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The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Lecture

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins, highlighting the processes of DNA replication, transcription, and translation. DNA serves as the genetic blueprint, RNA acts as a messenger, and proteins are the functional products essential for life. Key enzymes involved in DNA replication include DNA helicase, RNA primase, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase.

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Charisse Capillas
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12 views4 pages

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Lecture

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins, highlighting the processes of DNA replication, transcription, and translation. DNA serves as the genetic blueprint, RNA acts as a messenger, and proteins are the functional products essential for life. Key enzymes involved in DNA replication include DNA helicase, RNA primase, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase.

Uploaded by

Charisse Capillas
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

In molecular biology, central dogma illustrates the flow of genetic


information from DNA to RNA to protein. It is defined as a process in which the
information in DNA is converted into a functional product.

It is suggested that the information present in a DNA is essential to make up all


proteins and RNA acts as a messenger that carries information through the
ribosomes.

Central Dogma Definition

“Central dogma is the process in which the genetic information flows from
DNA to RNA, to make a functional product protein. “

What is Central Dogma?

The central dogma illustrates the flow of genetic information in cells, the DNA
replication, and coding for the RNA through the transcription process and further
RNA codes for the proteins by translation.

DNA, RNA AND PROTEINS


DNA
- is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and
functioning of an organism.
- DNA is made of two linked strands that wind around each other to
resemble a twisted ladder — a shape known as a double helix.

RNA
- is a molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and
viruses. It is made up of nucleotides, which are ribose sugars attached to
nitrogenous bases and phosphate groups.
- What exactly does RNA do?
- Roles of RNA in Biology - RNA Therapeutics Institute
- RNA carries out a broad range of functions, from translating genetic
information into the molecular machines and structures of the cell to
regulating the activity of genes during development, cellular
differentiation, and changing environments.

PROTEIN
- Are the final products in the central dogma of molecular biology.
- They are called the building blocks of life because they have diverse
functions in the body.
- helps repair and build your body's tissues.

BASIS OF
DNA RNA
COMPARISON

Stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid Ribonucleic Acid

Number of Strands
2 strands 1 strand

Location in the Cell


Nucleus Cytoplasm

Sugar Group Deoxyribose Ribose

Nitrogenous Base Adenine – Thymine Adenine – Uracil


Pair Cytosine – Guanine Cytosine - Guanine

DNA REPLICATION

- In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing


two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. DNA
replication occurs in all living organisms acting as the most essential part
of biological inheritance.
Why DNA replicate?
- To produce a copy of the genetic material that will be transferred to new
cells during mitosis or to new gametes during meiosis.

TRANSCRIPTION

- Uses DNA template to create mRNA (messenger RNA)


- The function of DNA POLYMERASE during transcription is to
synthesize RNA from DNA
TRANSLATION

- Uses genetic information from the mRNA to form polypeptides: chain of


amino acids to form proteins
- the process through which information encoded in messenger RNA
(mRNA) directs the addition of amino acids during protein synthesis.

Enzymes Involved in DNA Replication


Enzyme Function

DNA helicase Unwinds the double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds

RNA primase Builds an RNA primer on leading and lagging strands

DNA polymerase Adds daughter nucleotides on the parent strands


DNA ligase Joins Okazaki fragments to form a continuous strand

VIDEO SOURCES:
Please refer to this links to fully understand the lesson.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZHs-TZtWKQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qqe4thU-os8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVCTJtiXJEc&t=5s

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