals solved the problem of content discovery by acting as curated content
hubs.
 Modern portals are platforms that enhance personalized digital experiences for users.
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Types of Portals:
 Patient Portals: For accessing medical records and health services.
 Government Portals: For public services and information.
 Workplace Portals: For employee tools like timesheets and internal communications.
 Knowledge Portals: For managing and sharing information.
 Student Portals: For academic resources and assignments.
 Vendor Portals: For business transactions and partnerships.
Type of Internet Protocol

Type of
Description
Protocol
FTP File Transfer Protocol - Used for transferring files between computers.
HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - Used for transmitting web pages on the internet.
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure - A secure version of HTTP for secure
HTTPS
communication.
Transmission Control Protocol - Ensures reliable delivery of data across
TCP
networks.
Internet Protocol - Handles addressing and routing of data packets on the
IP
internet.
User Datagram Protocol - A faster, connectionless protocol for data
UDP
transmission.
POP Post Office Protocol - Used by email clients to retrieve emails from a server.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - Used for sending emails from a client to a
SMTP
server.
Telnet A protocol used for accessing remote computers over the internet.
An early protocol for distributing, searching, and retrieving documents on the
Gopher
internet.
What is FTP? Jun-15
FTP - File Transfer Protocol

 Standard network protocol.

 Used for transferring files between computers on a network.
 Typically involves an FTP client and server.
 Supports uploading, downloading, and managing files.
 Commonly used for website maintenance and file sharing.
 Provides a secure variant called FTPS (FTP Secure).
Social Networking Sites:
 A social networking site is an online platform where users can create a public profile
and interact with others.
 Users can connect with people they know by adding them to their list.
 After adding people, the user can choose to confirm or deny the connection.
 Once connections are made, users can search for more people through their network.
 Also called social networking websites or social websites.
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 Popular Sites: Some of the most popular social networking sites are Facebook,
YouTube, WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter, and Pinterest..
Social Networking Icons

Popular Social Networking Site.

Social Active
Description
Networking Site Users
Users create profiles, share information, send messages,
Facebook and post status updates on their walls. It was renamed 2.9 billion+
Meta in 2021.
A video-sharing website where users upload, share, and
YouTube 2 billion+
post videos and vlogs.
A messaging app that allows text messages, video and
WhatsApp 2 billion+
voice calls, and document sharing.
A platform for sharing photos and videos. Primarily for
Instagram iOS and Android, but also available on desktop. Owned 2 billion+
by Meta.
Users share thoughts and opinions in "tweets" of up to
Twitter 436 million+
280 characters.
A site for saving and organizing online resources through
Pinterest 431 million+
"tagging."

Explain the operations that can be performed on an e-mail. Aug-23

CONCEPT OF E-MAIL (Electronic Mail)
Email, short for Electronic Mail, is a method of exchanging digital messages and
documents over the internet or other computer networks. Key aspects of the concept of email
include:
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Reading Email:
 Every email program has an interface to view messages.
 In Gmail, emails are stored in tabs like Primary, Social, and Promotions.
 Click on a tab to see a list of emails in that category.
 To read an email, just click on it.
 If there are attachments, they are shown at the bottom of the email with an option to
download them.
Replying to Email:
 To reply to an email, click the Reply button at the bottom of the email.
 The sender's email address will automatically appear in the To field.
 Type your message in the text box below the To field.
 When you finish, click Send to send the email.
Saving Email:
 In Gmail and Yahoo, emails are automatically saved as drafts to avoid losing data if the
connection is interrupted.
 To save a draft quickly in Gmail:
o Stop typing for 3 seconds, and Gmail will automatically save it.
o Or press the Esc key to save immediately and close the email.
 The saved draft will appear in the Drafts folder in the left column of Gmail.
 When you're ready, open the draft from the Drafts folder and continue editing before
clicking Send.
Printing Email:
1. Open the email you want to print.
2. Click the Printer icon at the top-right of the email.
o Or, right-click on the email and select Print from the menu.
o You can also use the Ctrl + P shortcut.
3. The Print dialog will appear.
o Choose the printer (e.g. electronic printer, cloud printer, PDF, or OneNote) you
want to print to.
Forwarding Email:
 You can send a copy of the received email with your own comments using the Forward
button.
 Replying sends the message back to the sender, but Forwarding lets you send the email
to anyone else.
 Forwarded emails have a > symbol before each line, and the Subject field starts with Fw.
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Deleting Email:
 If you don't want to keep an email, select it and click Delete or use the appropriate key
command.
 Some email clients move deleted emails to a Deleted Items or Trash folder, where you
can recover them if needed.
Composing and Sending Email:
 When composing an email, you need to fill in the following:
o To: Sender’s address
o Cc (Carbon Copy): If needed
o Bcc (Blind Carbon Copy): If needed
o Subject: The topic of the email
o Text: The message
o Signature: Your name or sign-off
 Make sure to enter the correct email address to avoid errors.
 Once everything is filled in, click the Send button. The email is then sent to the server,
and you will see a message saying "Mail sent successfully."
Viewing and Running File Attachments:
Attaching Files to an Email:
 To attach a file, click the Attach button.
 A box will appear asking you to select the file you want to attach.
 Choose the file (e.g. Word document, PowerPoint, image, etc.), and it will be attached to
the email.
Viewing and Downloading Attachments:
 Log in to your email account, and open the inbox.
 If an email has an attachment, click on it.
 To download the file, click the Download button, select a folder, and click Save.
Addressing with Cc and Bcc:
 Cc (Carbon Copy): Sends a copy of the email to additional recipients, and everyone can
see who else received it.
 Bcc (Blind Carbon Copy): Sends a copy to additional recipients, but others cannot see
who else received it.
 Both fields are used to add email addresses of people you want to send the email to, but
they have different privacy settings.
What is trash? Dec-18
Trash
 A temporary storage folder for deleted emails.
 Acts as a safety net before emails are permanently deleted.
 Users can review and recover emails from this folder if needed.
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Write the steps to create E-Mail Id. Feb-2024, Jan-16
Explain in detail about creating and sending an E-Mail Jun-15

To create an email ID, follow these very short steps:

Step 1: Choose an email service provider (e.g., Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo).
Step 2: Go to the provider's website.
Step 3: Click on "Sign Up" or "Create Account."
Step 4: Fill out the required information (name, username, password).
Step 5: Follow the on-screen prompts to complete the registration.
Step 6: Verify your email address (typically by clicking a link sent to an alternative email or
via SMS).
Step 7: Your email ID is now created and ready for use.
How will you attach files to your mail? What are the issues to be considered while
attaching files? Jul-17
Explain the procedures for creating an email-Id and to attach files. Dec-17

To send an email with an attachment in E-mail

Step 1: Open Gmail: Log in to your Gmail account.

Step 2: Click "Compose": In the upper left corner, click the "Compose" button to start a
new email.

Step 3: Add Recipient: Enter the recipient's email address in the "To" field.

Step 4: Subject (Optional): Type a subject for your email in the "Subject" field.

Step 5: Add Message (Optional): Type your email message in the main text area.

Step 6: Attach File: Click the paperclip icon (Attach files) to select and attach the file(s)
you want to send. Navigate to the file on your computer and click "Open."

Step 7: Send Email: Click the "Send" button to send the email with the attached file(s).

That's it! Your email with the attachment will be sent to the recipient.
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Email
Example: [email protected]
Address
From Sender E-Mail Address (Automatically filled)
Receiver E-Mail ID (Primary receivers)
Primary contact/s
To
Used for emailing individual or multiple contacts
Email addresses viewable by all
Carbon Copy (Secondary receivers)
Secondary contact/s
CC
Used for emailing individual or multiple contacts
Email addresses viewable by all
Blind Carbon Copy (Third party receivers),
Tertiary contact/s
BCC
Used for emailing individual or multiple contact
Email addresses viewable only by the sender (Hide Recipients)
Subject Short information about the content
Body Brief information about the content
Attachments Files such as photos, videos, or documents included

What are the advantages of E-Mail? Jan-17, Jul-17

1. Speed and Efficiency: Email enables rapid communication, making it a quick and
efficient means of sharing information.
2. Cost-Effective: It is a cost-effective method of communication, especially for long-
distance or international exchanges.
3. Accessibility: Emails can be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection,
enhancing convenience and global reach.

Introduction to various devices & Applications (Electronic Gadgets) Electronic Gadgets

(Other than the computers)
 Mobile Phones: Handheld communication devices.
 Tablet Computers: Portable computers with touchscreens, no physical keyboard.
 E-readers: Devices specifically designed for reading digital books (e-books).
 Storage Devices: Devices like flash drives for storing data.
Mobile Phones (Smartphones):

 Functionality: Smartphones are more powerful than regular cell phones. They allow
internet access, email, web browsing, and online shopping.
 Touchscreen: Smartphones use touch-sensitive screens without physical keyboards.
 Other Features: They come with digital cameras, music and video players, and more,
often replacing other electronics like old laptops or digital cameras.
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Write any two applications of smart phones. Jan-16
 Making Calls: Smartphones are primarily used for voice communication.
 Social Media: Smartphones are commonly used for accessing social media platforms
like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.
Tablet Computers:
 Portability: Like laptops, tablets are portable but have no physical keyboard or
touchpad. You interact with the touch-sensitive screen.
 Limited Functionality: Tablets may not do everything a traditional computer can, so
many people still use desktops or laptops alongside tablets.
Write any two applications using Tablets. Jun-18
 Reading eBooks: Tablets offer a comfortable screen size for reading digital books and
magazines.
 Watching Movies/TV: With larger screens, tablets are great for streaming videos and
movies.
E-Readers:
 Purpose: E-readers are mainly used for reading e-books (digital books). Examples
include Amazon Kindle, Nook, and Kobo.
 Display: They use e-ink screens, making it easy to read in bright sunlight, like a regular
book.
 Alternative Devices: You can also read e-books on tablets, smartphones, laptops, or
desktops.
Storage Devices
 Definition: Devices used to store data.
 Example: Flash drives.
 Function: Store files like documents, photos, videos, etc.
 Portability: Small and easy to carry.
Differentiate tablet from smart phone. Jan-16, Dec-17, Jun-19
Tablet & Smartphone
Tablets and smartphones are both portable electronic devices with touchscreens and
similar capabilities, but they serve different primary purposes and have distinct characteristics:
Feature Tablet Smartphone
Size Larger, typically 7 to 10 inches or more. Smaller, usually around 4 inches.
Bigger screens are practical for Smaller screens for easy
Screen
multimedia. portability.
Some apps only work on tablets due to Some apps may not work on
Applications
screen size. small screens.
Network
WiFi, 3G in some high-end models. WiFi and 3G/4G are standard.
Connectivity
Not primarily for communication (not for Primary function is for
Main Use
calls). communication (calls).
Some models support calls or SMS, but
Calls & SMS Always supports calls and SMS.
not all.
Very portable, easy to carry in
Portability Less portable due to larger size.
pockets.
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Mobile Apps
Describe briefly about UC browsers and Skype. Mar-22
What is UC Browser? Jun-19
write short notes on: (I) WhatsApp (II) UC Browser Jun-18
Write notes on: (1) Maps (ii) Skype. Jan-17
Application/Software Description
A web browser by UCWeb, part of Alibaba Group. It's known
for fast page loading, data compression, ad blocking, cloud
sync, and customizable themes.
UC Browser
- Offers a night mode for comfortable reading in low light.
- Provides a built-in download manager for easier file
downloads.
A communication platform for voice and video calls, instant
messaging, and file sharing. It offers free and paid services for
personal and business use.
Skype
- Supports group video calls for up to 50 participants.
- Allows screen sharing and collaborative document editing
during calls.
A popular messaging app for smartphones, known for text,
multimedia messaging, voice/video calls, and group chats. It
has end-to-end encryption for privacy.
WhatsApp
- Offers features like status updates and broadcast
messaging.
- Allows sharing of location and contacts easily within chats.
A web-based mapping service by Google, offering interactive
maps, satellite imagery, directions, traffic updates, and
location services for navigation.
Google Maps
- Users can create personalized lists of favorite places.
- Provides reviews and ratings for businesses, helping users
make informed choices.
Remote desktop and collaboration software for accessing
remote computers, sharing screens, and real-time project
collaboration. Used for IT support and meetings.
TeamViewer - Offers file transfer capabilities for easy sharing between
devices.
- Supports cross-platform access, allowing connections
between different operating systems.
Malicious software that infects computers and networks,
causing damage or data theft. Antivirus software detects and
removes viruses; safe computing practices help prevent
Virus infections.
- Types of viruses include trojans, worms, and ransomware.
- Regularly updating antivirus software and operating systems
is crucial for protection.
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Antivirus
Definition: Antivirus software protects computers from viruses and malware.
Function: It scans for threats, updates its database, and provides real-time protection.
Prevention: Helps users prevent and remove harmful software.
Importance: Regular updates and using trusted antivirus software are essential for keeping
computers secure.
Recommendation: Always choose reputable antivirus programs for the best protection.
• AVG
• K7
• McAfee.
• Norton.
• Kaspersky.
• Ad Aware.
Applications of Google forms, Google sheets, Google Slides
Write the applications of Google Form. Oct-22
Explain about the applications of Google Forms and Google Sheets. Feb-23
Applications of Google Forms (Similar to Access or Base)
Surveys for Learning
 Used to create surveys for educational
purposes.
Different Question Types
 Allows asking various types of questions
like:
o Text, Paragraph Text, Multiple
Choice, Checkboxes, Choose from a
list, Scale, Grid, Date, Time.
Data Validation
 Options to control and validate data
entry.
Professional Themes
 Create attractive forms using built-in
themes.
Data Collection Methods
 Forms can be shared in multiple ways:
o Directly in an email for quick
responses.
o Through a web link for online answers.
o Embedded in blogs or websites for easy access.
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Write the applications of Google Sheets and Explain. Aug-23
Applications of Google Sheets (Similar to Excel or Cals)
Editing
 Allows multiple users to edit a spreadsheet at the same time.
 Changes are saved automatically.
 Includes a chat feature for real-time discussions.
Explore Feature
 Uses machine learning to provide extra tools.
 Helps create charts, pivot tables, and color formatting.
 Users can ask questions about the data.
Offline Editing
 Spreadsheets can be edited without an internet connection.
 Works on desktop and mobile apps.
Supported File Formats
 Can open, edit, and save many file types, such as:
o .xlsx, .xls, .csv, .ods, .tsv, .xltx
 Easily converts these formats to Google Sheets.
Integration with Google Products
 Works with Google Forms, Google Translate, Google Finance, and Google Drawings.
 Example: Import Google Form responses into Google Sheets.
Applications of Google Slides (Similar to PowePoint or Impress)
 Using Google Slides, we can create Lectures and Presentations
 It is used to create Pre-Class Slides for the Flipped Classroom
 Possible to create Animated Diagrams and Demonstrations
 We can conduct Polls and Assessment Check-Ins between the lecture
 It is possible to design Posters and Display Work in a Digital Gallery or Poster Session
 Used to Create Illustrations by Adding Slides to Google Sites, a Blog, or Canvas
 It is having features like Sticky Note Board and Interactive Notebooks
 Provides features to Lock the Background of a Slide
Write the steps to scan an image using scanner. Oct-22
Step 1: Open Devices and Printers
1. Click on the Start menu.
2. Type "devices and printers" in the search bar.
3. Press Enter to open the Devices and Printers window.
Step 2: Select Your Scanner
1. In the Devices and Printers window, find your scanner or printer.
2. Right-click on the scanner.
3. Click on Start Scan from the options that appear.
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Scanning Image using Scanner and edit it using tools available
Edit Using Tools in Windows
1. Scanner Interface:
o The interface is similar to older scanning tools.
o You can preview the document before scanning.
o Crop the document if needed.
o Adjust the resolution (e.g., 300dpi for photos).
o Choose the file format (JPEG, PNG, PDF).
o Select the save location.
o Once ready, click Scan to scan the document.
o After scanning, review the document for edits.
Edit Using Tools in Linux
1. Simple Scan:
o Simple Scan is a lightweight scanning tool available in many Linux distros.
o It allows quick scanning with options to:
 Rotate or crop the scanned image.
 Save the scan as JPG, PNG, or PDF.
o It uses 300dpi for photos and 150dpi for text by default.
o You can change these settings in the preferences menu.
o Simple Scan is often the default scanner app on Linux systems with the GNOME
desktop.
Useful Website
Particulars Website or URL
Voter ID https://www.nvsp.in
Passport www.passportindia.gov.in
https://www.onlineservices.nsdl.com
PAN Card
https://www.pan.utiitsl.com
Aadhaar Card https://uidai.gov.in
Family Card https://www.tnpds.gov.in
Driving License https://parivahan.gov.in
Indian Railway Booking https://www.irctc.co.in
Tamil Nadu Government https://www.tn.gov.in
Indian Government https://www.india.gov.in
Indian Postal https://www.indiapost.gov.in
SSC (Staff Selection Commission) https://ssc.nic.in
TNPSC www.tnpsc.gov.in
E-Library https://www.wikipedia.org
Directorate of Technical Education http://www.tndte.gov.in
Employment Office http://tnvelaivaaippu.gov.in/Empower
Right to Information Service (RTI) https://rtionline.gov.in
https://tndtegteonline.in/
TNDTE- Directorate of Technical Education
https://dte.tn.gov.in
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Abbreviations
Abbreviation Full Form Abbreviation Full Form
Advanced Research Projects
ASP Active Server Pages ARPANET
Agency Network
Dynamic Hypertext
DHTML DNA Dynamic Network Analysis
Markup Language
DL Download DLL Dynamic Link Library
DNS Domain Name System E-mail Electronic Mail
Enterprise Resource
ERP IE Internet Explorer
Planning
International Organization for
IP Internet Protocol ISO
Standardization
ISP Internet Service Provider FTTP Fiber To The Premises
FTP File Transfer Protocol GPS Global Positioning System
General Packet Radio
GPRS GSM Global System Mobile
Service
Hypertext Markup
HTML HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Language
Hypertext Transfer
HTTPS IT Information Technology
Protocol Secure
JDK Java Development Kit JEE Java Enterprise Edition
JDS Java Desktop System LAN Local Area Network
Metropolitan Area Multipurpose Internet Mail
MAN MIME
Network Extension
Transmission Control Protocol
PAN Personal Area Network TCP/IP
/ Internet Protocol
URL Uniform Resource Locator URN Uniform Resource Name
WAN Wide Area Network WWW World Wide Web

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***Good Luck***

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