Scribd
Upload
23 views3 pages

Role of Generic Engineering in Vaccine Development

Genetic engineering plays a crucial role in vaccine development by enabling the production of various types of vaccines, including recombinant and DNA vaccines, which offer advantages such as stability, safety, and cost-effectiveness. These vaccines can be produced using vectors that facilitate the expression of immunizing antigens, especially for pathogens that are difficult to cultivate. However, there are potential risks associated with genetically engineered vaccines, including ecological concerns and unpredictability of genetically modified organisms.

Uploaded by

shivakrishnarao tavarekar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views3 pages

Role of Generic Engineering in Vaccine Development

Genetic engineering plays a crucial role in vaccine development by enabling the production of various types of vaccines, including recombinant and DNA vaccines, which offer advantages such as stability, safety, and cost-effectiveness. These vaccines can be produced using vectors that facilitate the expression of immunizing antigens, especially for pathogens that are difficult to cultivate. However, there are potential risks associated with genetically engineered vaccines, including ecological concerns and unpredictability of genetically modified organisms.

Uploaded by

shivakrishnarao tavarekar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Role of genetic engineering in vaccine development

➢ At present several different forms of vaccine preparation are available.

Forms of vaccine preparation

Live Inert (killed)


Attenuated Inactivated
Recombinant Extraction
Recombinant
Synthetic oligopeptide
➢ Due to development of genetic engineering techniques, it has been
realised that this technique having certain clear advantages over the
existing techniques.

Potential advantages of genetically Engineer antigens


▪ Stability (reversion)
▪ Lack of side effects
▪ Purity
▪ Safety of preparation
▪ Low price
▪ Variety of serotypes
▪ Diagnostic applications

Genetically engineering for vaccine production


➢ Useful vaccines can be made by transferring genes which code for
immunizing antigens into heterogeneous species which act as vectors
in which the gene product can be produced.
➢ This can we useful where the pathogens for which vaccine is required is
difficult to grow, slow growing or dangerous.
➢ Suitable vectors should be easy to grow and recombinant organisms
should produce large amount of the required antigen.

Recombinant vaccine
A vaccine produced from cloned gene.

Generatically engineered vaccines


▪ Subunit vaccines (HBsAg)
▪ DNA vaccines
▪ Recombinant DNA vaccines
▪ Naked DNA vaccines
▪ Live vector vaccines
▪ RNA vaccines
▪ Edible vaccines

Some Human disease agents for which rDNA vaccines are being developed

S. No. Pathogenic agent Disease


1 Varicella Zoster virus Chicken pox
2 Hepatitis A and B virus Hepatitis
3 Herpes simplex virus type 2 Genital ulcer
4 Influenza A and B virus ARDS
5 Rabies virus Encephalitis
6 HIV AIDS
7 Plasmodium species Malaria
8 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis
9 Vibrio cholerae Cholera
10 Neisseria gonorrhoea Gonorrhoea

Potential risks of genetically engineered vaccines

➢ Synthetic and recombinant vaccines are produced under certain


conditions. It is difficult to imagine such vaccines posing ecological
and environmental risks.
➢ Generatically modified viruses are genetically engineered virus vector
vaccines carry significant unpredictability and a number of Inherent
harmful potential and hazards.
➢ RNA vaccines may have a fa away to go before any of them find
practical use. Although the easy degradation is a serious problem with
RNA work in the laboratory, RNA may be surprisingly resistant
under natural conditions.
➢ Naked DNA vaccines are engineered from general genetic shuttle
vectors naked DNA may persist much larger in environment than
dogmas hold just a short time ago.
➢ Some environmental pollutants (xenobiotics that is dioxins heavy
metals) may intact with genetically engineered vaccines, adding to
their unpredictability and the inability to perform meaningful risk
assessments.

Advantages
➢ Cultivation of dangerous agents are not required.
➢ Since genetic immunization does not utilise any viral or bacterial
strain, so there is no change that an Attenuated strain will revert to
virulence.
➢ Since no organisms are used, attenuated organisms that may cause
disease in young or immunocompromised animals are not problem.
➢ Approach Is independent of weather the microorganism is difficult to
grow or attenuate.
➢ Production is in extensive because protein does not need to be produced
or purified.
➢ Storage is in expensive because of the stability of DNA.
➢ One plasmid could encode several antigens/ vaccines or several
plasmids could be mixed and administered at the same time.

You might also like